Test Bank Answers Crimes In The Educational System Chapter 7

Chapter 7: Crimes in the Educational System

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. What did a 2017 study observe from its review of research misconduct cases

that were reported to federal agencies by the scientific community?

1. The volume of research misconduct detected and reported was higher than

the researchers expected to find.

1. The scientific community was concerned that detecting too much research

misconduct would call the veracity of their overall research into question.

1. The scientific community was not capable of finding and responding to

research misconduct.

1. Scientific research would be improved by finding and responding to research

misconduct.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Research Misconduct by Professors

Difficulty Level: Easy

1. Which of the following was one reason given for why the federal government

has become so involved in research misconduct?

1. Members of the academic community have asked the government to

intervene.

1. The federal government has been investing more money into scientific

endeavors.

1. Members of society have asked the government to intervene.
2. There have more cases of research misconduct lately, so the government felt

obligated to intervene.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Research Misconduct by Professors

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Why might it be more difficult to estimate how often research misconduct

occurs than other white-collar crimes?

1. Research misconduct has not actually been empirically assessed so the

standard is difficult to determine.

1. Professors are better at covering their tracks and lying than other

white-collar criminals.

1. Investigators are less interested in this type of white-collar crime.
2. Misconduct is well hidden from scrutiny.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Research Misconduct by Professors

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. When is plagiarism most often discovered?
2. Reviewers identify it as part of the peer review process.
3. When computer-based text searching tools are used to search for it.
4. The plagiarized author finds it.
5. Researchers accidentally stumble upon it.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Research Misconduct by Professors

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. What consequence might research misconduct have for society?
2. People lose trust in an individual who engaged in research misconduct.
3. Medical breakthroughs or policies based on flawed research puts people at

risk.

1. Funding may be scarce out of fear of possible research misconduct.
2. Colleges and universities may have to compete for researchers.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Research Misconduct by Professors

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. What is a pattern that distinguishes research misconduct from many

other white-collar crimes?

• 1. The offender will typically wait a certain period before publishing his

plagiarized or falsified results so as to avoid suspicion.

• 1. The offenders generally do not know they are committing research

misconduct.

• 1. In many cases, the offender has one or more accomplices.
  2. In most cases the offender of research misconduct acts alone.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Research Misconduct by Professors

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. In the study noted in the reading, how many of the research misconduct

cases were said to be caused by the supervisor’s lack of training the supervisee?

• 1. about 75%
  2. almost half
  3. less than 10%
  4. nearly all

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Research Misconduct by Professors

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Which of the following is not an incentive to carry out research misconduct?
2. power and prestige
3. higher salary
4. fewer teaching assignments
5. grants and book contracts

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Research Misconduct by Professors

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Accusations of research misconduct generally begin from which of the

following?

• 1. the federal government
  2. the university
  3. someone involved with the research
  4. the state government

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Research Misconduct by Professors

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Ghost writing occurs under which of these circumstances?
2. a professor who did not work on the research is made an author of the

published results

1. too many researchers work on a study and so some are left off as authors

on the published results

1. professors or researchers have their work written by someone else, but

the professor’s name appears on the work

1. a professor publishes the unpublished results of another professor’s study

and claims it as their own

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Ghostwriting

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. What percent of articles in the Journal of the American Medical Association

had ghost writers?

1. 69%
2. 8%
3. 26%
4. 2%

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Ghostwriting

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Textbook fraud occurs under which of these circumstances?
2. faculty sell complimentary textbooks that they received from publishers to

book dealers who resell the books

1. a person falsely and intentionally claims to that another publisher stole their

work and put it in their own textbook

1. a textbook is published with no credit given to the author of the book by the

publisher

1. faculty sell textbooks they have written with false data

Learning Objective: 7-2: Define pecuniary crimes and why they are considered white-collar crimes.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Pecuniary-Oriented Offenses

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Which of the following is an example of double billing?
2. A professor bills his own university, instead of the university he traveled to

speak at for travel reimbursement.

1. A professor leaves his job at one university for another but continues to

collect pay from that university while receiving pay from the second university as well.

1. A professor bills the same university twice for the same travel expenses.
2. A professor bills her university for travel expenses and an outside booking

firm for her fee to give a speech at another university.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Define pecuniary crimes and why they are considered white-collar crimes.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Pecuniary-Oriented Offenses

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Which type of conflict arises with unapproved outside work?
   1. financial reimbursement conflicts of interest
   2. student dedication conflicts
   3. travel expenses conflicts.
   4. research based conflicts of interest

Learning Objective: 7-2: Define pecuniary crimes and why they are considered white-collar crimes.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Pecuniary-Oriented Offenses

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Which of these is a form of time conflict?
   1. A professor routinely cancels class because of outside work.
   2. A professor takes a leave of absence.
   3. Two professors are working on research together while one does the majority

of the work, and both are given equal credit.

• 1. A professor skips an appointment with a student and does not notify the

student.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Define pecuniary crimes and why they are considered white-collar crimes.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Pecuniary-Oriented Offenses

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. What form of sexual harassment occurs if a professor stares intently at the

same student while giving a lecture?

• 1. gender harassment
  2. sexual bribery
  3. sexualized behavior
  4. sexual contact

Learning Objective: 7-3: Analyze the prevalence of and response to sexual harassment accusations on college campuses.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. What are the policies on sexual contact with students?
   1. All colleges and universities have a strict no sexual contact policy.
   2. No colleges or universities have a policy on sexual contact with students.
   3. Policy varies between different institutions, with some having no policy and

others having a strict policy.

• 1. Sexual contact is only prohibited with undergraduate students.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Analyze the prevalence of and response to sexual harassment accusations on college campuses.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. How often do professors who reward students with better grades for sex

receive criminal charges?

• 1. commonly
  2. rarely
  3. never
  4. Always

Learning Objective: 7-3: Analyze the prevalence of and response to sexual harassment accusations on college campuses.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. How is Operation: Varsity Blues, the college admissions scandal,

an example of white-collar crime in the educational system?

1. People working within the educational system admitted unqualified

students as a favor to others.

1. Outsiders gave large sums of money to people in the educational system to

fraudulently admit their children.

1. Students used bribery to get coaches in the educational system to give them

spot on athletic teams so they could play sports.

1. People within the educational system solicited money from qualified students

for a guaranteed admission.

Learning Objective: 7-6: Describe why the college admissions scandal is white-collar crime.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Operation: Varsity Blues

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Students who are sexually harassed by their professors usually report it

to whom?

• 1. nobody
  2. another faculty member
  3. the police
  4. a close friend or family member

Learning Objective: 7-3: Analyze the prevalence of and response to sexual harassment accusations on college campuses.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Which of the following was given as a reason why students have chosen not

to report sexual harassment?

• 1. did not want to go through the trouble of the legal system
  2. claimed that they do not care
  3. concern about repercussions on future evaluations
  4. scared they may actually be the one to blame

Learning Objective: 7-3: Analyze the prevalence of and response to sexual harassment accusations on college campuses.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Medium

22.Since professors rarely go to jail for their misdeeds, how might colleges and universities provide accountability for their crimes?

1. take any number of available disciplinary actions based on the crime

committed

1. transfer the professor to a new school
2. take no action against the professor
3. ask the professor to leave

Learning Objective: 7-4: Discuss how professors are disciplined for their crimes.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Disciplining “Bad” Professors

Difficulty Level: Medium

23.What form of discipline might be taken against professors who were found to have committed research misconduct?

• 1. tenure revocations
  2. dismissals
  3. incur fines
  4. retraction of articles

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Disciplining “Bad” Professors

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Which of these can be seen as a white-collar crime committed by a student?

• 1. looking at another student’s exam
  2. digital piracy
  3. failure to pay lab fees
  4. skipping class and copying notes from another student

Learning Objective: 7-5: Explain the type of crimes students commit and why they are classified as white-collar crimes.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Crimes in the Educational System by Students

Difficulty Level: Medium

25.In a study on academic dishonesty, what did R. L. Sims find about

respondents who engaged in dishonest behavior in college?

1. They were as severely dishonest at work as they were in college.
2. Most behaved more honestly at work than in college.
3. Many engaged in some dishonest behavior at work.
4. They were honest some of the time at work.

Learning Objective: 7-5: Explain the type of crimes students commit and why they are classified as white-collar crimes.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Crimes in the Educational System by Students

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Scientific endeavors have become less visible to members of society as result

of increased government involvement.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Crimes by Professionals in the Educational System

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Plagiarism by professors is more likely to occur in the humanities and social

sciences than in the hard sciences.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Research Misconduct by Professors

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Research misconduct hurts the university more than the professor who

engaged in the misconduct.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Research Misconduct by Professors

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Research misconduct in no way shines the scientific community in a

negative light.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Research Misconduct by Professors

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. If researchers engage in one type of misconduct, there are more likely to have

engaged in others as well.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Research Misconduct by Professors

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. In some cases of ghostwriting, the real author’s name appears on the article

along with a scientist who did not actually contribute to the article.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Ghostwriting

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Many colleges and universities have express written policies forbidding the

selling of complimentary text books under any circumstances.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Define pecuniary crimes and why they are considered white-collar crimes.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Pecuniary-Oriented Offenses

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Universities never limit the amount of consulting and outside work that

professors can do with companies that relate to their research.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Define pecuniary crimes and why they are considered white-collar crimes.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Pecuniary-Oriented Offenses

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Sexualized behaviors go beyond comments and include actual activities of a

sexual nature committed by the offending party.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Analyze the prevalence of and response to sexual harassment accusations on college campuses.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Some experts contend that exchanging grades for sex “is accepted without question or noticeable comment by most members of the university community.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Analyze the prevalence of and response to sexual harassment accusations on college campuses.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. List the four main crimes committed by professional in the education system.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Crimes by Professionals in the Educational System

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Describe two of the four types of sexual harassment that can occur between a

professor and a student.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Analyze the prevalence of and response to sexual harassment accusations on college campuses.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Describe three different consequences of research misconduct.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Research Misconduct by Professors

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Describe the two scenarios in which crimes are committed by students on

the job.

Learning Objective: 7-5: Explain the type of crimes students commit and why they are classified as white-collar crimes.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Crimes in the Educational System by Students

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Why can academic dishonesty be defined as “intellectual theft”?

Learning Objective: 7-5: Explain the type of crimes students commit and why they are classified as white-collar crimes.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Crimes in the Educational System by Students

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Discuss the effects of research misconduct.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Describe the characteristics of the four main crimes committed by professionals in the educational system.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Research Misconduct by Professors

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Discuss two of the four types of pecuniary offenses in the educational system.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Define pecuniary crimes and why they are considered white-collar crimes.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Pecuniary-Oriented Offenses

Difficulty Level: Medium

1. Discuss sexual harassment in the context of the educational system.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Analyze the prevalence of and response to sexual harassment accusations on college campuses.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Hard