Test Bank Chapter 5 Messages Verbal And Nonverbal Support

Chapter Five “Messages: Verbal and Nonverbal Support”

Multiple-Choice Questions

Mark all answers that apply for each question. The correct answers are shown in bold type.

1. The content of any communication transaction, whether it is an intimate conversation, a public speech, or a mass media telecast, is called:

_____ A. Channel.

_____ B. Message.

_____ C. Effect.

_____ D. Noise.

1. Edward Hall called nonverbal communication which two of the following?

_____ A. Honest communication.

_____ B. Hidden dimension.

_____ C. Silent language.

_____ B. Primal communication.

1. Plato studied under which great teacher?

_____ A. Aristotle.

_____ B. Cicero.

_____ C. Socrates.

_____ D. Demosthenes.

1. Which philosopher said, “A man will like the friends of his friends  . . . and will like those who have the same enemies as he has”?

_____ A. Socrates.

_____ B. Cicero.

_____ C. Demosthenes.

_____ D. Aristotle.

1. Aristotle said young men have strong desires and lack control. They are governed by which of these?

_____ A. Intellectual longings.

_____ B. Sexual desires.

_____ C. Economic ambition.

_____ D. Spiritual quests.

1. Whereas young men are passionate and impetuous, the old are cynical and distrustful. At what age did Aristotle say a man is in his physical prime?

_____ A. 49 to 50.

_____ B. 30 to 35.

_____ C. 50 to 55.

_____ D. 25 to 30.

1. Wayne Brockriede used a metaphor to express the speaker–audience relationship. What kind of metaphor did he use to illustrate this point of view?

_____ A. Spiritual.

_____ B. Intellectual.

_____ C. Sexual.

_____ D. Medical.

1. A statement or assertion that a speaker needs to prove or support to convince an audience is called:

_____ A. An argument.

_____ B. A rant.

_____ C. A diatribe.

_____ D. A claim.

1. Walter Fisher created which of the following as one means to support an argument or to offer evidence?

_____ A. Aristotelian theory.

_____ B. Narrative theory.

_____ C. Dramatistic pentad.

_____ D. Elaboration likelihood model.

1. An example that is so familiar to the audience that they fill in the details to reach a conclusion is called:

_____ A. A syllogism.

_____ B. A conclusion.

_____ C. An enthymeme.

_____ D. Artistic proof.

1. Common forms of evidence include which of the following?

_____ A. Expert testimony.

_____ B. Statistics.

_____ C. Examples.

_____ D. Analogies.

1. The an acronym FOIA stands for:

_____ A. Fighters of Illegal Aliens.

_____ B. Freedom of International Associations.

_____ C. Freedom of Information Act.

_____ D. Foundation of Internal Affairs.

1. An argument that is flawed by inadequate evidence, erroneous reasoning, or improper expression is called:

_____ A. A fallacy.

_____ B. A qualifier.

_____ C. A justification.

_____ D. A conundrum.

1. An ad hominem fallacy is one that:

_____ A. Praises our human attributes.

_____ B. Uses personal attacks or character assassination.

_____ C. Implicates mammal traits.

_____ D. Involves name calling or labels.

1. Arguments intended to illicit pity are called:

_____ A. Ad populum.

_____ B. Ad misericordiam.

_____ C. Ad hominem.

_____ D. Ad absurdum.

1. The fallacy that means literally “it does not follow” is which of the following?

_____ A. Ad absurdum.

_____ B. A non sequitur.

_____ C. A dilemma.

_____ D. Ad populum.

1. A speaker should present a two-sided argument when:

_____ A. The audience is ill informed.

_____ B. The audience is knowledgeable on the subject.

_____ C. The time frame is sufficient to do so.

_____ D. The speaker can spin the other side’s view.

1. The primacy–recency effect claims that the most memorable part of any speech is:

_____ A. The middle.

_____ B. The end.

_____ C. The beginning.

_____ D. The beginning and the end.

1. Mehrabian claimed that 93 percent of a total message’s meaning is the result of nonverbal factors. Which of the following contribute to this meaning?

_____ A. Vocalics.

_____ B. Affect displays.

_____ C. Proxemics.

_____ D. Genetics.

1. Which of the following researchers attempted to construct an alphabet of nonverbal signs to analyze messages?

_____ A. Dale Leathers.

_____ B. Joseph DeVito.

_____ C. Ray Birdwhistell.

_____ D. Julius Fast.

1. The study of how humans use their personal space is called:

_____ A. Vocalics.

_____ B. Proxemics.

_____ C. Olfactics.

_____ D. Chronemics.

1. Which of the following are examples of territoriality?

_____ A. A dog spraying his tree in his yard.

_____ B. A student spreading books, backpack, and coat on a library table and chair.

_____ C. Dirty looks at someone who took your bar stool.

_____ D. Choosing the same chair in a classroom every day.

1. Which of the following are included in the nonverbal code of vocalics?

_____ A. Dress and makeup.

_____ B. Posture.

_____ C. Monotone.

_____ D. Dialect.

1. When we smell a cologne or perfume that reminds us of a former lover, we are pushed into this recall by which nonverbal code?

_____ A. Haptics.

_____ B. Olfactics.

_____ C. Affect displays.

_____ D. Kinesics.

1. The annoying habit that some people have of interjecting such sounds as “uh-uh,” “ah,” or “OK” frequently in their stream of speech is called:

_____ A. Vocal segregates.

_____ B. Verbal garbage.

_____ C. Verbal fillers.

_____ D. Verbal syncopation.

or Questions

1. The Phaedrus is a dialog about the duality of man that depicts the war between passion and reason.
2. The perfect age for the soul’s maturity according to Aristotle is 59.
3. According to Brockriede, the seducer is the perfect persuader because he or she acts bilaterally.
4. A hypothetical example can be used as a form of proof.
5. A good analogy is when you compare apples and oranges because they are both fruits.
6. Figures don’t lie, but liars figure.
7. The Pygmalion effect is the ability to conform to others’ expectations.
8. The ad populum fallacy is referred to as the bandwagon effect.
9. The indices of credibility were constructed to apply various tests to evidence to evaluate government, pressure groups, the press, and scholars.
10. James McCroskey defined evidence as something the speaker created to support a claim.
11. According to James McCroskey, reluctant testimony is not more valid than unbiased testimony.
12. Tony Schwartz believed that traditional rules of communication are flawed because we do not put messages into people’s heads, but evoke a responsive chord already in the receiver.
13. There are a series of “ad” fallacies, which means “to the people.”
14. An ad hominem argument is one that compliments the opponent.
15. Every working day across America, there are examples of argumentum ad misericordiam arguments offered to win the sympathy of jurors.
16. The post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy is a case of mistaken causal reasoning.
17. A slippery slope argument means that you reach your desired destination more rationally and easily.
18. Explicitly stated conclusions are more effective than those that an audience has to discern for themselves.
19. Two-sided arguments should always be offered to the audience.
20. Nonverbal communication means communication without words.
21. According to nonverbal communication theory, you communicate whether you intended to or not.
22. Emotions and feelings are not accurately revealed with nonverbal communication, but are better reflected with words.
23. Nonverbal communication that contradicts the verbal message is called a mixed message.
24. It is easier to weasel out of your nonverbal messages than your spoken words because of the ambiguity of the situation.
25. Affect displays or facial expressions are recognized across cultures.
26. Personal space is 8 to 10 feet.
27. Territoriality allows primates to occupy and defend their personal space.
28. Proxemics vary from culture to culture and are easily misunderstood.
29. Haptics is the nonverbal code that deals with appearance.
30. Friendship/warmth touching is problematic because it is often interpreted as having a sexual intention.
31. Verbal fillers are all right because they allow your head to catch up with your mouth.
32. Chronemics is a nonverbal code that addresses the abstract construct of time and timing.
33. Attractive people are accorded fewer perks in our society.
34. It is easier to control our body language than our words.
35. Staring is a sign of flirtation or confrontation.
36. Eye avoidance is often a sign of embarrassment or shame.
37. The best communication is when nonverbal communication reinforces the verbal message.
38. An individual may commit an unintentional fallacy through faulty reasoning or incomplete research.
39. Intentional fallacies result from outright lying, quoting out of context, or omitting key words from a sentence.
40. A deathbed confession would be an example of reluctant testimony.

Essay Questions

Please answer all parts of each question and be specific, offering examples or other evidence to support your answers.

1. Explain the Phaedrus allegory that Plato wrote about the dual nature of man.
2. Discuss Aristotle’s view of emotions by describing the three stages of men that he detailed.
3. Explain Wayne Brockriede’s sexual metaphor that describes the various types of speakers in his relationship model of arguers.
4. Describe and evaluate five different forms of evidence that can be used to support a claim.
5. Explain what a fallacy is and give examples of five different types of fallacies.
6. Explain McCroskey’s findings on evidence and the effect on attitude change.
7. Explain the primacy–recency effect and discuss the significance of this effect.
8. Define nonverbal communication and explain the functions of nonverbal communication.
9. Explain Edward Hall’s analysis of personal space called proxemics. Include the four distances and what kinds of activities occur in each.
10. Explain the nonverbal code of chronemics and include in your answer the notions of culture, technical definitions, and personal perceptions.