Test Bank Chapter 4 Additional Biomechanical Principles

Chapter 4. Additional Biomechanical Principles

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following definitions BEST describes inertia?

A. An object’s resistance to change in direction or speed

B. Describes the speed and direction of movement

C. Rate at which an object’s velocity changes over time

D. Energy of an object related to its position

REF: 76, 77

OBJ: 4.1

KEY: inertia

2. Which of the following definitions BEST describes linear acceleration?

A. An object’s resistance to change in direction or speed

B. Describes the speed and direction of movement

C. Rate at which an object’s velocity changes over time

D. Energy of an object related to its position

REF: 76, 77

OBJ: 4.1, 4.3

KEY: acceleration

3. Which of the following definitions BEST describes velocity?

A. An object’s resistance to change in direction or speed

B. Describes the speed and direction of movement

C. Rate at which an object’s velocity changes over time

D. Energy of an object related to its position

REF: 76, 77

OBJ: 4.1

KEY: velocity

4. A person propelling a wheelchair wants to accelerate the chair. What factor(s) must change for this to happen?

A. Force moving wheelchair will remain the same as mass in chair remains the same

B. Increase mass in wheelchair while using the same force to propel chair

C. Increase force moving wheelchair as mass in chair remains the same

D. Decrease mass in wheelchair and force used to propel chair

REF: 78–80

OBJ: 4.5

KEY: mass, force, acceleration

5. Which type of motion is related to the moment of inertia?

A. All motion

B. Curvilinear

C. Linear

D. Rotary

REF: 76–79

OBJ: 4.4

KEY: moment of inertia

6. Where is the BEST location to place a cuff weight on the lower leg to have the greatest moment of inertia for the knee joint to extend?

A. At the ankle

B. 4 inches below the knee axis at midsection of lower leg

C. 2 inches below the knee axis

D. At the knee joint axis

REF: 76–79

OBJ: 4.4

KEY: moment of inertia

7. Which of the following situations is MOST LIKELY to have the GREATEST amount of ground reaction force on the legs during walking?

A. Body weight of 120 lb

B. Body weight is not a factor in ground reaction forces

C. Body weight of 160 lb

D. Body weight of 200 lb

REF: 80

OBJ: 4.6

KEY: ground reaction forces

8. An athlete is preparing to perform a vertical jump. What part of the jump represents the position of the MOST potential energy in the legs to perform this activity?

A. Semisquat before feet leave the ground

B. As feet leave the ground for the jump

C. At maximal vertical height of the jump

D. As the toes touch the ground as jump is initially landing

REF: 80–81

OBJ: 4.7

KEY: potential and kinetic energy

9. For a specific amount of work done by the legs when moving from a sitting to standing position, which of the following factors needs to occur to increase the power of the legs during this activity?

A. Increase both work done and time needed to move by same percentage

B. Increase the time needed to move from sit to stand

C. Decrease both work done and time needed to move by same percentage

D. Decrease the time needed to move from sit to stand

REF: 81

OBJ: 4.8

KEY: power

10. Which of the following definitions BEST describes first-class levers?

A. Designed to produce power, effort moment arm greater than resistance arm

B. Designed to produce range of motion and speed

C. Designed for balance, axis between effort force and resistance force

D. Designed to produce work, resistance moment arm greater than effort arm

REF: 82–83

OBJ: 4.9

KEY: lever systems

11. What type of lever system is represented at the forefoot when a person lifts the heels off the ground in a standing position?

A. First-class

B. Second-class

C. Third-class

D. Fourth-class

REF: 82–83

OBJ: 4.9

KEY: lever systems

12. What type of lever system is represented by the small deltoid muscle as it raises the arm from 0° to 170° of shoulder flexion?

A. First-class

B. Second-class

C. Third-class

D. Fourth-class

REF: 82–83

OBJ: 4.9

KEY: lever systems

13. Which of the following definitions BEST describes second-class levers?

A. Designed to produce power, effort moment arm greater than resistance arm

B. Designed to produce range of motion and speed

C. Designed for balance, axis between effort force and resistance force

D. Designed to produce work, resistance moment arm greater than effort arm

REF: 82–83

OBJ: 4.9

KEY: lever systems

14. Which of the following definitions BEST describes third-class levers?

A. Designed to produce power, effort moment arm greater than resistance arm

B. Designed to produce range of motion and speed

C. Designed for balance, axis between effort force and resistance force

D. Designed to produce work, resistance moment arm greater than effort arm

REF: 82–83

OBJ: 4.9

KEY: lever systems

15. Which of the following factors determines that a muscle can produce a smaller effort and be more efficient for a given workload?

A. Resistance arm is considered, but not effort arm

B. Effort arm is less than resistant arm

C. Resistant arm and effort arm are equal

D. Effort arm is greater than resistant arm

REF: 84–85

OBJ: 4.10

KEY: mechanical advantage

16. What type of lever system is depicted in the image?

A. First-class

B. Second-class

C. Third-class

D. Fourth-class

REF: 82–83

OBJ: 4.9

KEY: lever systems

17. How does the patella act as an anatomical pulley to increase the efficiency of the quadriceps muscle?

A. Increases the moment arm of the muscle

B. Increases the resistance moment arm

C. Decreases the moment arm of the muscle

D. Decreases the resistance moment arm

REF: 85

OBJ: 4.11

KEY: anatomical pulleys