Test Bank Answers Life in Water Chapter.3

Ecology, 8e (Molles)

Chapter 3 Life in Water

1) Which of the following vertical aquatic zones is correctly ordered?

A) Bathypelagic, mesopelagic, epipelagic, abyssal, hadal

B) Epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathypelagic, abyssal, hadal

C) Abyssal, bathypelagic, hadal, mesopelagic, epipelagic

D) Epipelagic, bathypelagic, mesopelagic, hadal, abyssal

E) Mesopelagic, abyssal, epipelagic, hadal, bathypelagic

2) All of the following statements concerning the hydrologic cycle are true except

A) it is powered by solar energy.

B) flux is determined by evaporation.

C) transpiration is not involved.

D) reservoirs include lakes, rivers, oceans, and ice.

E) none of the choices are correct.

3) Of the following aquatic environments, which has the highest productivity?

A) Lakes

B) Rivers

C) Oceanic zone

D) Intertidal zone

E) Coral reefs

4) Which is not considered a reef?

A) Atoll

B) Barrier

C) Kelp

D) Fringing

E) None of the choices are correct.

5) A salt marsh is the junction between ________ and ________.

A) sea; land

B) river; sea

C) land; river

D) estuary; land

E) mangrove; sea

6) Small head streams can be characterized by all of the following components except

A) energy source CPOM.

B) clear.

C) low oxygen content.

D) cool.

E) None of the choices are correct.

7) According to the river continuum, the main energy source for

A) small head streams is CPOM.

B) small head streams is FPOM.

C) small head streams is phytoplankton.

D) large rivers is phytoplankton.

E) large rivers is CPOM.

8) All of the following statements are true concerning temperate lakes except

A) fall and spring turnovers involve vertical mixing of temperature stratified waters.

B) during fall and spring turnover, the oxygen rich hypolimnion moves up to the epilimnion.

C) during late fall and early spring, a temperate lake has a uniform water temperature.

D) during the year, the hypolimnion's temperature does not change.

E) fall and spring turnovers involve the wind.

9) The Great Lakes are troubled with invasive species. Which of the following aquatic organisms is considered invasive?

A) Zebra mussels

B) Trout

C) Darters

D) All of the choices are considered invasive.

E) None of the choices are considered invasive.

10) All of the following statements concerning oligotrophic lakes are true except

A) warm temperatures.

B) low nutrients.

C) high oxygen content.

D) deep and clear waters.

E) low biological productivity.

11) Eutrophic lakes are characterized by

A) high oxygen content.

B) cool temperatures.

C) high nutrient levels.

D) deep and clear waters.

E) low biological productivity.

12) Aquatic organisms located off the ocean floor are

A) benthic.

B) pelagic.

C) neritic.

D) littoral.

E) None of the choices are correct.

13) The effects of currents in streams include all of the following EXCEPT

A) organism size.

B) organism shape.

C) organism behavior.

D) oxygen content.

E) None of the choices are correct.

14) Which of the following rivers would have the highest salinity?

A) Columbia River

B) Rio Negro

C) Pecos

D) They all have equally low salinity levels.

E) They all have equally high salinity levels.

15) The timing and extent of tides are a function of all of the following except

A) the moon's gravitational force.

B) the sun's gravitational force.

C) geography.

D) the size of the body of water.

E) salinity levels.

16) Oceanic water circulation systems are termed

A) upwellings.

B) atolls.

C) ebbs.

D) gyres.

E) pulses.

17) Which of the following river dimension definitions is/are incorrect?

A) Active channel: riparian zone with seasonal flooding

B) Wetted channel: water-laden year around

C) Riffle: current of water

D) Phreatic zone: transition from riparian to water column

E) Hyporheic zone: transition between surface water and ground water

18) What percentage of the earth's water supply is freshwater in rivers, lakes, and actively exchanged groundwater?

A) 97%

B) 71%

C) 2%

D) <1%

E) None of the choices are correct.

19) The turnover time for atmospheric water is

A) days to weeks.

B) months to years.

C) years to decades.

D) decades to centuries.

E) centuries to millennia.

20) Typically a shallow lake with large quantities of nutrients, high primary productivity, and large phytoplankton populations is ________ in color.

A) deep blue

B) deep green

C) yellow

D) brown

E) red

21) The most significant photosynthetic inhabitants of the upper epipelagic zone of the open ocean are

A) phytoplankton.

B) zooplankton.

C) kelp.

D) coral.

E) zooxanthellae.

22) Estuary waters are often stratified by salinity with ________ flowing over the top of ________.

A) higher salinity river water; lower salinity ocean water

B) lower salinity river water; higher salinity ocean water

C) higher salinity ocean water; lower salinity river water

D) lower salinity ocean water; higher salinity river water

E) higher salinity ocean water; zero salinity river water

23) Which of the following is the correct order of the major ocean basins from largest to the smallest?

A) Atlantic, Pacific, Indian

B) Indian, Atlantic, Pacific

C) Pacific, Indian, Atlantic

D) Pacific, Atlantic, Indian

E) None of the choices are correct; all three ocean basins are of equal size

24) Estuaries are junctions between rivers and lakes.

25) Oceanic upwellings bring nutrient rich waters to the west coast of South America.

26) Limnetic spring and fall turnovers bring oxygen-poor water to the hypolimnion and nutrient-rich water to the epilimnion.

27) The male of the deep-sea anglerfish species is reduced to a parasitic appendage of the female.

28) Gyres move to the left in the Northern Hemisphere and to the right in the Southern Hemisphere.

29) In temperate lakes, fall blooms are occasionally followed by fish kills.

30) The oceans are the largest water reservoir on the planet.

31) Oxygen is a major limiting factor in the distribution of intertidal organisms.

32) Bottom dwelling aquatic organisms are called ________.

33) Limnetic thermoclines are located in the ________ zone.

34) The benthic portion of eutrophic lakes can become ________.

35) Human impact on the oceans has always been greater than on other parts of the biosphere. 

36) All of the following are characteristics of fish communities used in the Index of Biological Diversity except

A) species composition.

B) trophic composition.

C) fish abundance.

D) fish scale coloration.

37) Which of the following properties is considered a major physical difference between air and water?

A) Heat conduction

B) Light penetration

C) Density

D) All of the answer choices are correct.

38) This molecule is ubiquitous on land but limiting in water and thus, can exert a selective force on aquatic systems. 

39) When calculating the Index of Biological Diversity, a high proportion of carnivores would indicate low environmental quality.