Test Bank Chapter 9 Policy Proposals Step 5 & Step 6

Jansson, Becoming an Effective Policy Advocate, 7^th Edition

Test Bank

Chapter 9: Presenting and Defending Policy Proposals in Step 5 and Step 6 of Policy Analysis

1. In friendly communication, policy advocates will:

1. Use debating techniques to prove their point.
2. Engage in hardball negotiations to achieve their outcome.
3. Use conflict reducing techniques to decrease opposition to a proposal.
4. Combine all these approaches as needed.

PG: 274

2. Policy debates are more likely to be adversarial if protagonists’ positions are shaped by ____________ differences.

1. Political.
2. Economic.
3. Historical.
4. Ideological.

PG: 275

3. In order to assemble a winning strategy, candidates often:

1. Avoid issues they perceive as no-win.
2. Identify issues that resonate with their constituents.
3. Address specific issues but take fuzzy positions.
4. All of these choices.

PG: 276

4. In combative persuasion, presenters use:

1. Persuasive techniques to modify the opinions of opponents.
2. Stylized techniques to modify the opinions of opponents.
3. Confrontational techniques to modify the opinions of opponents.
4. Instructive techniques to modify the opinions of opponents.

PG: 277

5. Debate, coercion, and negotiation are examples of:

1. Policy making.
2. Combative persuasion.
3. Agenda building.
4. Coalition building.

PG: 277

6. Policy persuaders recognize that coercive messages:

1. Are usually successful in “softening up” opponents.
2. Can be effective, but carry some dangers.
3. Should precede the use of friendly persuasion.
4. Should be used at every opportunity.

PG: 281

7. A friendly negotiation may involve:

1. Brainstorming.
2. Rapid closure.
3. Staking a clear position at the outset.
4. Repeated power struggles.

PG: 281

8. At the beginning of hardball negotiations, each party will:

1. Test the intentions of the other side.
2. Agree where concessions can be made.
3. State their position.
4. Use veiled or open threats.

PG: 282

9. Which of the following situations favor an adversarial approach to communication?

1. When the relations between two parties are amicable.
2. When both parties have a fixed initial position.
3. When onlookers do not pressure the parties for an outcome.
4. When mutual concessions are valued.

PG: 283

10. “Diagnosing” an audience refers to a policy advocate understanding:

1. An audience’s beliefs.
2. What motivates an audience.
3. An audience’s fears and hopes.
4. All of these choices.

PG: 285

11. Public speaking allows presenters to:

1. Interact with the audience.
2. Engage the emotions of audience members.
3. Be flexible.
4. All of these choices.

PG: 287

12. The advantage of written communication, as opposed to spoken communication is:

1. It allows presenters to interact with the audience.
2. It can be more precise.
3. It can easily be used to appeal to the emotions of the audience.
4. It can be used against an opponent at a later time.

PG: 287-288

13. Graphic materials in a presentation:

1. Can help capture the attention of an indifferent audience.
2. Allow a presenter to be flexible.
3. Allow a presenter to change their message during the presentation.
4. Are confusing for many audience members.

PG: 288

14. Effective persuaders:

1. Focus on one style of presenting an issue.
2. Incorporate PowerPoint presentations whenever possible.
3. Use a variety of written and interpersonal communications.
4. Focus on spoken communication.

PG: 288

15. Which of the following is NOT a way to fine-tune a presentation?

1. Use visual aids, such as charts.
2. Memorize it so that you can deliver it verbatim.
3. Use case examples.
4. Elicit audience participation.

PG: 289

16. With expert audiences, persuaders should:

1. Move quickly to a specific recommendation.
2. Present an array of perspectives and evidence.
3. Try to appeal to their emotions.
4. Use a confrontational style.

PG: 292-293

17. In a discussion that follows a substantive format, the lobbyist:

1. Seeks assistance.
2. Solicits information.
3. Uses flattery.
4. Seeks support.

PG: 295, 297

18. What is a grant proposal?

1. A policy proposal.
2. A legislative proposal.
3. A proposal seeking resources and funding.
4. An explanation of the goals of an agency.

PG: 297

19. Which of the following is NOT important to include in a grant proposal?

1. Dramatic cases that prove why the proposal is important.
2. Research and data supporting the proposal.
3. Partnerships and cooperation with other bodies.
4. Names and job titles of staff members.

PG: 298

20. Which writing style is most appropriate for a grant proposal?

1. Short and to the point.
2. Technical writing with lots of terminology.
3. Fluent prose that addresses and explains all the issues.
4. A 20-25 page paper that addresses each issue and solution in detail.

PG: 300