Chapter 6: Global Countermovements

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is considered globalization with a human face because ______.

a. it addresses key challenges (poverty, health, gender inequality) resulting from globalization

b. it focuses on the face of globalization

c. it focuses on globalization since the turn of the millennium

d. it debates the benefits of globalization

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Women’s Rights Trajectory

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. The notion that the market society is a “double movement” is most closely associated with ______.

a. Karl Marx

b. Karl Polanyi

c. Karl Jaspers

d. Karl Maron

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Global Countermovements

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The meaning of food sovereignty is not only applied to small producer coalitions in the countryside, but also to all of the following EXCEPT ______.

a. sustainable/organic/local food systems

b. faith-based charities

c. micro-credit enterprises

d. Native American rights organizations

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: New Sovereignty Struggles: Food sovereignty

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. According to the demographic transition theory, birth rates ______ as economic growth ______. This transition occurs as societies shift from ______ to ______, and children are viewed as an ______ rather than a(n) ______. Select the best sequence of words to complete the sentence.

a. decline, proceeds. preindustrial, industrial, economic liability, necessity.

b. decline, stagnates. industrial, preindustrial, economic asset, liability.

c. decline, proceeds. preindustrial, industrial, economic asset, necessity.

d. decline, shifts. pre-industrial, post-industrial, economic asset, necessity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gender, Poverty, and Fertility

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Evidence from contraceptive use in Bangladesh has been cited as superseding conventional theories of “demographic transition” because:

a. fertility rates declined purely out of coincidence

b. fertility rates declined without the required improvements in economic growth

c. fertility rates increased with improvements in the economy

d. fertility rates increased with increasing contraceptive usage

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Gender, Poverty, and Fertility

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. A handful of ______ that manage the ______ of world grain trade contribute to the ______ of the global food chain.

a. food corporations, largest share, centralized control

b. food conservationists, largest share, distribution

c. farmers, growth, development

d. food industrialists, growth, development

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: New Sovereignty Struggles: Food sovereignty

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Food sovereignty, as defined by Paul Nicholson, includes all of the following EXCEPT ______.

a. local food markets

b. right of a country to protect borders from imported food

c. defense of biodiversity

d. import substitution policies

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: New Sovereignty Struggles: Food sovereignty

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Food sovereignty proponents argue that the global market serves private interests and reduced food to the status of a commodity, skewing its access. This implies that those who ______.

a. produce food can benefit from it

b. have money will have access to food

c. sell food can determine what is produced

d. have money can determine the demand for food

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: New Sovereignty Struggles: Food sovereignty

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The feminist paradigm stresses that development is a relational, not a universal process, implying the need to take into account ______.

a. women’s context, not abstract ideals

b. the relation between global South and North

c. the relationship between men and women

d. the relationship between productive and reproductive activities

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Feminist Formulations

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. All of the following groups engaged in “environmentalism of the poor”, EXCEPT the ______.

a. Kayapo Indians

b. Ogoni

c. Igbaras

d. Ijaw

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Environmentalism

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Collective women’s movements such as those arranged by the Kikuyu women in Laikipia of Kenya illustrate how women’s movements can do which of the following?

a. Infuriate government agencies

b. Undermine local production

c. Enable dependency on the state

d. Restore women’s access to resources denied them by state

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Feminisms

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Systemic countermovements are different from reforming movements because they ______.

a. offer the possibility of defending the system

b. offer the possibility of transforming the system

c. do not offer the possibility of defending the system

d. do not offer the possibility of transforming the system

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Global Countermovements

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. The Brundtland Commission’s 1987 call for attention to “Sustainable Development” illustrates the paradox between ______.

a. development and poverty

b. economic prosperity and ecological damage

c. economic prosperity and human welfare

d. development and self-sufficiency

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Environmentalism

Difficulty Level: Hard

Multiple Response

1. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Feminists advocate women take control of their fertility and recommend the following approaches to reduce fertility in Third World:

a. female education

b. use of sexual health services

c. counseling of men

d. counseling of girls and mothers

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gender, Poverty, and Fertility

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The Zapatista movement is unique because it ______.

a. demonstrated the feasibility of food sovereignty

b. inspired disadvantaged communities throughout Mexico and the world to seek out self-determination

c. provided a powerful and symbolic critique of the politics of globalization

d. demonstrated the feasibility of mass land revitalization

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: New Sovereignty Struggles: Food sovereignty

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The Zapatista movement arose because ______.

a. NAFTA flooded Mexico with cheap and subsided corn from Iowa

b. subsidized corn undercut local maize prices for campesinos, driving millions of producers off their lands

c. NAFTA introduced policies that confiscated land from the campesinos

d. NAFTA denied loans to Mexicans.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: New Sovereignty Struggles: Food sovereignty

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Unlike other countermovements, the feminist paradigm not only advocates for inclusion of women in the development process but also calls attention to ______.

a. the limits, silences and violence of neoliberalism

b. the definition of what constitutes ‘productive’ work in national accounting systems

c. discounting of women’s activities as unproductive

d. emphasis on anti-gendered bias in development thinking.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Feminist Formulations

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Feminists entered the debate linking environmental damage (stemming from resource impoverishment) to population control in the Third World because ______.

a. they are concerned about the overpopulation of the world

b. they want to protect women from biological manipulation (since most fertility control methods target women)

c. they wanted to draw attention to the fact that fertility control policies overlook the role of the global North in environmental damage

d. of their desire to direct attention to the male bias in fertility discussions

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Environmentalism

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The agenda of the modern feminist movement, as detailed in the 1999 Women’s International Coalition for Economic Justice, include ______.

a. assigning equal value to productive work

b. valuing the work of social reproduction

c. reorienting social values from economism to humanism

d. assigning value to ecofeminism

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: “Modern” Feminisms

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. According to text, the promises of neoliberalism are not an illusion, but actually real.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Global Countermovements

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The concept of “ecological debt” is most closely associated with Dalai Lama and not Pope Francis.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Environmentalism

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The outcome of environmentalism is to explore and generate ways to re-embed economy in ecology.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Environmentalism

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. DAWN (Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era), WIDE (Women in Development Europe), WEDO (Women’s Environment and Development Organization) are all examples of Transnational Feminist Multilateral Organizations (TFMO).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Feminist Formulations

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The feminist paradigm stresses that development is a relational, not a universal process.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Feminist Formulations

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. The Zapatista movement demonstrated the feasibility of food sovereignty and inspired disadvantaged communities throughout Mexico and the world to seek out self-determination.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: New Sovereignty Struggles: Food sovereignty

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. The food sovereignty countermovement emerged through the experience of a global agrarian crisis accompanying the neoliberal era (1980s to the 2000).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: New Sovereignty Struggles: Food sovereignty

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. According to La Vía Campesina, small producers should be the principal agent to feed the world, as they feed up to 70% of the world and have capacity to produce as much if not more food than large monocultures of industrial agriculture.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: New Sovereignty Struggles: Food sovereignty

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Transition Town models thrive on principles of competition.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Environmental Countermovement Principles

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Transition Town and Commons models of alternative futures demonstrate the role of local communities and groups to chart their own visions of development.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Environmental Countermovement Principles

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. What is the Transition Town movement’s vision of the future? How would this vision translate into development practice and policies? From the perspective of a transition town paradigm, how would you measure development?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Environmental Countermovement Principles

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Diane Perrons states that “neoliberalism is a powerful ideology and appeals to people’s self-interest. It implies that free markets are somehow a natural and inevitable state of affairs in which individual endeavor will be rewarded, and perhaps because of this the poor accept growing inequalities because they think they have a chance of becoming rich themselves as society appears to be freer and more open.” Do you agree with this statement?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Global Countermovements

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Define environmentalism, giving one concrete example of it.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Environmentalism

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What is the relationship between colonialism, women, and environmental movements?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Valuing Environments

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Discuss the feminist notion that development is a relational, not a universal, process.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Question of Empowerment

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. What is food sovereignty and why is it important as a globalization countermovement?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: New Sovereignty Struggles: Food sovereignty

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Discuss the origin of the Zapatista movement, and its significance in the debate on food sovereignty.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: New Sovereignty Struggles: Food sovereignty

Difficulty Level: Hard