Test Bank Chapter.6 Infection Control Fundamentals

Student name:__________

1) In medical settings, where many people are hosts to pathogens and many others are susceptible, using medical __________ can break the cycle by preventing the transmission of pathogens.

2) A reservoir host who is unaware of the presence of the pathogen, exhibits no symptoms of the infection, and spreads the disease is called a(n) __________.

3) When a normally beneficial microorganism becomes pathogenic, the infection that develops is a(n) __________ infection.

4) Any inanimate object that can be contaminated by an infected person and then transmit the infective agent to a susceptible host is considered a(n) __________.

5) Many pathogens require a(n) __________ to provide nutrition and a place to multiply. This can be an animal, insect, or human whose body is capable of sustaining the growth of a pathogen.

6) A(n) __________ case is a manifestation of an infection that is so slight that it is unnoticeable.

7) A person who has little or no immunity to infection by an organism is called a(n) __________ host.

8) A living organism that carries microorganisms from an infected person to another person is known as a(n) __________.

9) Fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes are __________ that often carry organisms responsible for disease.

10) A microorganisms strength or disease-producing power is called __________.

11) Laws set forth in the OSHA __________ Pathogens Standard of 1991 dictate how you must handle infectious or potentially infectious waste generated during medical or surgical procedures.

12) __________ is any type of protective gear worn to guard against physical hazards and must be provided by the employer at no charge to the employee.

13) Hospitals now use __________, which are a combination of Universal Precautions and Body Substance Isolation (BSI) guidelines.

14) __________ prevent healthcare workers from exposing themselves and others to infections.

15) Following __________ means assuming that all blood and body fluids are infected with bloodborne pathogens.

16) __________ are used in healthcare facilities for the care of all patients and are an important measure for preventing the transmission of disease in the healthcare setting.

17) Proper __________ includes covering coughs with a tissue and proper disposal of the tissue.

18) Performing mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is a Category I task, and OSHA recommends the use of __________ airway equipment, in addition to wearing gloves.

19) OSHA's __________ clause requires employers to maintain a workplace free from hazards that are recognized as likely to cause death or serious injury.

20) All containers used to store waste products, blood, blood products, or other specimens that may be contaminated with bloodborne pathogens must be clearly marked with a bright orange-red __________ symbol.

21) The goal of OSHA's final rule on Hazard Communication is to transition from workers' "right to know" to the workers' "right to __________."

22) Controlling injuries by altering the way a task is performed is known as __________.

23) Transmission-based precautions are guidelines that supplement __________.

24) The body's ability to resist pathogens and disease is called __________.

A) immunity
B) fomite
C) ergonomics
D) infectiousness
E) exogenous infection

25) Which type of infection is caused when a healthcare worker transfers staph bacteria from his hands to a surgical site?

A) endogenous infection
B) opportunistic infection
C) healthcare-associated infection
D) exogenous infection
E) susceptible host

26) What type of infection is caused by a microorganism that is normally beneficial or harmless to humans?

A) endogenous infection
B) opportunistic infection
C) healthcare-associated infection
D) exogenous infection
E) susceptible host

27) The infection cycle begins when a pathogen is established in the __________.

A) means of entrance
B) reservoir host
C) susceptible host
D) means of transmission
E) means of exit

28) Which of the following is an example of direct transmission of a pathogen?

A) vectors
B) contact with the blood of an infected person
C) contact with fomites
D) contaminated food or drink
E) contact with a contaminated surface

29) Which of the following is most likely spread by airborne transmission?

A) syphilis
B) Escherichia coli bacteria
C) influenza
D) lyme disease
E) malaria

30) How is a congenital infection contracted?

A) ingested
B) present at the time of birth
C) inhaled
D) transmitted by touch
E) vector-borne

31) An individual into whom a pathogen has been transmitted and who has little or no immunity to infection by that organism is a __________.

A) reservoir host
B) carrier
C) susceptible host
D) vector
E) fomite

32) Factors related to the host's susceptibility to infection are __________.

A) age and nutritional status
B) the number and concentration of pathogens
C) living conditions of the host
D) exposure to hazardous substances
E) the virulence of the pathogen

33) The condition in which pathogens are absent or controlled is __________.

A) immunity
B) normal flora
C) a subclinical case
D) endogenous infection
E) asepsis

34) A medical assistant can help break the cycle of infection in the office by __________.

A) eating a well-balanced diet
B) posting a sign that no patients with colds are allowed
C) maintaining strict housekeeping standards
D) administering antibiotics to all patients
E) placing a sharps container in the reception area

35) A reservoir host who is unaware of the presence of the pathogen and so spreads the disease is a __________.

A) vector
B) carrier
C) fomite
D) pathogen
E) susceptible host

36) Which item on the diagram of the cycle of infection is the reservoir host?



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A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

37) Which item on the diagram of the cycle of infection is the method by which a pathogen can enter a new host?


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A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

38) Which item on the diagram of the cycle of infection is the method by which a pathogen spreads to another host?


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A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

39) Which item on the diagram of the cycle of infection is the means of exit for the pathogen to leave the reservoir?


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A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

40) Respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis are often transmitted by __________.

A) bloodborne transmission
B) foodborne transmission
C) airborne transmission
D) vector-borne transmission
E) fomite transmission

41) A living organism that carries microorganisms from an infected person to another person is called a(n) __________.

A) fomite
B) vector
C) antigen
D) microphage
E) macrophage

42) What factors of host susceptibility are related to the pathogen?

A) point of entry
B) genetics
C) stress
D) general health
E) hygiene habits

43) Unpasteurized milk from an infected cow is an example of a(n) __________ factor in the transmission of disease.

A) susceptibility
B) immunity
C) endogenous
D) reservoir
E) environmental

44) When a person develops food poisoning after eating at a restaurant salad bar, the most likely form of transmission is __________.

A) bloodborne
B) animal-borne
C) foodborne
D) vector-borne
E) airborne

45) Principles of __________ must be applied to break the cycle of infection.

A) work practice
B) sterility
C) sepsis
D) asepsis
E) disinfection

46) Max came home with an itchy red rash. When his mother took him to the pediatrician, she determined that Max had chickenpox. The pediatrician asked if other children at his daycare also have chickenpox, because this is a(n) __________.

A) endogenous infection
B) bacterial infection
C) incurable infection
D) exogenous infection
E) healthcare-associated infection

47) The most important aseptic procedure for a medical assistant is __________.

A) proper hand hygiene
B) stocking the office with housekeeping equipment
C) dusting the furniture in the waiting room
D) periodically vacuuming and sweeping the floors
E) providing tissues to patients with colds

48) Aseptic hand washing includes __________.

A) turning the faucets on and off with wet hands
B) adjusting the temperature of the water to cool
C) using bar soap
D) keeping your hands lower than your forearms
E) turning the water off before drying your hands

49) Which of the following are considered aseptic precautions?

A) not using tissues when coughing
B) wearing gloves and a mask when working with a patient if you have a cold
C) taking a fever medication before going to work if you have a fever
D) leaning against the sink when washing your hands
E) using nail polish to protect your fingernails

50) The appropriate way to handle and dispose of contaminated sharps is to __________.

A) place used sharps in a rigid, leakproof, puncture-resistant biohazardous waste container
B) recap used sharps
C) keep disposable and reusable sharps in the same container
D) wash off sharps with soap and water
E) bend used sharps so that they cannot be reused

51) Red bags or bags that have a biohazardous waste label are used for __________.

A) chemicals used in the medical office
B) used lancets and needles
C) broken glassware
D) dressings contaminated with blood or body fluids
E) shredded medical documents

52) All biohazardous waste containers must have which type of label attached.

A) green
B) yellow
C) orange-red
D) blue
E) purple

53) The OSHA Standard Precautions apply to which of the following?

A) intact skin
B) sweat
C) human hair
D) fingernails and toenails
E) blood

54) Which guideline is vital when handling hazardous waste?

A) Push intact contaminated needles into the biohazardous waste container for sharps.
B) Break off or recap needles after use.
C) Open, empty, and clean reusable sharps containers by hand.
D) Place a biohazardous container in a secondary container when there is a danger of puncturing the primary container.
E) Keep biohazardous waste containers open at all times.

55) Which of the following is the appropriate way to handle potentially infectious laundry waste?

A) Wash potentially infectious laundry with all other laundry from the office.
B) Wash potentially infectious laundry separately from other laundry.
C) Place potentially infectious laundry in a red laundry bag marked with a biohazard symbol.
D) Take potentially infectious office laundry home to wash.
E) Place potentially infectious laundry in biohazardous waste containers to be disposed of.

56) According to OSHA, Category I tasks

A) do not involve risk of exposure.
B) involve tasks such as taking a patient's blood pressure.
C) do not require any special precautions.
D) involve tasks such as giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
E) expose a worker to blood, body fluids, or tissues.

57) According to OSHA, Category III tasks

A) do not require any precautions other than hand hygiene.
B) involve tasks such as assisting with minor surgical procedures.
C) involve risk of exposure to bodily fluids.
D) involve tasks such as giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
E) expose a worker to blood, body fluids, or tissues.

58) The appropriate gloves to use when cleaning up a spill in the work environment are __________.

A) single-use disposable gloves
B) examination gloves
C) sterile gloves
D) utility gloves
E) breathable cotton gloves

59) When an exposure incident occurs, the employee __________.

A) should go to a physician and pay for a medical evaluation
B) should be tested for HBV and receive the vaccination if necessary
C) should avoid telling the employer about her carelessness
D) has no right to refuse medical evaluation and treatment
E) should request a transfer to a less hazardous facility

60) An employer is required to offer a medical worker the HBV vaccination within __________ days of starting employment.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 30
D) 60
E) 90

61) The penalty for an OSHA violation when there is a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result and when the employer knew, or should have known, of the hazard, is __________.

A) a possibility of a $3,300 fine
B) a mandatory fine of up to $7,000
C) immediate dismissal of the employee who caused the violation
D) a fine of $33,000.00
E) up to 6 months' imprisonment

62) An OSHA violation that was committed intentionally and resulted in a patient's death carries which of the following penalties?

A) discretionary fine of up to $7,000
B) fine of up to $70,000 and/or up to 6 months' imprisonment
C) mandatory fine of up to $7,000
D) fine of $3,300 for each day the violation was committed
E) fine of up to $33,000

63) The penalty for failure to correct a prior OSHA violation is a __________.

A) discretionary fine of up to $7,000
B) fine of up to $70,000 and/or up to 6 months' imprisonment
C) mandatory fine of up to $7,000
D) fine of $7,000 for each day the violation continues past the date it was supposed to stop
E) fine of up to $33,000

64) A non-serious OSHA violation results in a __________.

A) discretionary fine of up to $7,000
B) fine of up to $70,000 and/or up to 6 months' imprisonment
C) mandatory fine of up to $7,000
D) fine of $7,700 for each day the violation continues past the date it was supposed to stop
E) fine of up to $33,000

65) Which of the following is the appropriate OSHA precaution for administering medicated nose drops to a patient?

A) Wear disposable sterile gloves.
B) Wear gloves and a mask.
C) Wear protective eyewear and gloves.
D) Wear a disposable gown and protective eyewear.
E) Wash hands before and after the procedure.

66) When a hazard occurs that is not addressed specifically by an OSHA standard, __________.

A) OSHA quickly writes a new standard to protect employee safety
B) the employer must use the guidelines from the most applicable existing standard
C) the employees are not protected from this hazard
D) the employer has a duty to inform OSHA so that a standard can be created
E) the general duty clause takes effect

67) The federal administration that was created in 1970 to help protect employee safety in the workplace is __________.

A) OSHA
B) CDC
C) AMA
D) CLIA
E) MSDS

68) Which of the following is not required by the OSHA Hazard Communication?

A) Containers used to store items possibly contaminated with bloodborne pathogens must be clearly marked with a biohazard symbol.
B) Employees must receive training about workplace hazards.
C) Containers used to store nonhazardous waste must be clearly marked.
D) Employees must have access to information about workplace hazards.
E) Employees must be instructed in measures they can take to protect themselves against harm from hazardous substances.

69) OSHA standards include all of the following except __________.

A) bloodborne pathogens
B) standard precautions
C) transmission-based precautions
D) accommodations for the disabled
E) education and training

70) Hand sanitizer rubs have up to __________% alcohol content.

A) 50
B) 40
C) 95
D) 85
E) 60

71) Which of the following organizations recommends that healthcare workers not wear artificial nails or extensions when working with any patient?

A) OSHA
B) CDC
C) HIPAA
D) WHO
E) ADA

72) Which organization has made specific recommendations to healthcare employers on needlestick prevention programs for their employees?

A) CDC
B) OSHA
C) ADA
D) WHO
E) NIOSH

73) Droplets from coughs or sneezes can carry up to __________ feet.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

74) In what year was the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act signed into law?

A) 1999
B) 2000
C) 2001
D) 2003
E) 2005

75) Mosquitoes carry the organisms responsible for all of the following diseases except

A) West Nile virus.
B) Zika virus.
C) babesiosis.
D) malaria.