Test Bank Chapter 14 Sexual Behaviours And Relationships

Chapter 14 : Sexual Behaviours and Relationships

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 01

1. What features of sexual activity do the most heterosexual Canadians agree are necessary criteria if an encounter is to be defined as "having sex"?

a) penile penetration of any orifice

b) penile penetration of the vagina

c) penile penetration of the vagina resulting in orgasm

d) mutual genital stimulation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 02

2. What is the most significant health benefit of sex educators teaching a very broad definition of "having sex"?

a) It will reduce the likelihood of unintended pregnancy.

b) It will reduce the likelihood of the spread of sexually transmitted infections through sexual activity other than penile-vaginal intercourse.

c) It will reduce the number of young people who want to consider themselves virgins from engaging in oral or manual sexual activity.

d) It will encourage people to explore more sexual options than penile-vaginal intercourse.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 03

3. One-quarter of students identify which of the following as "having sex"?

a) kissing

b) masturbating

c) oral contact with the partner's genitals

d) touching the partner's genitals

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 04

4. Which of the following has NOT been linked to a later age of first intercourse?

a) having an older partner

b) positive emotional connection with family members

c) academic achievement and participation

d) greater parental control

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 05

5. You work for a blood donation clinic and screen potential donors for risks of infectious diseases. Your donor questionnaire asks, "In the past 12 months, have you had sex with a person who has hepatitis?" You are screening a 19-year old female. What should you keep in mind when analyzing her answer to this question?

a) Many young people don't consider oral-genital stimulation as having sex, so she may not report it even though she could have gotten infected that way.

b) Many young people tend not to report sexual activity during which they used a condom since they assume there could have been no infection anyway.

c) Females are generally ashamed of their sexual activity and tend to underreport it, so she might choose not to disclose a potentially risky contact.

d) both B and C

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 06

6. Joanne is a new mother and she worries about how to bring up her daughter in this increasingly sexualized world so that her daughter doesn't start having sex too early. How can Joanne try to achieve this?

a) She can ensure that her daughter has positive emotional connections with her family.

b) She can be open and positive about teenage sex and contraceptive use.

c) She can make sure that her household is religion-free.

d) both A and B

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 07

7. At a Thanksgiving dinner you're asked how school is going, and you say you're taking a sexuality course. Later that night, your 14-year-old cousin wants to have a talk. He confesses he's still a virgin and doesn't have a girlfriend, and wants to know if that's normal and if he should just sleep with anyone to lose his virginity. What advice can you give him?

a) It's fine to be a virgin at 14. In fact, more than 50 per cent of people are still virgins in Grade 11.

b) People have a more positive experience of losing virginity with someone in a close rather than casual relationship, so it's better to wait and do it with someone you care about.

c) Men report more pleasure than women the first time, since women may feel pain, so when the time comes, think of your girlfriend's experience as much as your own.

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 08

8. Which of the following has been linked to the choice to have sex at an earlier age?

a) parental disapproval

b) controlling parental behaviour

c) prior unwanted sexual contact

d) having a younger partner

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 09

9. Which of the following has been linked to the choice to have sex at a later age?

a) academic achievement

b) having an older partner

c) prior unwanted sexual contact

d) substance use with friends

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 10

10. What percentage of female university students in a Canadian study reported having an orgasm during their first intercourse?

a) 46 per cent

b) 76 per cent

c) 6 per cent

d) 26 per cent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 11

11. What percentage of male university students in a Canadian study reported having an orgasm during their first intercourse?

a) 2 per cent

b) 62 per cent

c) 92 per cent

d) 22 per cent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 12

12. Which of the following has NOT been linked to an earlier age of first intercourse?

a) parental disapproval of early sex and contraceptive use

b) peer pressure to have sex

c) substance use with friends

d) prior experience of unwanted sexual contact

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 13

13. Your friend Jessica has just had her first intercourse, but she didn't feel pain or bleed, so she's wondering if something's wrong with her anatomy and asks your opinion.

a) Nothing's wrong. She could have broken the hymen with a tampon or even by working out hard.

b) Nothing's wrong. In fact, only about 30 per cent of women are born with a hymen, so she was probably in the majority born without it.

c) Something's not right. In studies, 89 per cent of women report substantial pain and bleeding at first intercourse, so maybe she's lying to you about being a virgin.

d) both A and B

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 14

14. Which of the following is a possible ethical problem associated with hymen reconstruction surgery?

a) It perpetuates discriminatory practices.

b) It is often associated with guilty feelings for women who have had it.

c) It can cause problems during future childbirth.

d) It is done in order to deceive other people.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 15

15. Sven and Nira are very intoxicated and engaging in foreplay. Sven asks Nira if she wants to have sex and Nira slurs "yes." Based on how much consent Nira has given, should Sven proceed?

a) Yes, all aspects of free consent have been met.

b) No, only one aspect of consent has been met in this scenario.

c) No, only two aspects of consent have been met in this scenario.

d) No, no consent has been given in this scenario.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 16

16. Saga had sex with Mark even though she didn't really want to. Mark didn't force her; she did it to make him happy. Which of the following took place in this situation?

a) sexual compliance

b) sexual coercion

c) sexual assault

d) sexual deviation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 17

17. Approximately what proportion of people report having completed sexual acts they didn't really want to complete at some point in their lives?

a) Very few people report being sexually compliant on at least one occasion.

b) One quarter of people report being sexually compliant on at least one occasion.

c) Half of people report being sexually compliant on at least one occasion.

d) The majority of people report being sexually compliant on at least one occasion.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 18

18. Which of the following is a common reason why people participate in sexual acts they don't wish to consent to?

a) promoting intimacy

b) substance use

c) threats by partner

d) peer pressure

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 19

19. Sexual compliance happens most often in which situation?

a) in casual sexual relationships

b) when a male threatens a female he knows with violence if sex does not occur

c) in longer-term sexual relationships

d) when a male stranger attacks a female he does not know

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 20

20. Alana and Marko just engaged in sexual activity for the first time. What is most likely true about the extent to which Alana and Marko followed the traditional sexual script?

a) Alana and Marko followed the traditional sexual script almost exactly.

b) It is unlikely that Alana and Marko followed the traditional sexual script at all as it has become very outdated in the twenty-first century.

c) The traditional sexual script is varied, so Alana and Marko likely followed some aspects of the script but not others.

d) The traditional sexual script is varied, so it is impossible to know whether Alana and Marko adhered to all aspects or no aspects of the script.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 21

21. Tabitha is in her early twenties and was discussing with her close friends the first time she had sex. Though their experiences varied, Tabitha recalled a positive emotional reaction to her first sexual experience. What type of relationship was she most likely in during her first sexual encounter?

a) close/committed relationship

b) casual sexual relationship

c) friends with benefits

d) no-strings attached (NSA)

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 22

22. What is the most common method for giving sexual consent?

a) non-verbal communication

b) verbal communication

c) sexual signalling

d) text messaging

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 23

23. Which of the following are reasons people in committed relationships give for sexual compliance?

a) making one's partner happy

b) promoting intimacy

c) avoiding relationship conflict

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 24

24. You are a counsellor at a university that recently had a big campaign about consent. Robert, a first-year student, comes to you concerned that he might have abused a classmate. They had been flirting for several weeks, and at a house party last night they were making out. They were tipsy but not drunk. He asked if she wanted to sleep with him, she said "Very much," and they had sex. This morning, however, she texted him "I totally said yes, I know, but I didn't really want it THAT much. Let's stay friends." You advise him that this was a case of ________ and ________.

a) sexual compliance; he followed the rules of obtaining consent, so it was not abuse

b) sexual compliance; it was abuse because he didn't follow the rules of obtaining consent

c) abuse; he should have made it clear that he meant a sexual intercourse by "sleeping"

d) abuse; he shouldn't have proposed sex to a girl who was already tipsy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 25

25. The fact that you're taking a course on sexuality is a big conversation starter whenever you go out with friends. This time someone asks you, "So what's the most vanilla way that people have sex?" You reply, "Well, there's this thing called ________ and it involves ________."

a) the traditional sexual script; kissing, then touching, then intercourse, then usually orgasm

b) the traditional sexual script; kissing, then oral sex, then intercourse, then usually orgasm

c) the common sexual script; kissing, then touching, then intercourse, then usually orgasm

d) the common sexual script; kissing, then oral sex, then intercourse, then usually orgasm

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 26

26. Taylor has recently been fantasizing about sex with multiple people other than his partner. In these fantasies, there are sometimes male and females. Taylor revealed his fantasies to his partner recently. His partner should react __________.

a) normally, recognizing that it is not abnormal for people to fantasize about sex with someone other than their primary partner, or sex with both male and female partners

b) with worry, and he should ask Taylor to seek counselling because he may be confused about his sexual orientation

c) by immediately asking him to indulge all of his fantasies

d) by breaking up with him because fantasies will ultimately lead to infidelity

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 27

27. Rather than being indicative of activities individuals intend to pursue in real life, fantasies may be one way that people explore sexual desires and adapt sexual scripts. Which of the following characteristics allows for fantasies to do this?

a) privacy

b) freedom

c) imagination

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 28

28. Tim and Lesia are not a couple, but they often engage in casual sex. At what level does their sexual script develop?

a) spiritual

b) individual

c) emotional

d) national

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 29

29. Canadian research has found that engaging in more frequent sexual fantasy is associated with all of the following EXCEPT __________.

a) more positive emotions

b) higher expectations about one's partner's sexual performance

c) greater sexual satisfaction

d) a greater number of sexual partners

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 30

30. According to the research on sexual fantasy, there are many similarities in men and women's fantasies. What is the main difference?

a) More men than women fantasized about anonymous or impersonal sex, and more women than men fantasized about affectionate or foreplay activities.

b) More women than men fantasized about anonymous or impersonal sex, and more men than women fantasized about affectionate or foreplay activities.

c) Men and women fantasized equally about anonymous or impersonal sex as well as about affectionate or foreplay activities.

d) Neither men nor women fantasized about anonymous or impersonal sex as well as about affectionate or foreplay activities.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 31

31. Research has found evidence that men masturbate more than women. This finding is especially true in countries where there is a greater gender inequality. What is the best explanation for the difference in masturbatory patterns?

a) Sexual double standards criticize women for sexual activity but not men.

b) Women have low sex drives.

c) Masturbation is not as pleasurable for women as for men.

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 32

32. In countries where the rights of men and women are more similar, the rates of masturbatory activity are more similar. What do some researchers conclude from this finding?

a) Masturbation rates in women are related to how much time women are allowed to be alone.

b) Masturbation rates in women are related to the amount of domestic responsibility a person has.

c) Masturbation rates in women are related to the amount of power they have in their culture.

d) Masturbation rates in women are related to the amount of money a woman earns for her household.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 33

33. You are a sex therapist. A woman in her twenties comes to you with a problem of never having had an orgasm although she's been having sex with her husband for two years. You soon find out she has never masturbated because masturbation was considered extremely immoral in her Catholic family. What can you tell her about masturbation?

a) Masturbation can help her become more comfortable with her genitals.

b) Masturbation can help her learn about her sexual response and preferences.

c) Masturbation can interfere with achieving vaginal orgasm, which is the point of sexual intercourse.

d) both A and B

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 34

34. Cynthia was married to a man before she came out as lesbian. She now likes to joke that every woman who complains that she doesn't get enough foreplay should turn gay because she (Cynthia) is now getting all of it and it's so good. Aside from the fact that "turning gay" is a joke, does she have a point about "foreplay"?

a) Studies suggest that same-sex couples spend more time on sensual touching, and it is more satisfying compared to heterosexual couples.

b) Studies suggest that although same-sex couples spend more time on sensual touching, it is not as satisfying compared to heterosexual couples.

c) Studies suggest that same-sex couples spend less time on sensual touching, but it is more intense and satisfying compared to heterosexual couples.

d) Studies suggest that although heterosexual couples spend less time on sensual touching, it is more intense and satisfying compared to same-sex couples.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 35

35. Both men and women report a desire to engage in more __________ during sexual encounters but follow the traditional sexual script instead.

a) kissing

b) touching

c) oral sex

d) intercourse

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 36

36. What term is used to describe the sexual practice in which partners (clothed or not) rub or thrust their genitals against any part of the other person's body?

a) frottage

b) cunnilingus

c) interfemoral intercourse

d) fellatio

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 37

37. Despite often being listed as part of the traditional sexual script (TSS), which of the following is appropriately labelled as a sexual response?

a) orgasm

b) foreplay

c) oral sex

d) cuddling

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 38

38. Which of the following is a problem with making orgasm the goal of intercourse in traditional sexual scripts?

a) It may increase performance anxiety and interfere with sexual arousal and orgasm.

b) It may be a problem for individuals who do not regularly achieve orgasm during partnered sexual experiences.

c) It may lead some to believe that they have a sexual dysfunction if they do not orgasm following intercourse.

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 39

39. Which of the following is one common element in the traditional sexual script that is not actually a sexual behaviour?

a) orgasm

b) arousal

c) kissing

d) touching

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 40

40. You are a sex therapist. A man comes to you with a concern that while he achieves orgasm during vaginal penetration, his wife doesn't. He asks what is wrong with him or his wife. What can you tell him?

a) If she achieves orgasm through stimulation of the clitoris, she is just like the vast majority of women. Vaginal-penetration orgasm is by far not the norm.

b) Treating orgasm during coitus as the indicator of sexual functioning may cause his wife's anxiety to perform instead of enjoying the intimate contact.

c) Coitus followed by orgasm is just a social script, and there is no objective reason to abide by it. Achieving orgasm by oral or manual stimulation can also count as a satisfying sex life.

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 41

41. You're at your best friend's wedding and you're having a little heart-to-heart with her. She and her partner are very happy in bed right now, but she's concerned how to keep the satisfaction high as the years go by. What can you tell her about sexual satisfaction in a long-term relationship?

a) Research suggests that they'll be most satisfied if they incorporate both partners' sexual preferences into their love-making in such a way that maximizes pleasure and minimizes displeasure for both.

b) Research suggests that they'll be most satisfied if they constantly bring new elements into their love-making to stave off boredom in the bedroom for as long as possible.

c) Research suggests that they'll be most satisfied if they constantly switch roles in their love-making in such a way that one time they focus on one partner's pleasure and the other time on the other partner's pleasure.

d) Research suggests that they'll be most satisfied if they have the same work schedules, no sexual problems, frequent orgasms, and good communication.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 42

42. Which of the following is true about the correlation between sexual satisfaction and sexual problems?

a) Fewer sexual problems leads to greater sexual satisfaction.

b) More sexual problems leads to greater sexual satisfaction.

c) Sexual problems are not predictive of sexual satisfaction.

d) People who are satisfied sexually do not have sexual problems.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 43

43. According to the interpersonal exchange model of sexual satisfaction, when is sexual satisfaction greatest?

a) when there are more sexual rewards than costs

b) when there is neither a sexual reward nor a cost

c) when there are both sexual rewards and costs

d) when there are more sexual costs than rewards

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 44

44. Lawrance and Byers define which of the following terms as "an effective response arising from one's subjective evaluation of the positive and negative dimensions associated with one's sexual relationship"?

a) sexual functioning

b) sexual exchange

c) sexual satisfaction

d) sexual reward

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 45

45. Members of which of the following group reports less use of sex toys and more focus on orgasm?

a) heterosexual women

b) lesbian women

c) gay and bisexual men

d) heterosexual men

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 46

46. Research has shown men masturbate more and use more explicit sexual materials than women do. Which of the following is a good explanation for this difference?

a) There may be a reporting bias because of the sexual double standard.

b) More pornographic material is marketed to men.

c) Men have easier access to pornographic material.

d) It is easier for men to masturbate.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 47

47. When comparing sexual preferences between men and women from the same culture, what do researchers find?

a) There is more variability within sexes than between sexes in all cultures.

b) There is more variability within sexes than between sexes in cultures where there is more gender equality.

c) There is more variability between sexes than within sexes in all cultures.

d) There is more variability between sexes than within sexes in cultures where there is less gender equality.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 48

48. According to Byers and MacNeil, men and women in long-term relationships are most sexually satisfied when __________.

a) their own sexual costs exceed rewards

b) their own sexual rewards exceed costs

c) their partner's sexual costs exceed rewards

d) their partner's sexual rewards exceed costs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 49

49. Tony and Judy are getting married this summer. They love each other very much and are willing to support one another in every situation. They want to cherish their relationship and not have sex at all before the wedding night. Judy has heard, however, that people must be "sexually compatible" to have a happy relationship, and she's afraid to find out too late that she and Tony don't match. She asks your advice.

a) Judy can tell Tony about her concerns and start a conversation about their sexual preferences. If they talk openly, they can negotiate potential differences without having sex before the wedding and continue the communication afterwards.

b) She should start sleeping with Tony and seriously consider the wedding if it turns out that he likes having sex more often than she does.

c) She knows how often and how long a typical man has sex, so she should consider that before deciding if she wants to marry Tony.

d) Judy can tell Tony about her concerns and start a conversation about their sexual preferences. If they find out that their sexual preferences differ, they should seriously consider the marriage as they risk conflict and dissatisfaction.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 50

50. Tyler completes a questionnaire on a dating website detailing his exact sexual preferences, including how often he likes to have sex and the sexual behaviours he prefers. Tyler is matched with Chloe, who is, apparently, a perfect match. What is the likelihood that Tyler and Chloe will have a sexually satisfying relationship?

a) unlikely

b) somewhat likely

c) very likely

d) almost certainly

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 51

51. In general, it seems that partners sharing the same sexual preferences is only one of the factors contributing to greater sexual satisfaction among couples, meaning that it is unlikely that people develop sexually satisfying relationships simply by finding partners with sexual preferences that are exactly the same as their own. Given this supposition, what is the best way for partners to successfully navigate differences in their sexual preferences, maximizing sexual rewards and minimizing sexual costs?

a) self-disclosure and communication

b) finding sexual outlets outside the relationship

c) hiding one's true desires and beliefs for the sake of the relationship

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 52

52. Which of the following is a reason people may introduce sex toys into their sexual repertoire?

a) therapeutic reasons

b) to enhance or "spice up" their sexual practices

c) to enhance sexual pleasure

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 53

53. Wendy has been asked to tell a researcher what she predicts her partner will report as his preferences for duration of foreplay and duration of intercourse. What can be predicted the researcher will find?

a) Wendy will be good at predicting what her partner wants if they are in a long-term relationship

b) Wendy will predict preferences similar to her own preferences, but those will be inaccurate.

c) Wendy will predict preferences similar to her own preferences and they will be accurate.

d) Wendy will predict preferences based on her own stereotypes, not on what her partner has told her.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 54

54. Over drinks at a pub, your friend Rick confides in you that his wife doesn't enjoy regular intercourse very much and he would like to use some sex toys to give her more pleasure during penetration. They're a rather conservative couple and like to stick to basics. What would you recommend to Rick?

a) a vibrator to stimulate the clitoris

b) a penis extender to stimulate the cervix

c) a penis pump to stimulate the clitoris

d) beads to stimulate the anus

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 55

55. Why do many non-heterosexual youth delay dating during adolescence?

a) They could face repercussions in heterosexist and homophobic societies.

b) They are developmentally less suited for early dating.

c) Rarely are non-heterosexual youth aware of their sexual/affectional orientation difference at this age.

d) Media depictions of same-sex relationships encourage youth to delay early dating experiences.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 56

56. How do SGD individuals typically deal with dating in adolescence?

a) The majority date same-sex partners with few problems.

b) The majority date same-sex partners and face bullying and discrimination.

c) The majority date opposite-sex partners or don't date during adolescence, even though they know they are SGD, for fear of bullying or discrimination.

d) The majority are unaware of their same-sex attraction during adolescence and date opposite-sex partners, unaware that they will realize later that they are SGD.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 57

57. Agnieszka has two choices for a new man to start dating. One is Leonel who was "matched" to her personality on an online dating website. The other is a friend, Marco, with whom she is able to communicate easily and resolve conflicts quickly. Who should Agnieszka try dating and why?

a) Agnieszka should try dating Leonel because online personality matches have been proven as the reason why relationships that begin online are so successful.

b) Agnieszka should try dating Leonel because if she was going to have a successful relationship with Marco it would have happened by now.

c) Agnieszka should try dating Leonel because couples who meet online are more motivated to make relationships work and thus the relationship is more likely to be successful.

d) Agnieszka should try dating Marco because open communication and good conflict resolution have been found to be at the core of successful relationships.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 58

58. Among heterosexual two-person couples, what is the trend in rates of marriage in Canada?

a) declining

b) increasing

c) stable

d) fluctuating

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 59

59. Your friend Gillian wants to have a boyfriend, but she's rather shy, and most of the students in her major at university are female, so she doesn't get to meet many men in her daily life. You suggest online dating, but Gillian thinks online dating is good only for one-night stands, and she wants a serious relationship. What do the studies say about it?

a) One study found that the majority of relationships that started online were relatively stable two years later.

b) Surveys conducted for Match.com found that over a third of the couples married in the three years before the survey had met online.

c) Surveys conducted for Tinder found that only 5 per cent of people who met online were in a long-term relationship two years later.

d) none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 60

60. You have been dating your partner for two years and think it's time to move in together instead of renting two apartments. Your parents argue that you should consider getting married if you are serious about your relationship. You tell them that in this day and age you have a better chance of staying together without marriage. Whose position does research support?

a) Cohabitating relationships tend to be less stable than marriage, and marriage is more likely to end when preceded by cohabitation.

b) Cohabitating relationships tend to be more stable than marriage, and marriage is less likely to end when preceded by cohabitation.

c) Cohabitating relationships tend to be less stable than marriage, but marriage is less likely to end when preceded by cohabitation.

d) Cohabitating relationships tend to be more stable than marriage, but marriage is more likely to end when preceded by cohabitation.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 61

61. Researchers have found that couples who have been married for a long time have sex less often. What is likely the reason?

a) People who are married start out having sex more than unmarried couples but become bored with each other.

b) People who have been married longer are older and the decline in sex is age related.

c) People who are married always have a lower frequency of sex than unmarried people.

d) People who are married longer are not as committed to the relationship as unmarried people.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 62

62. Ten couples got married this past summer. Based on statistics in Canada, approximately how many of these couples will still be married after 20 years?

a) eight

b) six

c) three

d) two

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 63

63. André and Veronica were married for 12 years and then divorced. Which of the following is true?

a) They divorced two years sooner than the average length of marriage before divorce.

b) They divorced two years later than the average length of marriage before divorce.

c) They divorced four years sooner than the average length of marriage before divorce.

d) They divorced four years later than the average length of marriage before divorce.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 64

64. Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of a "friends with benefits" relationship?

a) monogamous

b) ongoing

c) non-exclusive

d) sexual

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 65

65. Polyamorists generally describe their relationships as ____________.

a) based more on love than sex

b) stable

c) egalitarian

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 66

66. What term is used to describe an egalitarian relationship which involves being in a romantic and sexual relationship with more than one person at the same time?

a) polyamory

b) swinging

c) semi-dyadic

d) friends with benefits

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 67

67. What was found in an Internet study of people in "friends with benefits" relationships (FWBR)?

a) Both males and females valued the sexual relationship more than the friendship.

b) Both males and females valued the friendship more than the sexual relationship.

c) Females in FWBR desire sex less frequently than females in committed relationships.

d) Females may benefit from comfort and trust in FWBR, but there is no evidence that males do.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 68

68. In a traditional North American polygamist marriage, which of the following wives would hold the highest status in her marriage to Benjamin?

a) 50-year-old Leah who is the first and "legal wife" and who has five grown children with Benjamin

b) 45-year-old Sarah who is the second wife and who had no children with Benjamin

c) 34-year-old Hannah who is the third wife and who is pregnant with her third child with Benjamin

d) 30-year-old Rebekah who had an emergency hysterectomy after delivering her second child with Benjamin

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 69

69. Which of the following is NOT typically associated with the lives of women in polygynous communities?

a) higher levels of education

b) isolation from mainstream society

c) younger age of marriage and childbirth

d) lack of social power

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 70

70. What is the main distinction between "polyamory" and "swinging"?

a) There are no rules for swinging.

b) Love is not a factor in swinging.

c) Sexual contact is allowed in swinging.

d) Most swingers are in same-sex relationships.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 71

71. Which of the following types of sexually explicit material was LEAST popular with young heterosexual males who were surveyed in 2006?

a) Internet pictures depicting nudity but not sexual activity

b) Internet written materials depicting sexual activity

c) television portrayals of sexual activity

d) DVD/video portrayals of sexual activity

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 72

72. Compared to women in non-polygynous marriages, women in polygynous marriages report which of the following?

a) psychological and financial distress

b) domestic violence

c) marital problems

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 73

73. What term is used to describe the practice of both partners in an emotionally committed or married couple agreeing to and participating in sex with other individuals, usually at the same time?

a) swinging

b) polygamy

c) polyamory

d) friends with benefits

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 74

74. Which of the following puts an individual at higher risk of extramarital sex?

a) having children

b) having parents who divorced

c) marital dissatisfaction

d) having opposite-sex friends

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 75

75. In 2008, Maxime Bernier, the star of Stephen Harper's Quebec caucus, was forced to resign as foreign affairs minister after admitting he had left classified government documents at the home of his then-girlfriend, Julie Couillard, a woman who had previously dated two Hell's Angel's associates. Shortly after they broke up, Couillard gave a tell-all television interview about the relationship, which she followed up with a book. The intense media attention brought about public condemnation. Which theory best describes the media's role in this excerpt?

a) agenda-setting theory

b) social learning theory

c) social exchange theory

d) marketing theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 76

76. Aubrie is 8-years-old and was watching television with her friends. The show depicted girl tweens dressing up and wearing make-up to meet boys from their school at the mall. When Aubrie got home she asked her mom if they could go shopping to buy similar clothes and make-up. When her mom asked why, she ultimately confessed that she had a crush on a boy and wanted to impress him. What theory related to the effects of media best describes this anecdote?

a) social learning theory

b) social exchange theory

c) marketing theory

d) agenda-setting theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 77

77. In recent years, media has begun to portray gay and lesbian characters in a positive light as a part of everyday society. Though the portrayals often feature stereotypes associated with gay and lesbian people, the impact has been generally positive. This is an example of which theory?

a) cultivation theory

b) agenda-setting theory

c) social exchange theory

d) marketing theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 78

78. Which of the following is a potential positive influence of sexuality in the media?

a) quick access to reliable information on sexual health

b) diverse models of sexuality that may serve as guidance for relationships and interactions

c) media characters allow individuals to vicariously practice sexual and relationship norms and ideals

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 79

79. Which term is used to describe erotically suggestive media without showing genitals or sexual penetration?

a) soft-core

b) hard-core

c) meta-analytic review

d) polymorphism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 80

80. What is probably the most comprehensive, easily accessible, and continuously evolving medium for sexual information, expression, and encounters?

a) the Internet

b) the Yellow Pages

c) Facebook

d) online textbooks

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 81

81. At a dinner party your friends start a discussion about different configurations of modern families and their effect on children growing up in non-standard homes. They turn to you for an informed opinion. You tell them, "Well, there is some limited research that suggests that a __________ family may benefit children by providing diverse role models and shared resources. On the other hand, there is also research that suggests that children from __________ families tend to have more emotional and behavioural difficulties than kids from a two-parent family."

a) polyamorous; polygynous

b) polyandrous; polygynous

c) polyamorous; polyandrous

d) polygamous; polyandrous

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 82

82. Your friend went with her husband to the Christmas party at his workplace. She found out that many of his colleagues are very attractive women, some single, and now she can't shake off the thought that he may cheat on her. You bring up a study on risk factors for extramarital sex and tell her that __________ does not increase the chances that a spouse would cheat, but __________ does.

a) opportunity to meet potential lovers at work; being male

b) opportunity to meet potential lovers at work; sexual dissatisfaction

c) being male; opportunity to meet potential lovers at work

d) sexual dissatisfaction; opportunity to meet potential lovers at work

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 83

83. Your cousin Alex has just had his first child. Even though the infant son can't even sit up yet, Alex is already planning no TV at home and no Internet for the kid until he turns 18. Alex wants to avoid the media's negative influence on his son's views on love, relationships, and sex. You argue that not all media influence is negative, for example __________.

a) he can learn from shows and movies about how to say "no" in a sexual situation

b) people exposed to more sexual content on TV and Internet tend to have their first intercourse later in life than those who aren't

c) media have been the most powerful force in breaking sex-related stereotypes

d) all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 84

84. You're meeting with your book club to talk about Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro. Someone mentions the scene where Kathy notices that the way older couples touch and talk to each other is a mimicry of what they saw on TV. They copy their "couple behaviour" from the fictional couples from TV dramas. You say, "Oh, that's actually what we all do, according to the __________ theory."

a) social learning

b) agenda-setting

c) cultivation

d) social script

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 85

85. Approximately what percentage of individuals in relationships report engaging in nonconsensual non-monogamy?

a) 4 per cent

b) 8 per cent

c) 10 per cent

d) 15 per cent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 86

86. Which of the following is not part of the description of the Internet as being driven by a "Quin-A engine"?

a) accessibility

b) affordability

c) anonymity

d) accountability

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 87

87. Which of the following statements about online sexual content use is true?

a) More women read erotic material online alone than men.

b) More women share sexual fantasies online than men.

c) More men read erotic material online alone than women.

d) Men and women maintain sexual relationships online the same amount.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 88

88. Open relationships are most similar to which type of consensual non-monogamous relationship?

a) swinging

b) polyamory

c) polygamy

d) friends with benefits

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 89

89. Approximately what percentage of North Americans report engaging in consensual non-monogamy at some point in their lifetime?

a) 5 per cent

b) 15 per cent

c) 20 per cent

d) 30 per cent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 90

90. In what stage of the relationship does "couple identity" typically develop in online relationships?

a) first stage

b) second stage

c) third stage

d) fourth stage

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 01

1. In a Canadian study of heterosexual first-year undergraduate students, __________ per cent respondents deemed penile–vaginal intercourse as "having sex."

Feedback: 90

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 02

2. Individuals who are unsatisfied with their virgin status are referred to as "__________ virgins."

Feedback: reluctant

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 03

3. Most consent to engage in sex is given __________-__________.

Feedback: non verbally

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 04

4. In sexual research, "TSS" stands for __________ __________ __________.

Feedback: traditional sexual script

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 05

5. When performed on a male, oral sex is referred to as __________.

Feedback: fellatio

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 06

6. When surveyed about using sex toys, the majority of women's partners (male or female) express positive feelings toward their partner's __________ use, and this support is in turn related to greater sexual satisfaction.

Feedback: vibrator

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 07

7. In Canada, the average length of marriage before a couple divorces is about __________ years.

Feedback: 14.5

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 08

8. __________ involves being in a romantic and sexual relationship with more than one person at the same time.

Feedback: Polyamory

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 09

9. __________ __________ proposes that media portrayals create a shared set of values and expectations about reality among media consumers.

Feedback: Cultivation theory

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 10

10. Parental control and parental disapproval of contraceptive use are linked to a(n) __________ age of first intercourse.

Feedback: later

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 11

11. Women are more likely than men to experience __________ with first penile-vaginal intercourse.

Feedback: pain

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 12

12. An individual's agreement to engage in sexual behaviour is referred to as __________ __________ .

Feedback: sexual consent

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 13

13. Hannah doesn't feel like having sex with her boyfriend but she knows he really wants to, so she goes through the motions. This is an example of __________ __________.

Feedback: sexual compliance

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 14

14. The one part of the sexual script that isn't actually a sexual behaviour is __________.

Feedback: orgasm

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 15

15. Younger age, few sexual problems, and greater frequency of orgasm are examples of __________ factors that contribute to sexual satisfaction.

Feedback: individual

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 16

16. Leandra and Eric both have low sexual satisfaction because they rarely have time to have sex because of their work schedules. Their sexual satisfaction is being affected by a(n) __________ factor.

Feedback: lifestyle

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 17

17. Lilli is married to Dave but is also dating Philip, with whom she has an emotional and sexual relationship. Dave knows about Lilli and Philip's relationship and supports it because it makes Lilli happy. These relationships are an example of __________.

Feedback: polyamory

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 18

18. ________ ________-________ is any emotional or sexual behaviour with a person outside of a monogamous relationship without the agreement of one's partner.

Feedback: Nonconsensual non-monogamy

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 19

19. Oral stimulation of a woman's genitals by a partner is called ________

Feedback: cunnilingus

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 20

20. A theory that proposes that individuals model characters seen in media, especially those who receive positive rewards is ________ ________ theory.

Feedback: social learning

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 21

21. ________-________ media explicitly depicts genitals and/or penetrative sexual activity.

Feedback: Hard-core

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 22

22. The sexual practice in which partners (clothed or not) rub or thrust their genitals against any part of the other person's body is called ________.

Feedback: frottage

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 23

`23. ________ ________ are sexual thoughts or images that stimulate a person physiologically and/or emotionally.

Feedback: Sexual fantasies

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 24

24. A sexual position in which partners engage in tandem (simultaneous) oral stimulation of each other's genitals is often called the "________-________" position.

Feedback: sixty-nine

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 25

25. The practice of both partners in an emotionally committed or married couple agreeing to and participating in sex with other individuals, usually at the same time is called ________.

Feedback: swinging

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 01

1. Discuss the arguments for and against vaginal "revirgination" surgery.

Feedback: For: it may prevent honour killings, it may prevent other physical harm, it may prevent divorce, it is relatively safe and women who have had it have not reported adverse effects or regrets.

Against: it perpetuates the discrimination of women who have had sex in some cultures, it is not medically necessary, and it may be unethical because it is intended purpose is to deceive a future spouse.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 02

2. Discuss the major differences between polyamory and polygamy.

Feedback: Some of the following points may be used but answers will vary.

Polyamory involves being in a romantic and sexual relationship with more than one person at the same time. In some cases, only one partner in a polyamorous relationship will be intimately involved with more than one person. In general, polyamorists describe their relationships as based more on love than on sex, relatively stable (some spanning decades), and relatively egalitarian (e.g., in terms of how time and resources will be shared among multiple partners; Barker & Langdridge, 2010). Some polyamorists are also co-parents. Polyamorous relationships can be very diverse in structure.

Polygamy is a type of polyamory in which one person is married to more than one spouse simultaneously. In North America, polygynists are predominantly heterosexual, and they tend to be conservative in their religious views and lifestyle; they also usually publicly recognize all of their marital relationships, legal or not. Wives in polygynous marriages have an emotionally and sexually exclusive relationship with their husband. Traditionally, a hierarchy of wives emerges, with older or non-childbearing (e.g., menopausal) wives and their children often holding lower status.

Research from across cultures and religious communities, however, suggests that a polygynous marital structure is often harmful to the welfare of a large number of women and children. Lack of social power, lower levels of education, significantly younger age at marriage and childbirth, parenting large numbers of children, and isolation from mainstream society are associated with the lives of women in polygynous communities. More women in polygynous marriages report psychological distress, financial stress, domestic violence, and marital problems than women in non-polygynous marriages. In addition, children from polygynous families tend to experience more behavioural, emotional, and academic difficulties than their peers from non-polygynous families.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 03

3. Despite being a sexual response rather than a sexual behaviour, orgasm is often identified as a major part of people's sexual scripts. What are the potential challenges that might arise from the pressure to have orgasm as the goal of a sexual encounter?

Feedback: One problem is that the pressure to achieve the goal of orgasm may increase performance anxiety and interfere with sexual arousal and orgasm, particularly for those who have never experienced orgasm or have orgasmic difficulties. Another problem is that the traditional sexual script suggests orgasm should follow intercourse, and that it signals a finale to love-making. This approach can be problematic for individuals, particularly women, for whom intercourse does not often lead to orgasm; indeed, a vast majority of women report having orgasms more consistently with sexual activities other than intercourse (Zietsch et al., 2011). Further, this approach may lead some women to believe they have a sexual dysfunction simply because they do not orgasm following intercourse.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 04

4. Describe three theoretical perspectives on how the media affects sexual behaviour.

Feedback: 1. Agenda-setting theory: media affect what we think is important by highlighting what we should pay attention to; in other words, media set the agenda. From this perspective, sexual topics and issues that frequently appear in media, such as the scandalous sexual affairs of politicians or the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s, become more salient to media consumers, thereby influencing consumers' attitudes about these issues.

2. Cultivation theory: we develop a shared set of values and expectations about reality based on depictions of reality in media. According to this perspective, media "cultivate" certain ideas about sex in media consumers by continually depicting sex in similar ways, according to societal values and stereotypes.

3. Social learning theory: individuals will model their attitudes and behaviours after the fictional (and sometimes non-fictional) characters they see in media, especially when the models are rewarded for particular behaviours. Thus, media consumers are likely to model their sexual behaviours after sexual behaviours that are portrayed positively in media. Further, media depictions of sexual scenarios provide scripts for enacting certain sexual behaviours that people may not be exposed to elsewhere.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 05

5. Describe both possible positive effects and possible negative effects of online sexual activity on an intimate sexual relationship.

Feedback: On the negative side, online text-based interactions may lead to communication problems between partners, especially because it is difficult to communicate emotional tone and humour without facial expressions, vocal tones, and gestures. In addition, over-involvement in solitary OSA may result in one partner neglecting his or her responsibilities toward the other, such as the responsibility to spend time engaging with the partner. A small number of cybersex users (approximately 1 per cent) develop a sexual addiction or compulsion that interferes with their relationships and ability to function in everyday activities. Further, participating in a high level of cybersex has been associated with separation or divorce. Some partners may view cybersex as infidelity; in other cases, online affairs may lead to offline affairs.

On the positive side, a survey of 8,376 heterosexual adults in committed relationships found that mild or moderate amounts of OSA benefitted relationships for both men and women. Specifically, OSA participants reported an increased quality and frequency of sexual activity, and increased intimacy with their partners. Further, men and women reported that engaging in OSA with their partner improved sexual communication between them. Perhaps this shared experience opens the door for couples to talk about their sexual fantasies and likes and dislikes, which otherwise may not have been discussed.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 14 Question 06

6. The popularity of the Internet has been described as being driven by the "Quin-A engine." List the five factors that has lead to this popularity.

Feedback: The Internet is a popular source for information about sex and sexuality because it seems to be driven by accessibility, affordability, anonymity, acceptability, and approximation