Test Bank Docx Ch12 Interest Groups

Chapter 12: Interest Groups

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 01

1) What is the street in downtown Washington, DC, that is home to the headquarters of many lobbying firms and interest groups?

Feedback: factual

a. I Street

b. K Street

c. M Street

d. P Street

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 02

2) James Madison warns against interest groups in

Feedback: factual

a. The Constitution.

b. The Declaration of Independence.

c. The Federalist Papers.

d. The Articles of Confederation.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 03

3) Madison refers to interest groups in the Federalist Papers as

Feedback: factual

a. lobbyists.

b. factions.

c. special interests.

d. political parties.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 04

4) Which of the following terms does not refer to a group that is primarily interested in gaining the support of government to pursue its specific policy goals?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Allied group

b. Special interest group

c. Faction

d. Interest group

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 05

5) How many lobbyists are currently registered with Congress?

Feedback: factual

a. Just under 12,000

b. Just over 17,000

c. Approximately 20,000

d. Approximately 25,000

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 06

6) An interest group is defined as

Feedback: factual

a. an organization whose goal is to influence citizens.

b. an organization whose goal is to get members elected to office.

c. an organization whose goal is to disrupt the lawmaking process.

d. an organization whose goal is to influence government.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 07

7) The two important elements in the definition of an interest group are

Feedback: conceptual

a. membership and money.

b. organization and influence.

c. bribery and blackmail.

d. persuasion and information.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 08

8) A _______ is an individual who contacts government officials on behalf of a particular cause or issue.

Feedback: applied

a. lobbyist

b. constituent

c. member of Congress

d. specialist

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 09

9) What are two types of interest groups referred to in the text?

Feedback: factual

a. Democratic interests and Republican interests

b. General-welfare groups and corporate-welfare groups

c. Special interests and non-special interests

d. Citizen groups and intergovernmental groups

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 10

10) According to the text, which of the following is an example of an interest group?

Feedback: applied

a. AARP

b. Lockheed-Martin

c. American Israel Public Affairs Committee

d. U.S. Chamber of Commerce

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 11

11) Which of the following is not a primary function of interest groups?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Informing members about political developments

b. Buying the votes of members of Congress

c. Communicating members’ views to government officials

d. Mobilizing the public

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 12

12) Which branch of government do lobbyists contact to convey their opinions and push their policy priorities?

Feedback: applied

a. The executive branch

b. The legislative branch

c. The judicial branch

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 13

13) In order for an interest group to be successful, it must do which of the following?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Inform members about political developments

b. Communicate members’ views to government officials

c. Mobilize the public

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 14

14) A citizen group is defined as

Feedback: factual

a. an organization that seeks to benefit the population at large.

b. a group promoting corporate interests.

c. an organization that focuses on citizenship issues.

d. a collection of multiple interest groups.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 15

15) What is the difference between a private lobbyist and a public interest lobbyist?

Feedback: applied

a. There is very little difference.

b. The private lobbyist is a representative of an organization that seeks to benefit the whole population.

c. The public interest lobbyist is a representative of an organization that seeks to benefit the population at large, not a specific client or small collection of people.

d. The public interest lobbyist does not need financial support from individuals.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 16

16) _______ is the view that interest group activity provides an additional opportunity for public representation.

Feedback: applied

a. Demosclerosis

b. Pluralism

c. Power elite theory

d. Punitive theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 17

17) _______ is the view that there are too many interest groups in Washington, and that is slowing down the legislative process.

Feedback: factual

a. Hyperpluralism

b. Pluralism

c. Power elite theory

d. Punitive theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 18

18) _______ is the view that a handful of wealthy, influential Americans exercise extensive control over government decisions.

Feedback: factual

a. Demosclerosis

b. Pluralism

c. Power elite theory

d. Punitive theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 19

19) Lobbyists in Washington, DC, can avoid registering if

Feedback: factual

a. their group brings in or accepts less than $1 million in contributions.

b. they spend less than 20 percent of their time on lobbying activities.

c. they represent a public interest group.

d. their group is located outside of the United States.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 20

20) Spending by registered lobbyists has

Feedback: applied

a. stayed roughly the same.

b. decreased greatly.

c. consistently increased.

d. increased in some years and decreased in other years.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 21

21) In 2019, how much did U.S. businesses spend on lobbying?

Feedback: factual

a. $200 million

b. $1.5 billion

c. $3.0 billion

d. $3.37 billion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 22

22) What is the estimated number of professionals lobbying the U.S. government?

Feedback: factual

a. 90,000

b. 1 million

c. 50,000

d. 1 billion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 23

23) When an issue arises in Washington that is of interest to a group, the group tends to

Feedback: applied

a. gain more members.

b. boost its spending.

c. get less attention from legislators.

d. gain more members but get less attention from legislators.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 24

24) On high-profile issues like climate change, lobbying

Feedback: conceptual

a. has little effect on the views of members of Congress.

b. has great potential to change the views of members of Congress.

c. has an effect with some members and no effect on other members of Congress, regardless of party.

d. has little effect on Democratic members of Congress but a significant effect on Republican members.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 25

25) The 1946 Regulation of Lobbying Act required lobbyists to do which of the following?

Feedback: factual

a. Register with Congress

b. Report the amount and sources of income derived from lobbying

c. Register with Congress and report the amount and sources of income derived from lobbying

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 26

26) In the first half of the twentieth century, lobbyists were

Feedback: conceptual

a. not really regulated.

b. regulated about the same as they are today.

c. regulated more than they are today.

d. not present in Washington, DC.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 27

27) The lobbying restrictions imposed in 1995 limited

Feedback: factual

a. the number of members of Congress a lobbyist can contact.

b. the gifts that lobbyists can give members of Congress.

c. lobbyists' activities so much that the total number in Washington, DC, declined by half.

d. the total number of lobbyists able to work in Washington, DC.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 28

28) The 2007 lobbying reforms did all of the following except

Feedback: applied

a. prohibit former members from lobbying their former colleagues for two years after leaving office.

b. close loopholes in the 1995 restrictions.

c. remove restrictions on the amount of money that lobbyists could give as gifts.

d. strengthen disclosure requirements.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 29

29) Beginning in the mid-1960s, the number of lobbyists

Feedback: factual

a. increased dramatically.

b. decreased dramatically.

c. stayed the same as it had been earlier.

d. decreased only slightly.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 30

30) In The Federalist Papers Madison suggests that the way to deal with the threats posed by factions is to

Feedback: factual

a. outlaw them.

b. increase their numbers.

c. ignore them.

d. limit their numbers.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 31

31) Interest groups today represent which of the following?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Virtually every political and social topic and concern

b. A limited number of political and social groups

c. A small number of wealthy individuals

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 32

32) About how many interest groups are active in American politics today?

Feedback: factual

a. 20,000

b. 200,000

c. 2,000,000

d. 3,000,000

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 33

33) Interest groups pursue benefits for

Feedback: factual

a. clients.

b. lobbying coalitions.

c. special interests.

d. factions.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 34

34) A _______ is a group of lobbyists working on related topics or a specific legislative proposal.

Feedback: factual

a. special interest

b. faction

c. membership group

d. lobbying coalition

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 35

35) A lobbyist who waits in the cafeteria for House members is fulfilling the _______ role of lobbying.

Feedback: factual

a. social butterfly

b. campaign building

c. Astroturf

d. coalition building

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 36

36) When interest groups mobilize the public to do something on their behalf, which actions may be included?

Feedback: applied

a. Letter writing

b. Protesting

c. Contributing funds

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 37

37) When interest groups mobilize the public, they typically reach out through which of the following?

Feedback: applied

a. TV ads

b. Facebook posts

c. Direct mail postcards

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 38

38) Which of the following countries features lobbying firms?

Feedback: factual

a. United Kingdom

b. United States

c. Canada

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 39

39) Pluralism is defined as

Feedback: factual

a. an open, participatory style of government in which many different interests are represented.

b. a closed system of government in which only a limited number of individuals are represented.

c. a system that benefits only the wealthy.

d. an open style of government in which a limited number of individuals are represented.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 40

40) Pessimistic theories about the presence and/or function of interest groups are offered by

Feedback: conceptual

a. hyperpluralism.

b. power elite theory.

c. pluralism.

d. hyperpluralism and power elite theory.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 41

41) The bank bailouts of 2008–2009 are best explained by

Feedback: applied

a. demosclerosis.

b. power elite theory.

c. hyperpluralism.

d. demosclerosis and power elite theory.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 42

42) Studying the influence of interest groups typically includes consideration of which of the following?

Feedback: factual

a. The number of interest groups

b. The amount of money interest groups spend

c. The number of groups within society that are represented by interest groups

d. The number of interest groups and the amount of money they spend

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 43

43) If an interest group spends more than _______ percent of its time on lobbying efforts, it must register with Congress.

Feedback: factual

a. 10

b. 20

c. 30

d. 40

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 44

44) The interest group lobbying reform of 2007 worked to do which of the following?

Feedback: factual

a. Tighten restrictions on gift giving

b. Decrease the number of interest groups in Washington, DC

c. Allow unrepresented segments of the public to form interest groups

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 45

45) Where in the Bill of Rights is the right to lobby guaranteed?

Feedback: conceptual

a. The Third Amendment

b. The Eighth Amendment

c. The First Amendment

d. The Sixth Amendment

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 46

46) _______ coined the term lobbyist after many fiery speeches about the subject.

Feedback: factual

a. Alexander Hamilton

b. Thomas Jefferson

c. Andrew Jackson

d. Abraham Lincoln

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 47

47) The “revolving door” is between Capitol Hill or the White House and

Feedback: factual

a. Governors’ mansions.

b. K Street.

c. L Street.

d. Lobby Mansion.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 48

48) What would be an acceptable gift from a lobbyist to a Senator?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Dinner at an upscale restaurant

b. A trip to a golf resort

c. Free rent on a local house

d. A T-shirt

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 49

49) What did the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act 1946 require lobbyists to do?

Feedback: applied

a. Identify sources of lobbying money

b. Give only small gifts

c. Have offices on K Street

d. Register every ten years

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 50

50) Until the 1960s, the number of active lobbyists

Feedback: conceptual

a. remained relatively stable.

b. grew slowly.

c. rose exponentially.

d. declined.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 51

51) The result of expanded public, government, and lobbying activity has been

Feedback: applied

a. increased legislative output.

b. increased executive output.

c. decreased numbers of women in the lobbying industry.

d. an advocacy explosion.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 52

52) Which statement is true about women’s role in lobbying today?

Feedback: conceptual

a. They often lobby on social issues.

b. They play a very minor role; most lobbyists are men.

c. They often lobby to undo gun-control legislation.

d. Younger women are often less qualified than their older counterparts.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 53

53) Despite common portrayals, today a lobbyist is likely to be

Feedback: applied

a. a 45-year-old male.

b. a 25-year-old female.

c. a 52-year-old female.

d. a retired Senator.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 54

54) Which of the following is a role often filled by lobbyists?

Feedback: factual

a. Running for public office

b. Heckling members of Congress when they give speeches

c. Taking a position

d. Taking advantage of privileges

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 55

55) Which of the following is not a role often filled by lobbyists?

Feedback: factual

a. Legislative researcher

b. Committee witness

c. Coalition builder

d. Personal assistant

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 56

56) In which of the following activities do lobbyists often engage?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Socializing with members of Congress

b. Acting as concierges

c. Serving as grassroots campaigners

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 57

57) Which term refers to a steady stream of materials from interest groups about a single issue?

Feedback: applied

a. Issue campaigning

b. Negative campaigning

c. Positive campaigning

d. Referendum

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 58

58) What is Astroturf lobbying?

Feedback: factual

a. Lobbying that focuses on social issues

b. Lobbying that stimulates significant public engagement

c. Lobbying on a bill that just passed through Congress

d. A new, more modern, form of lobbying

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 59

59) A lobbying professional employed by a specific company, like Apple or ExxonMobil, is called

Feedback: conceptual

a. a social lobbyist.

b. an independent lobbyist.

c. a single-firm lobbyist.

d. a multifirm lobbyist.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 60

60) A lobbying group that represents a collection of related businesses, like the American Petroleum Institute (oil companies), is called

Feedback: conceptual

a. a trade association lobbyist.

b. a multifirm lobbyist.

c. an independent lobbyist.

d. OPEC.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 61

61) “Hired guns,” who are usually seasoned lobbyists or former high-profile government staffers, are paid by several different clients to promote their interests. They are classified as

Feedback: conceptual

a. independent lobbyists.

b. social lobbyists.

c. trade association lobbyists.

d. cabinet members.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 62

62) Which are items distributed by public interest groups as incentives to sign up or remain a member?

Feedback: factual

a. Material benefits

b. Expressive benefits

c. Solidary benefits

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 63

63) Which relates to values or deeply held beliefs that inspire individuals to join a public interest group?

Feedback: factual

a. Material benefits

b. Expressive benefits

c. Solidary benefits

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 64

64) Some people join interest groups for the feeling of shared commitment and purpose. This is consistent with which of the following?

Feedback: applied

a. Material benefits

b. Expressive benefits

c. Solidary benefits

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 65

65) Which term describes a set of brochures and position papers left behind by a lobbyist after visiting a legislator’s office?

Feedback: factual

a. Fly-in

b. Gucci Gulch

c. Drop

d. Bird-dog

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 66

66) Do nonprofit groups lobby?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Yes, but not often

b. No, never

c. Some do, some don’t

d. Yes, because they have to

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 67

67) The cozy relationship in one issue area among interest group lobbyists, congressional staffers, and an executive-branch agency is called

Feedback: applied

a. a bill group.

b. an iron triangle.

c. a congressional watchdog group.

d. an issue network.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 68

68) Which of the following would be a part of an iron triangle?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Senator from Kansas

b. Farm group from Kansas

c. Federal agricultural agency

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 69

69) What is an issue network?

Feedback: conceptual

a. A shifting alliance of public and private interest groups, lawmakers, and other stakeholders, all focused on the same policy area

b. The cozy relationship in one issue area among interest group lobbyist, congressional staffer, and executive-branch agency

c. An organization run by the White House staff

d. The relationship between the president and the cabinet

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 70

70) Which term describes attempts by public officials in one part of the government to influence their counterparts in another part of government?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Social lobbying

b. Reverse lobbying

c. Intergovernmental lobbying

d. Bureaucratic rule making

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 71

71) Which term refers to attempts by government officials to influence interest groups on behalf of their preferred policies?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Reverse lobbying

b. Bureaucratic rule making

c. Social lobbying

d. Intergovernmental lobbying

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 72

72) What kind of lobbying did President Obama use in the early stages of health care reform?

Feedback: factual

a. Intergovernmental lobbying

b. Independent lobbying

c. Social lobbying

d. Reverse lobbying

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 73

73) Which describes the access that lobbyists have to Supreme Court justices?

Feedback: factual

a. It is similar to the access they have to the president and Congress.

b. It is nearly unlimited.

c. It is meager, almost nonexistent.

d. None of the answer choices is correct; lobbyists do not feel they need to try to influence the Court.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 74

74) The most important role of interest groups within the judicial system is

Feedback: conceptual

a. sponsoring class-action lawsuits.

b. appointing judges.

c. pushing for members to become judges.

d. writing appellate court decisions.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 75

75) How do lobbying groups work with judges?

Feedback: factual

a. They lobby judges directly.

b. They lobby those who appoint judges.

c. They give money to judges to influence their decisions.

d. They provide conferences for Supreme Court justices.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 76

76) When a senator loses reelection and joins a lobbying firm this is known as

Feedback: conceptual

a. intergovernmental lobbying.

b. Senate lobbying.

c. election spoils.

d. revolving door.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 77

77) Iron triangles have given way to

Feedback: factual

a. issue networks.

b. revolving doors.

c. government bureaucracy.

d. executive committees.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 78

78) According to Senator Ashurst, when forced to choose between voting in the interest of the people or the special interests, what does he do?

Feedback: factual

a. Vote on the side he agrees with.

b. Vote on the side of the people.

c. Vote on the side of the special interest.

d. Vote the party line.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 79

79) Which type of lobbyists’ campaign activity is the most controversial?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Canvassing on behalf of candidates

b. Financing campaigns

c. Writing candidate speeches

d. Acting as consultants on campaign strategy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 80

80) Why did Senator Ashurst vote with the special interest groups?

Feedback: applied

a. They financed his campaign.

b. The party advised him to do so.

c. They remember.

d. They provide volunteers.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 81

81) How often do political party leadership in Congress and successful lobbying go together today?

Feedback: applied

a. They are very highly intertwined.

b. They not highly correlated.

c. They used to, but not anymore.

d. Each is wholly dependent on the other.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 82

82) Do interest groups donate to campaigns because they like the candidate or to protect their own interests?

Feedback: applied

a. Because they like the candidate

b. To protect their own interests

c. Neither a nor b

d. Both a and b

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 83

83) The tendency of seasoned lobbyists to move from government work (e.g., as presidential advisors) to lobbying and back again is known as

Feedback: applied

a. pork barrel benefits.

b. the sliding door.

c. the revolving door

d. political maneuvering.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 84

84) The “advocacy explosion” began in the

Feedback: factual

a. 1890s.

b. 1940s.

c. 1950s.

d. 1960s.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 85

85) Is corruption as big a problem in lobbying today as it has been in the past?

Feedback: conceptual

a. It has actually decreased significantly.

b. It has gotten worse.

c. It has stayed about the same.

d. Corruption has never been a problem with interest group lobbying.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 86

86) Why did Madison feel the answer to interest groups was more interest groups?

Feedback: applied

a. They would vote each other down.

b. They would join together and do good.

c. They could take over government functions.

d. None could become too powerful.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 87

87) Are lobbyists held directly accountable by the public for their actions?

Feedback: factual

a. Yes

b. No

c. Most of the time

d. In a few select cases

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 88

88) Which group has a large amount of access to national government policy makers?

Feedback: applied

a. The middle class

b. The wealthy and powerful

c. The very poor

d. Local policy planners

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 89

89) Which of the following groups have had concerns about special interests?

Feedback: factual

a. Jacksonian Democrats

b. Progressives

c. 1960s radicals

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 90

90) A term often used to designate an interest group someone does not agree with is

Feedback: conceptual

a. special interest group.

b. negative interest group.

c. undue influence group.

d. vested interest group.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 91

91) How do interest groups promote stability?

Feedback: conceptual

a. They keep a few issues at the forefront, preventing interference by other interests.

b. They check each other’s power.

c. They promote rapid political change.

d. None of the above; they actually destabilize governmental processes.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 92

92) What is the estimated percentage of former members of Congress who now work as Washington lobbyists?

Feedback: factual

a. 25 percent

b. 35 percent

c. 45 percent

d. 55 percent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 93

93) A primary link between the public and government is

Feedback: factual

a. elected officials.

b. congressional liaisons.

c. the governor’s office.

d. interest groups.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 94

94) Who communicates members’ views to government officials?

Feedback: factual

a. Interest groups

b. Congressional liaisons

c. The governor’s office

d. The president’s office

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 95

95) One look at President Trump’s cabinet and what can be concluded?

Feedback: factual

a. The swamp is gone.

b. Interest groups are taking over.

c. The theory of intersecting influences is still at work.

d. Interest groups are on their way out.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 96

96) What percentage of lobbying organizations represent business?

Feedback: factual

a. 23 percent

b. 33 percent

c. 43 percent

d. 53 percent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 97

97) Public interest groups account for how much lobbyist spending?

Feedback: factual

a. 5 percent

b. 7 percent

c. 9 percent

d. 11 percent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 98

98) Economic interest groups exist to

Feedback: factual

a. advance pubic interests.

b. serve members’ financial interests.

c. work for a branch of government.

d. give senators jobs in retirement.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 99

99) Teachers, truck drivers, and healthcare workers are represented by what type of interest group?

Feedback: applied

a. Business

b. Trade association

c. Labor

d. Grassroots

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 100

100) What is the controversy involving K Street in Washington, DC?

Feedback:

It is home to the headquarters of advocacy groups that try to influence government policy.

The street name has become synonymous with corruption and undue influence.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 101

101) What are the two important elements in an interest group?

Feedback:

Organization

Influence government

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 102

102) Where and when did the term lobbying originate?

Feedback:

1750s British House of Commons.

1830s New York state politics in the state capital of Albany.

Described individuals who waited in corridors or lobbies for the opportunity to speak to lawmakers in the hope of influencing public policy.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 103

103) What do interest groups do for their members?

Feedback:

Provide information.

Communicate members’ views to government officials.

Mobilize the public on behalf of member interests.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 104

104) What does pluralism imply as it relates to interest groups and government policy making?

Feedback:

According to pluralist theory, the governing system is open.

Multiple groups compete to influence government policies.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 105

105) What does power elite theory imply?

Feedback:

Only a select few wealthy individuals are in a position to influence government policy making.

Interest group competition is not meaningful.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 106

106) What is the controversy surrounding the number of registered lobbyists (over 11,000 in 2019)?

Feedback:

It represents only a fraction of people who are actually lobbying.

Loopholes in reporting requirements mean that many people who are not “registered” lobbyists are performing lobbying functions.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 107

107) How much do lobbyists spend?

Feedback:

Reported $3 billion, U.S. business in 2019.

Amount likely 2.5 times that high because many lobbyists do not register.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 108

108) What did the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act in 1946 require?

Feedback:

Lobbyists had to register with Congress.

Lobbyists had to report the amount and sources of income derived from lobbying.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 109

109) What loopholes existed in the 1946 law that allowed members of Congress to receive “gifts”?

Feedback:

Client gives funds to lobbyist

Lobbyist gives funds to member of Congress as a “gift”

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 110

110) What clause in the U.S. Constitution protects lobbying?

Feedback:

The First Amendment provision that the right of people to “petition the government for a redress of grievances” shall not be denied.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 111

111) What happened to the number of interest groups in the 1960s, and what caused the change?

Feedback:

There was a dramatic increase in the number of groups.

The high level of political participation in the 1960s was channeled into interest group activities.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 112

112) Demographically speaking, what do lobbyists look like today?

Feedback:

Young.

Female.

Well-educated.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 113

113) What are some of the roles lobbyists play as they try to influence government policy making?

Feedback:

Researcher.

Committee witness.

Coalition builder (among others).

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 114

114) What is meant by an issue campaign?

Feedback:

A concerted effort by an interest group to arouse support or opposition to a particular legislative matter.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 115

115) What is meant by Astroturf lobbying?

Feedback:

An attempt by interest groups to simulate widespread public engagement on an issue

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 116

116) What is meant by a single-firm lobbyist?

Feedback:

Someone who represents a single business interest.

In effect, a salesperson for a particular company that wants to challenge a government regulation or win a government contract.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 117

117) What is meant by a trade association? Provide an example.

Feedback:

A lobbying group that represents a collection of related businesses.

Media outlets, tobacco growers, automakers.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 118

118) Who are independent lobbyists, and what is their pejorative nickname?

Feedback:

Professional lobbyists who represent a variety of interests—in effect, anyone who is willing to pay them.

“Hired guns.”

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 119

119) What does the term drop refer to as it relates to the activities of lobbyists?

Feedback:

A set of brochures and position papers left behind by a lobbyist after visiting a legislator’s office.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 120

120) What does the term fly-in refer to as it relates to the activities of lobbyists?

Feedback:

A series of Washington meetings, usually on Capitol Hill, organized by lobbyists for their out-of-town clients.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 121

121) What does the term bird-dogging refer to as it relates to the activities of lobbyists?

Feedback:

Posing tough questions to an elected official, often at a public event. Advocacy groups often engage in this tactic to advance their causes and win attention.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 122

122) What does the term Spilling the Tea refer to as it relates to the activities of lobbyists?

Feedback:

Exchanging political gossip.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 123

123) Who are the three actors in an “iron triangle"?

Feedback:

Interest groups lobbyists.

Congressional staffers.

Executive branch agencies.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 124

124) What is meant by the term issue networks, and how do issue networks relate to iron triangles?

Feedback:

Shifting alliances of public and private interest groups that help to define a policy subsystem.

Issue networks and iron triangles are both policy subsystem analogies.

An issue network implies a more open or decentralized policy subsystem.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 125

125) What is meant by the term intergovernmental lobbying?

Feedback:

Attempts by public officials in one part of the government to influence their counterparts elsewhere in the government—in another branch or at a different government level.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 126

126) What is meant by the term reverse lobbying?

Feedback:

Attempts by government officials to influence interest groups on behalf of their preferred policies.

Members of Congress try to get interest groups to help drum up public support for their legislative initiatives.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 127

127) What are amicus curiae briefs, and how do they relate to interest group influence on the courts?

Feedback:

Friend-of-the-court briefs filed by individuals or groups with a court in connection with a particular case.

Interest groups often write briefs detailing the groups' position on the matter at hand.

Some evidence suggests that these briefs can affect the judicial appeal process, which is evidence of interest group influence on judicial outcomes.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 128

128) What is the purpose of an interest group?

Feedback:

Organization of like-minded individuals.

Influence government for the benefit of members.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 129

129) How did James Madison feel about interest groups?

Feedback:

Federalist Papers refers to interest groups a mortal disease.

Increase the number of interest groups so none becomes too powerful.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 130

130) Elaborate on what interest groups do for their members.

Feedback:

Communicate their members’ views to public officials.

Mobilize the public on behalf of members' views and policy goals.

Provide an avenue for participation.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 131

131) Discuss efforts to regulate lobbying, making specific reference to the gift ban and loopholes in the gift ban.

Feedback:

The Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act was passed in 1946, marking the first time anyone started to really pay attention to lobbying.

Groups had to register with Congress and report on their activities.

In 1995, Republicans banned gift giving, but there were a few loopholes.

In 2007, changes were made to the gift ban to try to close loopholes.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 132

132) How old is lobbying, and what changes have occurred in the extent of lobbying over time? Who are lobbyists today? Are they old, fat, white men smoking cigars, or not?

Feedback:

Lobbying is as old as the country.

There was a steady level of interest group activity throughout U.S. history until the 1960s and 1970s, which witnessed an explosion in advocacy groups.

Today, the typical lobbyist is young, female, and well educated.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 133

133) Elaborate on the multiple roles played by lobbyists working in the nation’s capital.

Feedback:

Researchers.

Witnesses.

Position takers.

Coalition builders.

Social butterflies.

Grassroots campaigners.

Concierges.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 134

134) Explain the difference between private and public advocacy groups.

Feedback:

Private groups represent business interests—either single firms or a trade such as automakers or tobacco growers.

Public groups work on behalf of the population as a whole in areas such as environmental protection and consumer safety.

Private groups are more likely to schmooze and give hefty campaign contributions, while public groups are generally limited to a mobilization strategy.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 135

135) Discuss the reasons political scientists have identified for why people join interest groups. Use the specific vocabulary terms introduced in the textbook.

Feedback:

Material benefits.

Expressive benefits.

Solidary benefits.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 136

136) Discuss policy subsystems, the actors involved, and different analogies that have been used to describe how public policy is made in the United States.

Feedback:

Policy subsystems are microgovernments populated by just those individuals, both inside and outside of government, who are most interested in a particular policy area.

The actors are interest groups, members of Congress, and bureaucrats.

Some refer to these systems as iron triangles, while others refer to them as issue networks. The latter implies a more open system.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 137

137) What is meant by intergovernmental lobbying and reverse lobbying? Are these practices common today?

Feedback:

Intergovernmental lobbying: government units such as cities and counties lobby the state and national government for more spending in their communities.

Reverse lobbying: politicians turn the tables and ask lobbyists to promote the politicians’ issue positions and drum up public support.

Both types of lobbying are commonplace today.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 138

138) In what ways do interest groups try to affect the judicial system in this country?

Feedback:

They try to affect the judicial confirmation process.

They write amicus curiae briefs.

They file class-action lawsuits.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 139

139) Discuss an example of corruption in lobbying.

Feedback:

Paul Manafort.

Jack Abramoff.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 140

140) Make a case for why interest group involvement in the policy-making process is a bad thing or a negative influence.

Feedback:

Corruption and the role of money.

Division and hyperpluralism.

Accountability (or the lack thereof).

Restricted access, or the reality that not everyone has equal access.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 141

141) What roles do interest groups play? How do they carry out these roles?

Feedback:

Informing.

Communicating.

Mobilizing.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 142

142) How do interest groups mobilize the public?

Feedback:

Encourage people to act.

Develop social media programs.

Create TV ads.

Conduct direct-mail campaigns.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 143

143) Discuss pluralism and hyperpluralism.

Feedback:

Define both words.

No single interest dominates.

Refer to Madison and his solution to the problem of interest groups.

No matter the interest there is another interest opposed.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 144

144) What are the types of interest groups? Give an example of each.

Feedback:

Economic.

Citizen.

Intergovernmental.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 145

145) What are the types of economic interest groups? Provide an example of each.

Feedback:

Business groups.

Labor groups.

Trade associations.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 146

146) How have interest groups changed in recent years?

Feedback:

More women.

Younger Americans.

More educated.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 147

147) Discuss the rise of issue networks.

Feedback:

Define term.

More complicated issues.

Need more contacts.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 148

148) How do interest groups help with litigation?

Feedback:

Fund expensive court cases.

Provide expertise.

Provide research.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 149

149) What do lobbyists’ clients get for their money?

Feedback:

Few vote changes.

Soften up persuadable members.

Policy adjustment.

Provide examples.