Test Bank Answers Chapter 2 Sternberg Cognitive Neuroscience

Chapter 2

Cognitive Neuroscience

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. The forebrain includes the ____.
   1. corpus callosum, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex
   2. hippocampus, medulla, pons, and thalamus
   3. cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, the limbic system, thalamus, and hypothalamus
   4. amygdala, reticular activating system, and corpus callosum

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. The basal ganglia of the forebrain are crucial to ____.
   1. motor function
   2. hearing
   3. sleeping and waking
   4. regulating behavior necessary for species survival

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. The limbic system is important to ____.
   1. memory retrieval
   2. relaying sensory information
   3. emotion, motivation, and learning
   4. motor information

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. All of the following are part of the limbic system EXCEPT the ____.
   1. primary motor cortex
   2. septum
   3. amygdala
   4. hippocampus

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Dysfunction of the basal ganglia is known to cause ____.
   1. visual agnosia
   2. semantic memory loss
   3. extreme fear
   4. motor deficits

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Which of the following processes would most likely involve the limbic system?
   1. Bill stretches his arms high into the air.
   2. Bill is walking home at night and is startled by a runner.
   3. Bill solves a physics problem.
   4. Bill feels an acute pain in his wrist.

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Apply

1. When the amygdala is stimulated, what reactions are likely to result?
   1. fearful hallucinations, frightening flashbacks in memory
   2. dizziness, headache, loss of consciousness
   3. insomnia, inability to concentrate, restlessness
   4. intense concentration

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Apply

1. The ____ and ____ both play a role in anger.
   1. amygdala; hippocampus
   2. septum; amygdala
   3. hippocampus; septum
   4. primary motor cortex; septum

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Which of the following would most likely involve the septum?
   1. Mike is frightened by a man pointing a knife at him.
   2. Mike remembered a man who sold him a knife.
   3. Mike sees a man who using a knife to peel vegetables.
   4. Mike sees a photo of a man whittling with a knife.

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Apply

1. Which of the following would most likely involve activity in the amygdala?
   1. Wilma sees a cute cat but the cat will not come when she calls.
   2. Wilma talks about her own pets, who she obviously loves
   3. Wilma is frightened when the horse she is riding rears up.
   4. Wilma leans over to pet a large dog who likes to be petted.

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Apply

1. The ____ plays a critical role in the formation of new memories.
   1. thalamus
   2. hippocampus
   3. hypothalamus
   4. aphasia

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Damage to the hippocampus can result in loss of memory function in which old information can be recalled but new memories cannot be formed. One form of hippocampal damage is called ____.
   1. “locked-in” syndrome
   2. apraxia
   3. aphasia
   4. Korsakoff’s syndrome

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Disruption in the hippocampus does NOT seem to result in deficits in ____ memory.
   1. declarative
   2. short-term
   3. procedural
   4. long-term

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

1. Jennifer has damage to a certain area of her brain. She can remember people and events from long ago, but she cannot remember where she ate lunch today. Judging by her symptoms, Jennifer may have damage to the ____.
   1. hypothalamus
   2. hippocampus
   3. thalamus
   4. corpus callosum

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Apply

1. Which area of the brain is known to sort information and send it to appropriate areas in the cerebral cortex?
   1. hippocampus
   2. basil ganglia
   3. amygdala
   4. thalamus

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating behavior that is important for the survival of the organism and regulating emotions and reactions to stress?
   1. hypothalamus
   2. thalamus
   3. pons
   4. cerebellum

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Although the midbrain is not as important in mammals as in nonmammals, it is significant in that it houses the reticular activating system, which is essential in regulating ____.
   1. consciousness, heartbeat, and breathing
   2. bodily coordination, balance, and muscle tone
   3. breathing, swallowing, and digestion
   4. the signals passing from one part of the brain to another

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Physicians make a determination of brain death based in part on the lack of activity of the ____.
   1. midbrain
   2. brainstem
   3. medulla oblongata
   4. cerebellum

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Apply

1. The ____, located in the hindbrain, is responsible for controlling the heartbeat, and to some extent, breathing, swallowing, and digestion.
   1. pons
   2. cerebellum
   3. cerebral cortex
   4. medulla oblongata

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Which part of the hindbrain contains neural fibers that pass signals from one part of the brain to another and thus serves as a relay station?
   1. medulla oblongata
   2. pons
   3. cerebellum
   4. limbic system

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Which part of the hindbrain is responsible for coordination, balance, and muscle tone and also includes memory related to procedural movements?
   1. hypothalamus
   2. amygdala
   3. septum
   4. cerebellum

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Connell, age 32, was in a bad motorcycle accident. He was airlifted to a tertiary care facility and when his family arrived, they were informed that it was likely Connell was brain dead. To determine whether Connell is, in fact, brain dead, his doctors must determine that his ____ has been damaged so severely that various reflexes of the head (e.g., the pupillary reflex) are absent for more than 12 hours.
   1. frontal lobe
   2. corpus callosum
   3. brainstem
   4. pons

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

1. Which patient has symptoms consistent with damage to the medulla oblongata?
   1. The patient who is experiencing both short-term and long-term memory loss
   2. The patient who is not able to sense pain or pressure
   3. The patient who displays irregular aggression patterns
   4. The patient who experiences heartbeat irregularity and breathing problems

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

1. Sonia lays in a hospital bed and cannot be awakened. Scans of her brain show damage to the ____, which is important for regulating overall level of consciousness.
2. corpus callosum
3. white matter
4. reticular activating system
5. medulla oblongata

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Apply

1. The convolutions of the cerebral cortex comprise ____, which are small grooves; ____, which are raised areas or bulges; and ____, which are large grooves.
   1. sulci; fissures; gyri
   2. fissures; sulci; gyri
   3. gyri; fissures; sulci
   4. sulci; gyri; fissures

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

1. The cerebral cortex is ____.
   1. the main lobe of the forebrain
   2. the bridge between the left and the right hemispheres of the brain
   3. a one- to three-millimeter-thick layer that covers the surface of the brain
   4. a layer, covering the surface of the brain, that comprises about 60% of the brain

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. The cerebral cortex is often referred to as ____, whereas the myelinated nerve fibers of the brain’s interior are often called ____.
   1. contralateral; ipsilateral
   2. gray matter; white matter
   3. ipsilateral; contralateral
   4. white matter; gray matter

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. ____ refers to transmission of information to the opposite side, whereas ____ refers to transmission to the same side.
   1. Contralateral; ipsilateral
   2. Occipital; frontal
   3. Ipsilateral; contralateral
   4. Parietal; temporal

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

1. Most motor information transmission is ____.
   1. parietal
   2. contralateral
   3. ipsilateral
   4. occipital

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. The corpus callosum serves to ____.
   1. make certain contralateral transmissions ipsilateral
   2. regulate the transmission of information along the cerebral cortex
   3. allow transmission of information between the left and right hemispheres
   4. transmit information from the left and right hemispheres to the spinal cord

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Suppose there are two radio stations, one receiving signals from the western hemisphere and one receiving signals from the eastern hemisphere. A cable connects the two stations so that signals sent out from one half of the world can be transmitted to the other half. This cable is analogous to the brain’s ____.
   1. corpus callosum
   2. cerebral cortex
   3. white matter
   4. medulla oblongata

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

1. The two halves of the brain, which rely on the corpus callosum for communication, are called _____.
   1. hemispheres
   2. lobes
   3. contralaterals
   4. caudals

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. French physician Marc Dax noticed a relationship between the loss of speech and the side of the brain in which damage had occurred in patients suffering from ____.
   1. prosopagnosia
   2. aphasia
   3. ablation
   4. schizophrenia

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Paul Broca believed that ____.
   1. localization of function does not exist
   2. the left hemisphere of the brain is critical to normal speech function
   3. the right hemisphere of the brain is critical to normal speech function
   4. neither hemisphere of the brain is critical to normal speech function

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Based on extensive research, Karl Lashley concluded that localization of specific memories ____.
   1. can be demonstrated through the use of a large variety of techniques
   2. can be demonstrated only by using incision
   3. can be demonstrated only by using ablation
   4. cannot be demonstrated

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Which part of the left hemisphere of the brain appears to contribute to language comprehension?

a. Dax’s area

b. Wernicke’s area

c. Lashley’s area

d. Broca’s area

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Split-brain patients sometimes have difficulty reconciling information that is ____ and thus largely localized in the left hemisphere with information that is ____ and thus generally localized in the right hemisphere.
   1. verbal; spatial
   2. spatial; verbal
   3. visual; auditory
   4. tactile; olfactory

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

1. Which abilities have been found to be localized on the right side of the brain for most split-brain patients?
   1. the ability to follow stories
   2. nearly all language functions
   3. skilled, purposeful movement
   4. finding patterns in visual stimuli

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

1. The approach to studying the brain in order to understand what specific part of the brain controls what specific skills or behaviors is called ____.
   1. synthesis
   2. localization of function
   3. ecological validity
   4. lobotomy

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. What percentage of the adult population has language functions predominantly localized in the left hemisphere of the brain?
   1. 100
   2. 90
   3. 50
   4. 20

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. When viewing a picture that is half one person’s face and half another person’s face, a split brain patient would most likely ____.
   1. ask why you are showing her half of two different faces
   2. say the image portrays the whole face of whomever is depicted on the right side
   3. point to the image of the whole face of whomever is depicted on the right side
   4. simply be unable to answer because the question seems nonsensical

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Juan has a disorder affecting his ability to perform skilled movements. Juan most likely has ____.
   1. dyslexia
   2. aphasia
   3. apraxia
   4. agnosia

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. ____ is well known for his work with split-brain patients.
   1. Lashley
   2. Broca
   3. Gazzaniga
   4. Dax

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. The cerebral hemispheres and cortex can be divided into four parts, called ____, that are largely arbitrary anatomical regions divided by fissures.
   1. lobes
   2. sulci
   3. gyri
   4. ventricles

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. The frontal lobe is responsible for ____.
   1. sensing pain and pressure
   2. visual processing
   3. auditory processing
   4. higher thought processes and motor processing

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Which of the following would most likely involve the use of the frontal lobe?
   1. Tia sees her finger in a nutcracker.
   2. Tia feels incredible pain when she gets her finger caught in a nutcracker.
   3. Tia hears a nutcracker closing.
   4. Tia considers how to use an oddly designed nutcracker to crack a nut.

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

1. The parietal lobe is primarily responsible for ____.
   1. planning and execution of movement
   2. somatosensory processing
   3. auditory processing
   4. visual processing

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. The main functions of the temporal and occipital lobes, respectively, are ____.
   1. visual processing and auditory processing
   2. gustatory processing and olfactory processing
   3. auditory processing and visual processing
   4. olfactory processing and gustatory processing

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Tom puts his hand on a warm stove burner and senses the heat coming from the stove. The message of warmth travels from his hand to which lobe of the brain?
   1. occipital
   2. parietal
   3. temporal
   4. frontal

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Apply

1. Mary wakes up in the middle of the night to hear a loud thump coming from the stairway. She then hears creaking and a voice whispering. Her ____ lobe makes it possible for her to hear the sounds.
   1. occipital
   2. parietal
   3. temporal
   4. frontal

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Apply

1. Joe is walking around a room completely in the dark. He cannot see anything. When he feels the doorknob with his hand, he pulls the door open. What location in the brain most directly enabled him to accomplish what he attempted?
   1. the temporal lobe
   2. the occipital lobe
   3. the parietal lobe
   4. the cerebral fissures

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Apply

1. Which part of the brain, located in the frontal lobe, is important for controlling movement?
   1. the ventricles
   2. the cerebral fissures
   3. somatosensory cortex
   4. primary motor cortex

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. The parietal lobe contains the ____, which is involved in experiencing pressure, texture, temperature, and pain.
   1. association areas
   2. primary motor cortex
   3. primary somatosensory cortex
   4. primary visual cortex

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Although the brain makes up only one fortieth of the total weight of the adult human body, it uses ____ of the circulating blood, available oxygen, and available glucose.
   1. one-thirtieth
   2. one-twentieth
   3. one-tenth
   4. one-fifth

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Cells called ____ transmit information throughout the nervous system.
   1. glia
   2. astrocytes
   3. myelin
   4. neurons

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. What is the junction between terminal buttons of one neuron with the dendrites of other neurons called?
   1. synapse
   2. soma
   3. nodes
   4. hillock

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. At the end of the branches of an axon are the ____, which look like small knobs.
   1. terminal buttons
   2. synapses
   3. nodes of Ranvier
   4. astrocytes

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. The chemical messengers of the nervous system are called ____.

a. synapse

b. hormones

c. neurotransmitters

d. neurobinders

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Three types of chemical substances appear to be involved in neurotransmission: ____.
   1. monoamine neurotransmitters, amino-acid neurotransmitters, and neurobinders
   2. monoamine neurotransmitters, amino-acid neurotransmitters, and neuropeptides
   3. amino-acid neurotransmitters, neurobinders, and cerebropeptides
   4. monoamine neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and neurobinders

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Adrian has Alzheimer’s and has a difficult time with his memory. The doctors say that his memory difficulties are associated with low levels of ____.
   1. acetylcholine
   2. dopamine
   3. dratonin
   4. serotonin

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Apply

1. Which neurotransmitter is most associated with attention, reward and reinforcement, learning, and motivational processes?
   1. acetylcholine
   2. dopamine
   3. GABA
   4. serotonin

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Which neurotransmitter is important for regulating impulsivity and is associated with eating behavior as well as aggressive behavior?
   1. acetylcholine
   2. dopamine
   3. GABA
   4. serotonin

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Kent is a chronic alcoholic and is homeless. As a result of both his chronic heavy alcohol use and his dietary deficiencies, Kent’s ____ has deteriorated and he is experiencing memory problems.
   1. hypothalamus
   2. hippocampus
   3. septum
   4. amygdala

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

1. In which technique do researchers document the behaviors of individuals thought to have brain damage and then, after the person dies, examine the brain for lesions?
   1. postmortem studies
   2. in vivo techniques
   3. ipsilateral transmission
   4. brain damage analysis (BDA)

REF: Viewing the Structures and Functions of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Which of the following is NOT an in vivo technique for viewing the structures and functions of the brain?

a. recording the electrical activity of the brain

b. still-imaging of the brain (e.g., CT scan, MRI scan)

c. examining how radioactive material is transported and used in the brain

d. dissecting the brain to locate possible lesions

REF: Viewing the Structures and Functions of the Brain

KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

66. Tan, a patient of Broca’s who had severe speech problems, was capable of uttering only one syllable “Tan” (hence the name). After Tan’s death, examination of his brain revealed a number of lesions in the frontal lobe. It was ascertained from this that parts of the frontal lobe are important for speech production. Gathering knowledge from someone about brain function after death with known difficulties is an example of ____.

• 1. Broca’s technique
  2. brain capacity functional analysis
  3. in vivo techniques
  4. postmortem studies

REF: Viewing the Structures and Functions of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Apply

67. Derrick has a number of electrodes attached to his head. He is probably about to participate in a study involving use of ____.

a. fMRI

b. ERPs

c. PET

d. CT scan

REF: Viewing the Structures and Functions of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Apply

1. Which technique to study the living brain is based on examining the recording of the electrical frequencies and intensities of the brain over time?
   1. CT
   2. PET
   3. EEG
   4. MRI

REF: Viewing the Structures and Functions of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Which techniques for studying the brain obtain a still image that can help with revealing the structures of the brain?
   1. metabolic techniques
   2. electrical techniques
   3. static techniques
   4. functional techniques

REF: Viewing the Structures and Functions of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Which static imaging technique uses a strong magnetic field to analyze magnetic changes in the energy of the orbits of nuclear particles in the molecules of the body?
   1. MRI
   2. BSE
   3. ERT
   4. PET

REF: Viewing the Structures and Functions of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. What type of technique takes advantage of the brain’s consumption of glucose or oxygen and specifically looks for which part of the brain is most active during more generalized processing?
   1. metabolic techniques
   2. electrical techniques
   3. static techniques
   4. functional techniques

REF: Viewing the Structures and Functions of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Which type of metabolic imaging technique uses a radioactive form of oxygen that emits positrons as it is metabolized to look at the physiological functioning of the brain in action?
   1. EEG
   2. GMT
   3. PET
   4. ERPs

REF: Viewing the Structures and Functions of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Which neuroimaging technique is able to look at increases in oxygen use to produce an image of the working brain?
   1. fMRI
   2. MRI
   3. CT
   4. ERP

REF: Viewing the Structures and Functions of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Which technique for studying cognition temporarily disrupts normal activity of the brain in a very small area by placing a coil on the person’s head and passing a current through it?
   1. EEG
   2. TMS
   3. MRI
   4. MEG

REF: Viewing the Structures and Functions of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Which technique involves measuring brain activity through detection of magnetic fields by placing a device over the head?
   1. TMS
   2. fMRI
   3. EEG
   4. MEG

REF: Viewing the Structures and Functions of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Which disorder is caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain and often results in noticeable loss in cognitive functioning?
   1. vascular disorder
   2. dementing disorder
   3. neurodegenerative disorder
   4. neoplastic disorder

REF: Brain Disorders KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Another name for a tumor is ____.
   1. hemorrhagia
   2. neoplasm
   3. ischemia
   4. apraxia

REF: Brain Disorders KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Which type of stroke occurs when fatty tissue that has built up over years breaks free and then becomes lodged in an artery in the brain?
   1. neoplastic stroke
   2. hemorrhagic stroke
   3. dementing stroke
   4. ischemic stroke

REF: Brain Disorders KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Which type of stroke is due to a blood vessel in the brain suddenly breaking and filling the surrounding tissue with blood, causing cells to die?
   1. ischemic stroke
   2. neoplasms
   3. hemorrhagic stroke
   4. aphasic stroke

REF: Brain Disorders KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

1. Some individuals experience closed-head injuries in combat or in accidents. What characterizes a closed-head injury?
   1. The skull has been penetrated and the brain has been damaged.
   2. There is no evidence of any physical damage but there is a psychological disorder.
   3. The skull has not been penetrated but there is damage to the brain.
   4. The damage has occurred over time as a result of repeated head injuries.

REF: Brain Disorders KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

Essay

1. List the three main regions of the brain and the structures in each.

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

2. Explain the concept of hemispheric specialization. Include in your discussion a description of the abilities of each hemisphere and the role of the corpus callosum.

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

3. Identify and discuss the roles of three neurotransmitters.

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

4. List and describe the function of the various neuronal structures.

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

5. Describe the different types of strokes and the impact they have on the brain.

REF: Brain Disorders KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

6. How can researchers trace observed behavior resulting from brain damage to a certain location in the brain once a patient has died?

REF: Viewing the Structures and Functions of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

7. What are the major functions of the hypothalamus?

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

8. An individual with intractable epilepsy has had her corpus callosum severed in an attempt to reduce her seizures. The patient has been asked to draw a three-dimensional form with her left hand. The patient is successful. However, when asked to draw the same object with the right hand, the patient was not able to perform the task successfully. Why not?

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Apply

9. What is the basic premise of metabolic imaging? Identify at least two metabolic imaging methods and explain how they are conducted.

REF: Viewing the Structures and Functions of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

10. Describe the homunculus of the primary motor cortex. How is the size of a given structure on the homunculus (for example, the lips as opposed to the toes) related to function? Compare this to the somatosensory homunculus.

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze

11. Identify the four lobes of the brain and outline the major functions of each.

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Analyze

12. When Henry Molaison, known to generations of psychology students as HM, the man who, following surgical damage to his hippocampus in an attempt to lessen his seizures, suffered profound and wide-ranging memory loss, died in 2008, he had arranged to donate his brain to science for post mortem examination. Why is it that, even with today’s sophisticated imaging techniques, post mortem analyses remain scientifically valuable?

REF: Viewing the Structures and Functions of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Evaluate

13. How does Gazzaniga view the question of hemispheric specialization? How do the hemispheres function independently and how do they function together?

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

14. Neurological disorders like Parkinson’s may be treated with medications that affect neurotransmitter systems. Identify a major side effect of medications used for Parkinson’s and explain how it is that drugs intended to affect movement or cognition have such a broad array of side effects unrelated to the reasons the drugs were prescribed.

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

15. Compare and contrast the two major types of head injuries. What are the long-term implications of head injuries in terms of functioning?

REF: Brain Disorders KEY: Bloom’s: Remember

16. As part of a research project for a biological psychology class, you are assigned to work with experienced researchers who have access to equipment that allows you to study the human brain. Describe two electrical in vivo techniques and how they would allow you to learn about the human brain.

REF: Viewing the Structures and Functions of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Evaluate

17. Describe Farah’s research on childhood poverty and cognitive neuroscience. What are the implications of her work?

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

18. Describe ipsilateral and contralateral projection in the human brain.

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

19. Describe the gross anatomy and general functions of the cerebral cortex.

REF: Cognition in the Brain: The Anatomy and Mechanisms of the Brain KEY: Bloom’s: Understand

20. What are the major types of brain tumors? What symptoms do they produce? How are they diagnosed and treated?

REF: Brain Disorders KEY: Bloom’s: Understand