Test Bank Chapter.12 End Of The Life Course

Chapter 12

End of the Life Course:

Social Support, Public Policy, and Dying Well

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who provides most of the care received by older adults?
   1. Family
   2. Publicly-funded care facilities
   3. Privately-funded caregivers
   4. Non-profit organizations

Page: 385

1. Which of the following is an example of a changing demographic or social trend that results in people being less able to look after their aging relatives directly?
   1. Shorter life expectancy
   2. Higher fertility rates
   3. More childless marriages
   4. Lower divorce rates

Page: 385

1. Which of the following is not a question surrounding the issue of social support?
   1. Who should provide care?
   2. What type of care and how much should be provided in the family home and by whom?
   3. Do men or women provide the best care?
   4. Who should pay for home care?

Page: 385

1. What type of support is provided in the home or community by family, friends, neighbours, or volunteers?
   1. Flexible support
   2. Unintentional support
   3. Casual support
   4. Informal support

Page: 388

1. Who tends to be the primary caregivers of elderly family members?
   1. Sons
   2. Daughters
   3. Grandchildren
   4. Siblings

Page: 389

1. Which of the following statements is false?
   1. More women than men aged 65 and older and living in the community, receive care.
   2. Family caregivers usually include daughters or daughter-in-laws.
   3. People who live in rural areas generally receive more help from community members.
   4. Indigenous peoples prefer government support services over family assistance.

Ams: d

Page: 389

1. Which of the following represent the most burdensome cases of caregiving?
   1. Persons with an acute injury
   2. Persons with a chronic illness
   3. Persons with dementia
   4. Persons with mobility limitations

Page: 391-392

1. Which of the following is a subjective component of caregiver burden?
   1. A loss of sleep
   2. A change in employment status
   3. Financial difficulties
   4. Feelings of guilt

Page: 392

1. What type of support is provided to dependent and frail adults by public and private agencies in the home or in an institution by trained volunteers or professional health- and social-care workers?
   1. Organized support
   2. Funded support
   3. Structured support
   4. Formal support

Page: 394

1. Which of the following does not contribute to the level of stress experienced by an adult child caring for aging parents?
   1. The caregiver’s speed of learning
   2. The type and degree of the older person’s impairment
   3. The availability of financial support
   4. The older person’s personality and demands

Page: 394

1. Which of the following is an example of employer-based support services for an aging population?
   1. Respite services
   2. Professional visits
   3. Information and referral services
   4. Flextime

Page: 395

1. Which group of older people are not main users of formal services?
   1. Frail couples living in their home
   2. Those who live alone
   3. Men
   4. Those over 75 years of age with poor self-reported health

Page: 396

1. Which of the following is not a common reason for avoiding community services?
   1. A desire to remain independent or dependent on a spouse, child, or friend
   2. Knowledge about the availability of formal services
   3. A denial that services are needed
   4. A fear of having strangers in the home

Page: 396

1. Which system was established in Canada in the early 1990s to relieve overburdened hospitals and long-term-care facilities, as well as overburdened or untrained informal caregivers?
   1. Intensive care
   2. Home care
   3. Palliative care
   4. Respite care

Page: 396

1. Which of the following provides temporary supervision or care by professionals so that a primary caregiver can take a daily, weekend, or vacation break from the routine, responsibility, and burden of caregiving?
   1. Home care
   2. Respite care
   3. Intensive care
   4. Palliative care

Page: 396

1. Which of the following group is not typical of home-care clients?
   1. Men over the age of 65
   2. Older adults with acute conditions
   3. Older adults with low levels of assessed complex needs
   4. Older adults who experience pain and/or depression

Page: 396

1. Most abuse and neglect of elders is committed by whom?
   1. A family member
   2. A stranger or acquaintance
   3. A doctor or nurse
   4. A social worker or counsellor

Page: 407

1. Which of the following authorizes an agent, usually a spouse or adult child, to act on behalf of an individual with regard to financial matters?
   1. Living will
   2. Durable power of attorney
   3. Guardianship
   4. Medical power of attorney

Page: 413

1. Nancy’s longtime neighbor and good friend Jill doesn’t trust herself to take care of her finances and make important decisions about her affairs anymore. Jill asks Nancy if she will sign some legal documents to state that Nancy can make decisions on her behalf if the need arises. For instance, depending on the agreement, Nancy would be able to financial, health care and/or medical decisions if Jill were incapable of doing so. What is Jill assigning to Nancy?
   1. Elder custodianship
   2. Guardianship
   3. Joint access
   4. Power of attorney

Page: 413

1. Which country has legalized euthanasia?
   1. United Kingdom
   2. Australia
   3. Germany
   4. Canada

Page: 413

1. In Canada, which of the following patients is eligible for medical assistance in dying?
   1. A 15-year-old boy with an inoperable brain tumour
   2. A 42-year-old woman with end-stage breast cancer
   3. A 67-year-old man in a persistent vegetative state
   4. A 80-year-old woman with advanced Alzheimer’s disease

Page: 415

1. Which of the following is not a difficult moral or ethical question raised by the practice of euthanasia?
   1. Should it be used only for physical and not for mental illnesses?
   2. Who should be involved in the decision to end a life: the individual, the family, a guardian, a physician, a religious figure?
   3. Should doctors receive specialized training in administering such drugs once the decision is reached?
   4. Should it be available only for a terminal illness and only when the quality of life deteriorates beyond a defined point?

Page: 413-414

1. Which of the following is designed for those with a terminal illness who need relief from pain and other symptoms, such as loss of appetite, nausea, incontin­ence, and breathing difficulties?
   1. Home care
   2. Critical care
   3. Acute care
   4. Palliative care

Page: 416

1. Which of the following is true about the meaning of death in different cultural contexts?
   1. It is socially constructed.
   2. It is biologically determined.
   3. It is universal and unchanging.
   4. It is dictated by the state.

Page: 419

1. Which of the following public agencies or departments is not responsible for the needs of older adults?
   1. Employment and Social Development Canada
   2. Health Canada
   3. Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
   4. Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions

Page: 421-422

True or False Questions

1. Most care received by older adults is provided by family sources.

Page: 385

1. Serial, or one-way, exchanges of resources generally involve a downward flow of assistance from the older generation to a younger generation.

Page: 387-388

1. Regulations and laws are increasing the risk of abuse and provide little protection for residents of institutional care facilities.

Page: 404

1. For aging adults, the ideal support system involves different sources, formal and informal, pro­viding a combination of emotional, psychological, and instrumental help when and where it is needed.

Page: 387

1. The most important predictor of who would share a home with an elderly parent was the quality of the adult child’s relationship with his or her parent.

Page: 385

1. A recurring debate involves the extent to which elder care is a private trouble or a public issue.

Page: 385-396

1. Family caregivers usually include daughters or daughters-in-law.

Page: 389

1. Increasingly, more men are involved as the primary caregivers for elderly relatives.

Page: 389

1. The cost of caregiving can be financial, emotional, and psychological.

Page: 391

1. The financial costs of informal caregiving are easy to estimate.

Page: 391

1. The use of formal services by older adults is quite high.

False: 396

1. Hospice care provides temporary supervision or care by professionals so that a primary caregiver can take a daily, weekend, or vacation break from the routine, responsibility, and burden of caregiving.

Page: 399

1. Respite care provides permanent supervision or care by professionals.

Page: 399

1. Elder abuse was first exposed in the late 1980s.

Page: 402

1. Older adults may engage in self-neglect or self-abuse that threatens their own safety and health.

Page: 405

1. Older adults tend to over-report their experiences with fraud.

Page; 405

1. Traditional intervention strategies to prevent and/or stop elder abuse are less successful in multicultural settings, where cultural or ethnic differences in values, traditions, beliefs, and language make it difficult for an outside professional worker to intervene.

Page: 410

1. Dying and death is a family experience.

Page: 411

1. The person assigned by an older adult to make decisions on their behalf if the need arises has power of attorney.

Page: 413

1. Euthanasia and assisted suicide are illegal in Canada.

Page: 413

1. Most palliative care facilities are dedicated to those dying of cancer or AIDS.

Page: 416

1. Bereavement groups have been shown to be ineffective when dealing with loss.

Page: 419-420

1. The cost of a funeral, an administration fee, and a casket or urn, plus a burial plot, is usually less than $2,000.

Page: 420

1. The issue of who is responsible for the welfare of older adults is uncomplicated because there is a clear structure of government in Canada.

Page: 421

1. The apocalyptic view of public policy argues that population aging means we can no longer finance all the health, social, and economic benefits that older adults need.

Page: 423

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the integrated continuum-of-care model? What does it include?

Page: 385, 398-402

1. What are the major factors influencing patterns of informal support?

Page: 386

1. Is there reciprocity in terms of social support over the life course? Support your answer.

Page: 387–388

1. What is caregiver burden?

Page: 391-392

1. What are the visible components of caregiver burden?

Page: 392

1. What are the challenges of caregiving for a spouse?

Page: 392–393

1. What is formal support? What are the recent trends in formal support?

Page: 394

1. What are some of the reasons that older adults do not use formal services in the community?

Page: 396

1. How can we assist caregivers?

Page: 398–399

1. What is respite care and why is it important?

Page: 399

1. What is an “integrated continuum of care”? What are its advantages?

Page: 399–402

1. What is meant by elder abuse and neglect? How is it measured?

Page: 404

1. What is meant by self-neglect or self-abuse among older adults?

Page: 405

1. According to the literature, what do we know about the prevalence of elder abuse?

Page: 405–407

1. How can we prevent abuse and neglect among older persons?

Page: 409-410

1. What are advance directives and why are they important?

Page: 412

1. How have attitudes towards euthanasia changed over time?

Page: 413

1. What is Bill C-14 and what does it cover?

Page: 414-415

1. What is palliative care and what role does it play in aging?

Page: 416-419

1. How is death socially constructed?

Page: 419

1. What is bereavement and how does it relate to grief and mourning?

Page: 419-420

1. Why is the issue of who is responsible for the welfare of older adults complicated?

Page: 421

1. How can the services and programs provided under a policy create social equality or produce positive outcomes?

Services and programs provided under a policy should not create or perpetuate social inequality or produce negative unanticipated consequences. Policies must accommodate gender, marital, ethnic, regional, class, urban-rural, and other personal differences among both the recipients and those who provide care and services. Given the sex ratio of the older population, social policies must not ignore the special needs of older women, especially those who live alone. Policies should address the needs of older people who are most at risk because of their personal circumstances. What is needed are “inclusive” policies that take into account risk factors that are often related (e.g., being a divorced woman and poverty), emerging situations (e.g., benefits for gay and lesbian partners), and diverse geographical settings where older people may live (e.g., rural as opposed to urban or an Indigenous community in a remote northern region). Although not typically performed, analyses of existing or proposed policies should assess the relative costs and benefits of implementing the policy and examine the intended and unintended consequences of the policy for an older population.

Page: 423

1. What are five criteria that policies and programs for older adults should meet to be effective?

Page: 425

1. What kinds of economic and social questions fuel the debate about whether the needs of older people should be viewed as a “private trouble” of the individual or a “public issue” facing society?

Page: 424