Test Bank Answers Gender and In/Equality Chapter.3

Chapter 3 Test Bank Questions

Long Answer

1. Why did psychologist Sandra Bem assert that gender polarization within American society and its social institutions remains so pervasive that children become gender schematic at young ages and “conventionally sex-typed?” (Answer on pp. 56-59)

2. Define the concept hegemonic masculinity and explain how it encompasses the possibility of both “positive” and “negative” traits within a normative context? (Answer on p. 61)

3. Why do girls and women who ignore conventional feminine stereotypes exist in a “double bind”? What are examples of the “double bind” that women confront in American society? (Answer pp. 62-64)

4. Explain why patriarchy is depicted as a complex sociopolitical system that is socially constructed. (Answer on pp. 68-69)

5. What are the specific objections that writer Jerry Boggs directed against philosopher and radical feminist Marilyn Frye’s analysis of the oppression of women? How do Frye’s supporters’ respond to Bogg’s criticisms? (Answer on pp. 80-81)

6. How does feminist theorist bell hooks define feminism? How does her definition expand the notion of feminism beyond the notion of gender equality? (Answer on p. 73)

7. What does the term “double standards” signify for women, particularly as they mature? (Answer on pp. 63-64)

8. Explain how friends, family, acquaintances, and cultural trends exert powerful and ubiquitous influences on children and adults. (Answer on p. 59)

9. What does the concept of hostile sexism mean for women and how can it also be directed toward men as well? (Answer on pp. 64-65)

10. Explain Kimberlé Crenshaw’s theory of intersectionality for analyzing women’s oppression? (Answer on pp. 74-75)

Short Answer

1. How can a “tomboy” participate in activities traditionally associated with boys such as wrestling without facing explicitly negative consequences, but a boy can be shunned and bullied if he enjoys jumping rope? (Answer on p. 58)

2. Explain why girls and women who defy conventional ideas of gender are labeled “dykes”? (Answer on p. 63)

3. Why do modern feminists insist that for women to achieve real gender equality, the double-bind situation confronted by girls and women must be eliminated? (Answer on p. 63)

4. Who devised the term “the mythical norm” and why? (Answer on p. 74)

5. Why does sociologist Lisa Wade regard Kim Kardashian as representative of the “patriarchal bargain”? (Answer on p. 62)

6. Why did the great abolitionist leader Frederick Douglass support women’s rights and feminism during the nineteenth century? (Answer on p. 73)

7. Why do some women suffer the “backlash effect” when they display what American society regards as typical male assertive behavior? (Answer on pp. 62-63)

8. How can a misogynist exhibit prejudice against women but still desire female companionship? (Answer on p. 66)

9. What is the origin of the legal doctrine of coverture in the United States? (Answer on p. 70)

10. Who wrote the 1997 short essay “A Civic Duty to Annoy” and why? (Answer on p. 81)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which is not a central feature of the concept of emphasized femininity? (E is correct. Answer on p. 61)

a. Empathy

b. Nurturance

c. Cooperative

d. Compliance

e. Resistance

2. What state did Patsy Takemoto Mink represent in the U.S. Congress? (C is correct. Answer on p. 68)

a. Oregon

b. Colorado

c. Hawaii

d. Washington

e. California

3. Which celebrity is not a self-identified feminist? (A is correct. Answer on p. 73)

a. Taylor Swift

b. Tina Fey

c. Rosario Dawson

d. Amy Poehler

e. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

4. Who made this statement, “Marriage, for women, has historically meant a loss of individual identity”? (D is correct. Answer on p. 70)

a. Lisa Wade

b. Kathleen Bogle

c. Michael Kimmel

d. Susan Basow

e. R.W. Connell

5. In South Korea, what color is traditionally used to announce the birth of a girl? (B is correct. Answer on p. 56)

a. Lavender

b. Black

c. Fuchsia

d. Red

e. White

6. Which one of the following statements describes Wendy Kaminer’s philosophy about free speech in America? (E is correct. Answer on p. 81-82)

a. College protests against feminism must be prohibited from public campuses to avoid women being subjected to sexual harassment and violence.

b. Apparel with derogatory words and statements against women worn by anyone must be banned on school campuses.

c. College presidents must regulate misogynist speech on campus to avoid offending women.

d. College faculty and staff members must not discuss material that women may find anti-feminist and misogynist in classes and meetings.

e. Offensive speech about women must not be subjected to censorship because such a restriction suppresses all speech, including support for women’s rights.

7. Who made the following statement? “Most men are murdered by women.” (C is correct. Answer on p. 80)

a. William Labov

b. John Gray

c. Jerry Boggs

d. Cooper Thompson

e. Peter Glick

8. How many women are in the 116^th U.S. Congress (2019-2021)? (A is correct. Answer on p. 67)

a. 126

b. 76

c. 110

d. 90

e. 120

9. When did women in England attain the right to vote? (D is correct. Answer on p. 70)

a. 1926

b. 1914

c. 1920

d. 1928

e. 1932

10. Which nation does not unequivocally guarantee equality and nondiscrimination for women and men in its constitution? (E is correct. Answer on p. 71)

a. India

b. Cuba

c. Afghanistan

d. Chile

e. The United States

11. According to feminist philosopher Marilyn Frye, which is not a form of service work that women perform for men? (C is correct. Answer on p. 76)

a. Sexual Service

b. Secretarial

c. Accounting

d. Ego service

e. Cooking

12. Who made the following statement? “Gender is the earliest, most central and most active organizing component of one’s self-concept.” (B is correct. Answer on p. 54)

a. Mary Leinbach

b. Janet Taylor Spence

c. Peggy Orenstein

d. Deborah Best

e. Mary Crawford

13. When did American women routinely become jury members? (D is correct. Answer on p. 70)

a. 1880s

b. 1950s

c. 1920s

d. 1960s

e. 1890s

14. When did Kimberlé Crenshaw first introduce the term intersectionality? (A is correct. Answer on p. 74)

a. 1980s

b. 2000s

c. 1960s

d. 1950s

e. 1970s

15. What legal right did Spanish/Mexican women living on the Mexican frontier lose when the frontier became part of the U.S. after the Mexican American war? (C is correct. Answer on p. 70)

a. Voting rights

b. Educational rights

c. To own property

d. Divorce rights

e. Freedom of religion

16. Who fits the characteristics of a typical feminist? (E is correct. Answer one p. 72)

a. Women

b. Lesbians

c. White people

d. Bisexuals

e. Anyone

17. Where is high-quality, affordable childcare not commonplace? (B is correct. Answer on p. 69)

a. Germany

b. The United States

c. Canada

d. Norway

e. France

18. Who argued that “it is within our control to choose how we participate in patriarchy”? (A is correct. Answer on p. 69)

a. Allan G. Johnson

b. Audre Lorde

c. bell hooks

d. B. Dardenne

e. Susan Fiske

19. In what country do women make up over 20 percent in parliament? (D is correct. Answer on p. 67)

a. United Kingdom

b. Czech Republic

c. Switzerland

d. Finland

e. Hungary

20. Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits the states and federal government from denying women the right to vote? (C is correct. Answer on p. 70)

a. The Fifteenth Amendment

b. The Twentieth Amendment

c. The Nineteenth Amendment

d. The Fourteenth Amendment

e. The Eighteenth Amendment

21. Which scholar contends that there are many oppressed classes of people? (E is correct. Answer on pp. 76-77)

a. Wendy Kaminer

b. Rania Antonopolous

c. Patricia Hill Collins

d. Bobbie Mixon

e. Marilyn Frye

22. In what country do women work fewer total hours, paid and unpaid, than men? (D is correct. Answer on p. 71)

a. Belgium

b. Uruguay

c. Germany

d. Sweden

e. The Netherlands

23. According to the 2018 statistics from the Federal Bureau of Investigations, what percentage of hate crimes based on sexual orientation were classified as anti-gay male bias? (B is correct. Answer on pp. 66-67)

a. 12.7

b. 58

c. 3.1

d. 2.0

e. 28.0

24. Former U.S. Senator Carolyn Mosely Braun represented what state in Congress? (A is correct. Answer on p. 68)

a. Illinois

b. Wisconsin

c. Indiana

d. New Jersey

e. California

True or False Questions

1. Audre Lorde was a famous African American lesbian playwright. (False. Answer on p. 74)

2. Marilyn Frye believes there exist a widespread plot on the part of men to construct a network of oppressive forces against women. (False. Answer on p. 79)

3. Infant girls who wear blue clothes can often be mistaken as boys by adults. (True. Answer on p. 56)

4. The masculine traits of competitiveness and aggression are underrated in American society and are rarely displayed in public. (False. Answer on pp. 60-61.)

5. Women in the United States have enjoyed basic legal rights for less than 100 years. (True. Answer on p. 71)

6. Benevolent sexism makes it less likely for women to engage in social activism for gender equality. (True. Answer on pp. 65-66)

7. Mo’ne Davis was the first girl to throw a shutout in the Little League World Series. (True. Answer on p. 60)

8. Until the early 20^th century, most babies wore yellow. (False. Answer on p. 56)

9. Peggy Orenstein published Cinderella Ate My Daughter in 2011. (True. Answer on p. 51)

10. Peter Glick and Susan Fiske contend that sexism is always blatantly hostile. (False. Answer on p. 64)