Chapter 2: Cultural Meaning Systems, Cultural Trust, and Cultural Humility

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. A(n) ______ perspective is culturally specific.

A. emic

B. etic

C. monocultural

D. ethnocentric

Learning Objective: 2-1: Identify cultural principles that affect clients’ lives and their mental health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Emic and Etic Perspectives on Culture

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. A(n) ______ perspective is culturally universal.

A. emic

B. etic

C. monocultural

D. ethnocentric

Learning Objective: 2-1: Identify cultural principles that affect clients’ lives and their mental health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Emic and Etic Perspectives on Culture

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Why did CACREP institute a requirement of teaching neuroscience in counselor education?

A. to maintain consistency with other mental health profession’s training programs

B. to demonstrate the minimal overlap between neuroscience and culture

C. to allow counselors to integrate neuroscience into clinical work

D. to allow counselors to pursue research in this area

Learning Objective: 2-5: Explain the role of neuroscience in counselor education programs in helping students to develop an understanding of the neurobiology of behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Culture and Neuroscience

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Eastern cultures tend to place a higher value on ______ brain information processing, whereas Western cultures tend to place higher value on ______ brain information processing.

A. collectivistic; individualistic

B. individualistic; collectivistic

C. left; right

D. right; left

Learning Objective: 2-2: Discuss how culture influences the hemispheres of the brain.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Neuroscience and Cultural Differences

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. All of the following are levels of the Tripartite Model EXCEPT ______.

A. individual

B. group

C. system

D. universal

Learning Objective: 2-4: Recognize that cultural attitudes, beliefs, and values are well-traveled neural pathways in the brain that allow individuals to develop their own “personal culture” that reflects their views on what should be the role of culture in their life.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Culture and the Process of Identity Development: The Tripartite Model

Difficult Level: Medium

6. How does a child first learn about culture?

A. from their own neural pathways

B. from their parents

C. from their school

D. from their community

Learning Objective: 2-3: Describe how individuals’ cultural attachments lay the groundwork for developing a cultural identity.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cultural Introjection and Cultural Attachment

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. What is cultural countertransference?

A. the relationship between a therapist and client who are from two different cultures

B. a therapist’s transaction with their communal culture

C. mix of intersecting beliefs and experiences that take place consciously and unconsciously within the therapist

D. the interactions between individual and community cultural characteristics

Learning Objective: 2-4: Recognize that cultural attitudes, beliefs, and values are well-traveled neural pathways in the brain that allow individuals to develop their own “personal culture” that reflects their views on what should be the role of culture in their life.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cultural Countertransference

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Acculturative stress occurs when ______.

A. individuals consciously or unconsciously try to adapt to the values of a different culture

B. individuals in power try to maintain boundaries between themselves and others

C. individuals who are marginalized try to overcome boundaries set forth by those in power

D. individuals consciously decide to identify with the mainstream culture

Learning Objective: 2-6: Recognize and counsel clients effectively who are experiencing acculturative stress.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Acculturation

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. Which of the following is a strategy that therapists can engage in to reach across the cultural divide with clients?

A. using a multiculturally sensitive structured interview

B. soliciting cultural stories

C. psychoeducation

D. diagnosis

Learning Objective: 2-7: Explain how to establish cultural trust, cultural empathy, and cultural humility in a culturally diverse counseling relationship.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Culturally Responsive Counseling: Reaching Across Barriers

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Which of the following terms is defined as “. . . a clinician’s ability to understand and respond sensitively and appropriately to a client’s cultural story and the cultural context of his or her presenting problem?”

A. cultural trust

B. cultural sympathy

C. cultural competence

D. cultural empathy

Learning Objective: 2-7: Explain how to establish cultural trust, cultural empathy, and cultural humility in a culturally diverse counseling relationship.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cultural Empathy and Cultural Competence

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Cultural competence is influenced by neural pathways that have been created by cultural interactions or lack of cultural interactions.

Learning Objective: 2-4: Recognize that cultural attitudes, beliefs, and values are well-traveled neural pathways in the brain that allow individuals to develop their own “personal culture” that reflects their views on what should be the role of culture in their life.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Culture and Neuroscience

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Each person develops an attachment to their own culture.

Learning Objective: 2-3: Describe how individuals’ cultural attachments lay the groundwork for developing a cultural identity.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cultural Introjection and Cultural Attachment

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Although ethnic identity is powerful, it is less powerful than one’s individual personality.

Learning Objective: 2-4: Recognize that cultural attitudes, beliefs, and values are well-traveled neural pathways in the brain that allow individuals to develop their own “personal culture” that reflects their views on what should be the role of culture in their life.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Summary of Factors That Influence Cultural, Ethnic, and Racial Identity

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Cultural compatibility between the therapist and client improves the therapeutic relationship.

Learning Objective: 2-1: Identify cultural principles that affect clients’ lives and their mental health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Cultural Compatibility Hypothesis for Counseling Culturally Diverse Clients

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. Describe the iceberg concept of culture and why it is important for counselors to understand.

Learning Objective: 2-1: Identify cultural principles that affect clients’ lives and their mental health issues.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Iceberg Concept of Culture

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. What is the Tripartite Model? List and briefly describe each of the three levels.

Learning Objective: 2-4: Recognize that cultural attitudes, beliefs, and values are well-traveled neural pathways in the brain that allow individuals to develop their own “personal culture” that reflects their views on what should be the role of culture in their life.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Culture and the Process of Identity Development: The Tripartite Model

Difficulty Level: Medium