Test Bank Chapter 4 Regionalism And Political Cultures

CHAPTER 4

Regionalism and Political Cultures

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Western Canadians are often seen as being more ________ than Canadians in other parts of the country.
   1. left-wing
   2. right-wing
   3. socialist
   4. liberal
2. In general, political views in Atlantic Canada are ________ of government intervention in the economy.
   1. neutral
   2. not supportive
   3. supportive
   4. None of the above

1. ________ is the only officially bilingual province.
   1. Manitoba
   2. Quebec
   3. New Brunswick
   4. Ontario
2. Nationalism in Canada is most closely associated with which province and political party?
   1. Nova Scotia and the NDP
   2. Ontario and the Green Party
   3. Alberta and the United Conservative Party
   4. Quebec and the Bloc Québécois
3. What was the slogan of the Reform Party in 1987?
   1. “The East wants in”
   2. “The West wants out”
   3. “We Want the East out”
   4. None of the above
4. Sectionalism is an emotional connection with:
   1. one’s province, region, or area of residence
   2. the global community
   3. a particular political party
   4. one’s country of birth
5. What type of regionalism is typically associated with Ontario?
   1. nationalism
   2. sectionalism
   3. secessionism
   4. socialism

1. Which of the following is a political objective often associated with Western alienation?
   1. representation by population in national institutions
   2. asymmetrical federalism
   3. Senate reform
   4. distinct society
2. Which of the following is a political grievance typically associated with Atlantic Canada’s sectionalist view?
   1. marginalization
   2. the composition of the Senate
   3. dominance of English Canada
   4. federal unilateralism

1. Atlantic sectionalism has periodically manifested as which of the following?
   1. Calls for a formal Maritime Union.
   2. Calls for a distinct society clause similar to that of Quebec.
   3. Calls for complete separation from Canada.
   4. The formation of new federal political parties.
2. What is nationalism?
   1. A political ideology that advocates the least amount of state intervention in the lives of citizens.
   2. A society’s innate political characteristics, embodied in the structure of its institutions and the belief of its members.
   3. An allegiance or psychological connection to a territory or area with its own unique political characteristics.
   4. A unifying ideology among people who share a common homeland, ancestry, and language or culture.
3. Which of the following occurred during the mega-constitutional period?
   1. There were renewed calls to recognize Newfoundland and Labrador nationhood.
   2. Newfoundland nationalism increased in response to the growth of Western alienation.
   3. Western alienation grew in response to the successes of Quebec nationalism.
   4. A formal Maritime Union was created.
4. Throughout most of the first century of Confederation, Quebec’s unique political culture was illustrated by which of the following?
   1. Its inward-looking, protectionist brand of sectionalism.
   2. Its inward-looking, protectionist brand of secessionism.
   3. Its outward-looking, expansionist brand of sectionalism.
   4. None of the above

1. The ________ marked the dawn of a new era in Quebec’s political landscape, when it would begin to take active measures to strengthen its identity and position within Confederation.
   1. Night of the Long Knives
   2. Great Depression
   3. Quiet Revolution
   4. completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway
2. Which phrase is typically associated with Quebec’s desire to increase political and economic control over their own governmental affairs?
   1. Liberté, égalité, fraternité (Liberty, equality, fraternity)
   2. Je me souviens (I remember)
   3. Vive le Québec libre (Long live free Quebec)
   4. Maîtres chez nous (masters of our own house)
3. One branch of the nationalist movement in Quebec, which seeks greater autonomy for the provincial government within Confederation, is known as which of the following?
   1. Federalists
   2. Dominionists
   3. Separatists
   4. Sovereigntists
4. The separatist movement was marred by the radicalism of which terrorist group?
   1. Union Nationale
   2. Creditistes
   3. Front de Libération du Quebec
   4. None of the above
5. What was the proposed legal arrangement whereby Quebec would be politically independent but would maintain economic ties with Canada?
   1. Wexit
   2. sovereignty-association
   3. citizens-plus
   4. treaty federalism

1. In the ruling on the Secession reference (1998) the Supreme Court concluded which of the following?
   1. A province could not unilaterally secede under Canadian or international law.
   2. Parliament has the power to determine what constitutes a clear referendum question.
   3. The federal government would be obligated to enter into negotiations with any province should a clear majority of its electorate vote in favour of independence.
   4. All of the above
2. What was the objective of the Clarity Act (2000)?
   1. establish the federal government’s authority over oil and gas reserves in Western Canada
   2. set out the terms for the federal government to deal with a province proposing to secede
   3. resolve conflict with provincial governments in Atlantic Canada over off-shore oil and gas
   4. repeal the Act Respecting Constitutional Amendments
3. What historic motion did the House of Commons pass in 2006?
   1. “that the Québécois form a nation within a united Canada”
   2. “that Quebec constitutes a distinct society from the rest of Canada”
   3. “that Quebec, like all provinces, constitutes a distinct society within a united Canada”
   4. “that the Government of Canada supports sovereignty-association with Quebec”

1. What are Canadians whose dominant language is neither French nor English known as?
   1. Xylophones
   2. Allophones
   3. Anglophones
   4. Autrephones
2. Many advancements have been made with respect to the five demands articulated by Bourassa in the lead-up to the Meech Lake Accord. Most of these advancements have been made in a ________ fashion, meaning that the guarantees offered to Quebec were offered to other provinces as well.
   1. bipartisan
   2. asymmetrical
   3. symmetrical
   4. unilateral
3. When did Newfoundland join Confederation?
   1. 1867
   2. 1919
   3. 1949
   4. 1990
4. Which of the following factors have helped to sustain regionalism in Canada?
   1. it has been entrenched in the institutions of government
   2. it has been socialized through pop culture, family transmission, and formal education
   3. it has been routinely politicized by elected leaders
   4. all of the above
5. The Laurentian thesis suggests that:
   1. the economic dominance of Western Canada has instigated nationalist sentiments in Quebec
   2. Atlantic Canada’s marginalization has spawned Western alienation
   3. perceptions of central Canadian dominance have ignited resentment in peripheral regions
   4. Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier’s national policy divided the country into four regions
6. Which province has the most comprehensive public daycare system?
   1. Alberta
   2. Saskatchewan
   3. Quebec
   4. Newfoundland and Labrador

1. Which of the following was a key demand in Quebec’s Quiet Revolution?
   1. increased federal government spending in Quebec
   2. more local political and economic control for French Canadians
   3. full control over immigration policy
   4. an end to British troops in Quebec
2. Which factors have been identified as laying the foundation of regionalism in Canada?
   1. settlement patterns, formative events, and economic staples
   2. gender, ethnicity, class
   3. climate change, income inequality, settler colonialism
   4. globalization, postmodernism, postmaterialism
3. What is the process through which regionalism is passed from generation to generation and from residents to newcomers?
   1. institutionalization
   2. the Laurentian thesis
   3. the tory touch
   4. socialization
4. Which province’s political culture is defined as the pursuit of economic success, the recognition of preeminence within Canada, managerial efficiency, and a respect for diversity of interests?
   1. Quebec
   2. Ontario
   3. Alberta
   4. British Columbia
5. Which province’s political culture is defined by constant struggles with the federal government, a tendency toward populist politics, and the power of symbolic conservatism?
   1. Quebec
   2. New Brunswick
   3. Alberta
   4. Newfoundland and Labrador
6. What is a political movement that seeks to reduce elite authority over ordinary people and often led by a charismatic figure?
   1. alienation
   2. populism
   3. pluralism
   4. nationalism
7. What is Turtle Island?
   1. the island off the Atlantic Coast of Canada still controlled by the French Crown
   2. a name used by some Indigenous communities to describe what settlers call North America
   3. the northernmost island in the Canadian-controlled arctic
   4. None of the above
8. Which of the following is not associated with regionalism?
   1. a psychological connection to a territory
   2. a form of geographic identity
   3. a belief in the power of government to solve problems
   4. a shared sense of purpose among people of a particular place
9. Which of the following statements is not correct?
   1. Political culture is the common set of values underpinning a political system.
   2. Political culture is embodied in a society’s political institutions.
   3. Many scholars treat Canada as comprising multiple political cultures.
   4. Political cultures exist only at the provincial level in Canada.
10. Which region’s political culture is defined at times by a left-right ideological divide and a cleavage between federalist and nationalist forces?
    1. British Columbia
    2. Alberta
    3. Quebec
    4. Newfoundland and Labrador
11. Which region’s political culture is described as having “centrist tendencies grounded in the very concepts of modesty and moderation that make up its ‘middleman’ image”?
    1. Prince Edward Island
    2. Cosmopolitan Quebec
    3. Manitoba
    4. The Manufacturing Belt
12. The federal public service routinely groups provinces together into regions to assist with:
    1. the distribution of funding
    2. the delivery of public services
    3. the development of public policy
    4. All of the above
13. In general, most Canadians outside Quebec:
    1. feel a stronger attachment to Canada than their home province
    2. feel a stronger attachment to their home province than their local community
    3. feel a stronger attachment to Canada than their local community
    4. All of the above
14. What role do politicians play in perpetuating regionalism in Canada?
    1. They demand more political power for provincial governments.
    2. They stoke citizens’ feelings of political and economic inferiority.
    3. They use populism to challenge the authority of elites in Ottawa.
    4. All of the above
15. Which of the following is an example of sectionalism in Canada?
    1. politicians call for a province to become an independent country
    2. a provincial government defines its people as unique in terms of their ethno-cultural history
    3. a provincial government calls for more influence in federal government appointments
    4. a premier criticizes another premier of a different political party
16. Which of the following is an example of nationalism in Canada?
    1. an Indigenous leader calls for a one-on-one meeting with the governor general
    2. a new political party emerges to push for a redistribution of Senate seats
    3. a provincial government schedules a referendum on sovereignty
    4. the federal government unilaterally changes the lyrics to the national anthem
17. Which of the following is an example of secessionism in Canada?
    1. premiers call for the federal government to stop meddling in education policy
    2. a provincial government makes a universal declaration of independence
    3. an Indigenous leader boycotts an annual meeting with premiers
    4. a group of premiers launches an advertising campaign to bring attention to climate change
18. Which metaphor figures prominently in political cartoons about western alienation?
    1. the tortoise and the hare
    2. the horse and the cart
    3. the milch cow and the farmers
    4. the chicken and the egg
19. In general, ________ has been the dominant form of regionalism in Western Canada.
    1. socialism
    2. sectionalism
    3. secessionism
    4. nationalism
20. The most appropriate term for pride in being Canadian is:
    1. populism
    2. patriotism
    3. nationalism
    4. sectionalism
21. Those who support more autonomy for Quebec, but who shy away from full independence, are:
    1. hard nationalists
    2. radical nationalists
    3. soft nationalists
    4. blue nationalists
22. Historically, Canada has faced its greatest threats to national unity when:
    1. the NDP is in power in Alberta
    2. the Parti Quebecois is in power in Quebec
    3. the same party is in power in Quebec and Ottawa
    4. two right-wing parties merge
23. ______ settlers helped establish Alberta’s ______ political culture in the early twentieth century.
    1. British; tory touched
    2. Russian; communist
    3. Chinese; Maoist
    4. American; liberal-populist

True or False Questions

1. Regionalism means the same thing to Canadians across the country.
2. Regionalism was once a defining feature of Canadian politics, but is no longer among the most salient and enduring characteristics of our political landscape.

1. Alberta is the second most populous Prairie province.
2. More than 4 out of 5 Canadians live in Ontario.
3. More than three-quarters of Quebecers speak neither French nor English as their first language.

1. The Yukon is the most populous of the territories.
2. The federal government uses a single set of categories to define and identify the different regions in Canada.

1. Historically, Ontario-based regionalism has been among the weakest in Canada, with most Ontarians identifying themselves as part of the broader Canadian community.

1. Nationalism tends to involve invented traditions, exaggerated grievances, and an ignorance of self-culpabilities.
2. During the Quebec referendum in 1980, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau vowed to deny Quebec a renewed place within Confederation, in order to keep Quebec nationalists in their place.
3. One of the reasons regionalism endures as a factor in Canadian politics is because it is continually politicized by Canadian politicians.
4. Regionalism has become increasingly portrayed through an urban-suburban-rural lens.

1. City dwellers tend to be more conservative in their political leanings than people living in rural areas.
2. Western alienation is a new aspect of regionalism in Canada, emerging as a reaction to climate change activism in the early 2010s.
3. Federalists seek greater autonomy from the Quebec government within Confederation, while sovereigntists desire independence from Canada.
4. Nova Scotia maintains a polarized political culture that is defined, at times, by a left-right ideological divide and a cleavage between federalist and nationalist forces.
5. Western Canada is generally viewed as more right-wing than Eastern Canada.
6. British Columbia’s political culture is best described as traditionalist.
7. Federal political parties are moving away from approaching Canada primarily as a collection of distinct provincial regions.
8. Atlantic Canada consists of the three Maritime Provinces plus Newfoundland and Labrador.
9. Western alienation began with the establishment of the National Energy Program in 1980.
10. Calls for devolution by Northern premiers are a form of secessionism.
11. Sectionalism has existed in Ontario.
12. Canada is a multi-national state.
13. Separatist sentiments have always been stronger in Quebec than in other parts of Canada.
14. Since its entry into Confederation, the dominant form of regionalism in Quebec has been an outward-looking, expansionist brand of secessionism.
15. The “non” side won a larger proportion of the votes in the 1995 Quebec Referendum compared to the 1980 Quebec Referendum.
16. The federal government has officially recognized the Quebecois as a nation within Canada.
17. Since the failure of the Charlottetown Accord, the federal government has entirely ignored the grievances underlying Premier Bourassa’s list of five demands.
18. The Laurentian thesis helps to explain alienation in Western and Atlantic Canada.

Short Answer Questions

1. As one of the three general strains of mainstream Canadian regionalism, how is sectionalism demonstrated in Canada?
2. Explain the relationship between regionalism and populism.
3. How is nationalism manifested in Canada?
4. What is secessionism and what tends to contribute to its rise?
5. What was Prime Minister Harper’s Quebec nation motion?
6. Identify and provide evidence of the progress that has been made on Premier Robert Bourassa’s five conditions for constitutional renewal.
7. What role do geography and demography play in shaping and sustaining Canadian regionalism?
8. Explain the source of regional tensions between Quebec and Newfoundland.
9. What is the Laurentian thesis and what are its enduring impacts?
10. How is regionalism institutionalized in Canada?

1. What are the differences between sectionalism, nationalism, and secessionism?
2. How do regional political leaders attempt to gain greater influence, and what effect does this have on national unity?
3. “Canada is both a multicultural and a multi-national state.” What does this mean?
4. What is the difference between hard and soft nationalism?
5. What is the Clarity Act, and what was Quebec’s response to it?
6. In what ways has the recognition of Quebec as a distinct society advanced since 1985?
7. Provide separate examples of how regionalism has become institutionalized, socialized, and politicized in Canadian politics.
8. Identify and explain the roots of regional animosity between any pair of regions in Canada.

1. Identify three factors that laid the foundations of Canada’s various regional political cultures.
2. Aside from using provincial borders, identify two alternative means of defining regional boundaries in Canada.

Essay Questions

1. Is there such a thing as a Canadian nation-state or a Canadian nationality?

1. Compare the grievances at the heart of Western alienation with those underpinning regionalism in Quebec.
2. As the authors of the textbook ask, “if Canadians are so divided, what holds them together?”
3. What explains the persistence of regionalism throughout Canadian history?
4. Explain the relationship between Indigenous nationalism and other forms of regionalism in Canada.