Short-Term Scheduling – Ch15 Test Bank | 10th Global

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Operations Management, 10e, Global Edition (Heizer/Render)

Chapter 15 Short-Term Scheduling

1) Delta uses mathematical short-term scheduling techniques and a high-tech nerve center to manage the rapid rescheduling necessary to cope with weather delays and similar disruptions.

Diff: 2

Topic: Global company profile

Objective: no LO

2) Short-term scheduling is important to efficiency and to cost reduction, but its impact is not of strategic importance.

Diff: 2

Topic: The importance of short-term scheduling

Objective: LO15-1

3) The benefits of effective scheduling include lower cost, faster delivery, and dependable delivery.

Diff: 2

Topic: The importance of short-term scheduling

Objective: LO15-1

4) In forward scheduling, jobs are scheduled as late as possible within the time allowed by the customer due dates.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling issues

Objective: LO15-1

5) One criterion for developing effective schedules is minimizing completion time.

Diff: 1

Topic: Scheduling issues

Objective: LO15-1

6) Scheduling optimization systems used in retail stores typically track customer traffic in 4-hour time increments.

Diff: 3

Topic: Scheduling services

AACSB: Use of IT

Objective: LO15-1

7) Process-focused facilities and repetitive facilities generate forward-looking schedules, but process-focused facilities do this with JIT and kanban while repetitive facilities generally use MRP.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling issues

Objective: LO15-1

8) The work-center master file contains data such as capacity and efficiency.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling process-focused facilities

Objective: LO15-1

9) The constant work-in-process (ConWIP) card aids input-output control by limiting the amount of work in a work center.

Diff: 1

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-2

10) A Gantt load chart shows the loading and idle time of several departments, machines, or facilities.

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-2

11) Gantt charts are useful for scheduling jobs, but not for loading them.

Diff: 1

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-2

12) The assignment method provides an optimum, one-to-one assignment of jobs to resources.

Diff: 1

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-3

13) Earliest due date is a shop floor dispatching (sequencing) rule that relates the time available to complete a job to the amount of work left to be completed.

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

14) The critical ratio sequencing rule prioritizes the jobs based on the importance or value of the customers who have placed the orders.

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

15) Dispatching rules are typically judged by four effectiveness criteria: average completion time, utilization, average number of jobs in the system, and average job lateness.

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

16) Johnson's rule (and its extensions) sequences a set of jobs through a set of operations where the operations must be performed in a specific order.

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-5

17) Finite capacity scheduling allows virtually instantaneous changes by operators, which is the technique's primary advantage over rule-based scheduling.

Diff: 2

Topic: Finite capacity scheduling (FCS)

Objective: LO15-6

18) The word "finite" in finite capacity scheduling refers to the use of finite or limited capacity rather than unlimited capacity.

Diff: 2

Topic: Finite capacity scheduling (FCS)

Objective: LO15-6

19) The first step in level material use is to combine orders into a few large batches in order to utilize economies of scale.

Diff: 1

Topic: Scheduling repetitive facilities

Objective: no LO

20) In services, the scheduling emphasis is usually on staffing levels, not materials.

Diff: 1

Topic: Scheduling services

Objective: LO15-7

21) Because of the significance of labor in the scheduling of services, behavioral and social issues, wage and hour law, and union contracts all complicate the scheduling process.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling services

Objective: LO15-7

22) In manufacturing scheduling, physical inventories of goods can buffer variations in demand, but service scheduling normally lacks that buffer because services are generally consumed at the same time they are delivered.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling services

Objective: LO15-7

23) Some firms have developed arrangements to literally "swap" employees with each other during their respective peak demand times.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling services

Objective: LO15-7

24) Which of the following statements regarding scheduling at Delta Airlines is false?

A) About one flight in twenty is disrupted by weather events.

B) Schedule changes at one airport have a ripple effect that may have impacts in many others.

C) Delta's high-tech computer and communications system is located in Atlanta.

D) Delta's rapid rescheduling uses mathematical scheduling models.

E) Delta's rapid rescheduling promotes air safety and limits traveler inconvenience, but has not resulted in money savings for Delta.

Diff: 2

Topic: Global company profile

Objective: no LO

25) Which of the following best describes the strategic importance of short-term scheduling?

A) Effective scheduling, through lower costs, faster delivery, and more dependable schedules, can provide a competitive advantage.

B) Effective scheduling is a tactical tool for increasing demand to meet production.

C) Forward scheduling looks to future demand levels in order to increase customer satisfaction.

D) Aggregate planning is a tactical action, but short-term scheduling is strategic because of its immense impact on costs.

E) Short-term scheduling matches capacity to demand during the short term, three to eighteen months into the future.

Diff: 2

Topic: The importance of short-term scheduling

Objective: LO15-1

26) The three components that can lead to competitive advantage through effective scheduling are

A) aggregate planning, intermediate scheduling, and medium-term planning

B) forward scheduling, real-time scheduling, and backward scheduling

C) the item master file, the routing file, and the work-center master file

D) lower costs, faster delivery, and more dependable schedules

E) Gantt charts, Johnson's rule and the Pareto principle

Diff: 2

Topic: The importance of short-term scheduling

Objective: LO15-1

27) Which of the following is not a key benefit from effective scheduling?

A) higher cost

B) faster delivery

C) consistent delivery

D) quality

E) A and D

Diff: 2

Topic: The importance of short-term scheduling

Objective: LO15-1

28) The objective of scheduling is to

A) maximize quality

B) minimize cost

C) minimize response time

D) prioritize and allocate demand to capacity

E) minimize lead time

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling issues

Objective: LO15-1

29) The correct sequence from longest to smallest duration scheduling is

A) capacity planning, aggregate planning, master schedule, short-term schedule

B) aggregate planning, capacity planning, master schedule, short-term schedule

C) master schedule, capacity planning, aggregate planning, short-term schedule

D) master schedule, aggregate planning, capacity planning, short-term schedule

E) None of the above is correct

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling issues

Objective: LO15-1

30) The sequence of decisions that affect scheduling is

A) short term→intermediate term→long term

B) capacity planning→aggregate planning→master schedule→short-term schedules

C) strategic decisions→tactical decisions→operational decisions

D) forward decisions→current decisions→backward decisions

E) none of the above

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling issues

Objective: LO15-1

31) Forward scheduling is the scheduling of

A) the end items or finished products

B) jobs as soon as the requirements are known

C) the start items or component parts

D) the final operation first beginning with the due date

E) jobs according to their profit contributions

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling issues

Objective: LO15-1

32) Short-term schedules are prepared

A) directly from the aggregate plans

B) directly from the capacity plans

C) from inventory records for items that have been used up

D) from master schedules which are derived from aggregate plans

E) from the purchasing plans

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling issues

Objective: LO15-1

33) Which scheduling technique should be employed when due dates are important for a job order?

A) forward scheduling

B) loading

C) dispatching

D) backward scheduling

E) master scheduling

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling issues

Objective: LO15-1

34) Which of the following is not an effectiveness criterion for scheduling?

A) minimizing customer waiting time

B) minimizing completion time

C) minimizing WIP inventory

D) maximizing utilization

E) maximizing flow time

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling issues

Objective: LO15-1

35) The scheduling criterion minimize work-in-process inventory

A) results in the smallest flowtime of all scheduling criteria

B) is especially useful in problems solved with Johnson's rule

C) uses the average number of jobs in the system as the indicator of the level of inventory

D) is identical to the maximize utilization criterion

E) All of the above are true.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling issues

Objective: LO15-1

36) The four criteria for short-term scheduling

A) are of equal importance

B) include maximize completion time and minimize utilization

C) are applied simultaneously

D) may have different levels of importance, depending on circumstances

E) All of the above are true.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling issues

Objective: LO15-1

37) Forward scheduling

A) begins with a delivery date, then offsets each operation one at a time, in reverse order

B) is well suited where the supplier is usually able to meet precise delivery dates

C) tends to minimize work-in-process inventory

D) assumes that procurement of material and operations start as soon as requirements are known

E) produces a schedule only if it meets the due date

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling issues

Objective: LO15-1

38) Scheduling is rather straightforward in product-focused facilities because

A) kanban automates the scheduling of the assembly line

B) demand is reasonably stable, and capacities, set-up times, and run times are generally known

C) assembly line balancing assures the highest possible production efficiency

D) finite capacity scheduling has made MRP much more realistic

E) All of the above are true.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling process-focused facilities

Objective: LO15-1

39) Which file contains important information regarding an item's flow through the shop?

A) item master file

B) work-center master file

C) control files

D) routing file

E) None of the above provides information regarding an item's flow through the shop.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling process-focused facilities

Objective: LO15-1

40) Which of these is not part of the planning files of a production planning and control system?

A) a progress file

B) a work-center master file

C) an item master file

D) a routing file

E) All of the above are all part of the planning files.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling process-focused facilities

Objective: LO15-1

41) Which of the following files tracks work order progress?

A) work-center master files

B) routing files

C) item master files

D) control files

E) None of the above tracks work order progress.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling process-focused facilities

Objective: LO15-1

42) The production database containing information about each of the components that a firm produces or purchases is the

A) routing file

B) work-center master file

C) control file

D) item master file

E) none of the above

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling process-focused facilities

Objective: LO15-1

43) The short-term scheduling activity called loading

A) assigns dates to specific jobs or operations steps

B) specifies the order in which jobs should be done at each center

C) assigns jobs to work centers

D) assigns workers to jobs

E) assigns workers to machines

Diff: 1

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-2

44) A work center had actual input of 280 hours and actual output of 270 hours. What is the change in backlog?

A) 10

B) -10

C) 0

D) 1.037

E) unable to determine with given information

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-2

45) A work center had planned outputs of 10,15,13, and 20 hours with actual outputs of 12, 14, 13, and 18 hours. The cumulative deviation in output is

A) 0

B) 1

C) -1

D) 58

E) unable to determine with given information

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-2

46) A work center is interested in limiting work-in-process by not allowing production to start again until the current batch is finished. The best solution most likely involves

A) MRP

B) ConWIP cards

C) Gantt Charts

D) Johnson's rule

E) Loading

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-2

47) The assignment method is

A) a method to highlight overloads in a given work center

B) a computerized method of determining appropriate tasks for an operation

C) a form of linear programming for optimally assigning tasks or jobs to resources

D) the same thing as the Gantt schedule chart

E) a method for achieving a balance between forward and backward scheduling

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-3

48) A scheduling technique used to achieve optimum, one-to-one matching of tasks and resources is

A) the assignment method

B) Johnson's rule

C) the CDS algorithm

D) the appointment method

E) the reservation method

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-3

49) There are two jobs to be assigned to two workers. If the profit for worker A on Job 1 is $5 and on Job 2 $8 and for worker B Job 1 profit is $10 and profit from job 2 is $12 how should the work be divided using the assignment method?

A) worker A- job 1 worker B- job 2

B) worker A- job 2 worker B- job 1

C) worker A gets both jobs 1 and 2

D) worker B gets both jobs 1 and 2

E) unable to determine

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-3

50) If job 5 takes 3, 4 or 5 hours to be completed by workers A, B, and C, respectively what would the row values for job 5 be after performing the first step of the assignment method?

A) 3, 4, 5

B) 8, 9, 10

C) 0, 1, 2

D) 6, 7, 8

E) unable to determine

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-3

51) EDD stands for

A) earliest due date

B) earliest design date

C) earliest detrimental date

D) earliest decision date

E) none of the above

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-4

52) Using LPT priority would result in what sequence for Jobs A, B, C, and D if their process times are 4, 6, 5, 2 respectively?

A) ABCD

B) DCBA

C) DACB

D) DABC

E) none of the above

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-4

53) Which of the following is an aid used to monitor jobs in process?

A) a Gantt load chart

B) the assignment method

C) a Gantt schedule chart

D) Johnson's rule

E) none of the above

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-2

54) A method of input-output control that uses a system of cards to limit the amount of work at a work center and also to control lead time and monitor backlog is

A) the assignment method

B) backward scheduling

C) forward scheduling

D) constant work-in-process or ConWIP

E) level material use

Diff: 1

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-1

55) If an assignment problem consists of 6 workers and 7 projects,

A) one worker will not get a project assignment

B) one worker will be assigned two projects

C) each worker will contribute work toward the seventh project

D) one project will not get a worker assigned

E) The problem cannot be solved by assignment method.

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-3

56) If an assignment problem consists of 5 workers and 4 projects,

A) one worker will not get a project assignment

B) one project will be assigned two workers

C) the fifth worker will split time among the four projects

D) one project will not get a worker assigned

E) The problem cannot be solved by assignment method.

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-3

57) Three jobs are to be assigned to three machines. Cost for each job-machine combination appears in the table below. Perform the first two steps of the assignment method (subtract the smallest number in each row and subtract the smallest number in each column; then cover with straight lines). At this point in the problem-solving process

A) the row for Job 1 contains the values 5, 6, and 0

B) calculations are complete, and the problem is ready for an optimal set of assignments

C) the column for Machine B indicates that it should be retired

D) Job 1 should be performed on Machine B

E) Job 1 should be performed on Machine A

Diff: 3

Topic: Loading jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-3

58) Orders are processed in the sequence in which they arrive if (the) __________ rule sequences the jobs.

A) earliest due date

B) slack time remaining

C) first come, first served

D) critical ratio

E) Johnson's

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

59) Which of the following dispatching rules ordinarily gives the best results when the criterion is lowest time for completion of the full sequence of jobs?

A) shortest processing time (SPT)

B) critical ratio (CR)

C) first in, first out (FIFO)

D) first come, first served (FCFS)

E) longest processing time

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

60) Five jobs are waiting to be processed. Their processing times and due dates are given below. Using the shortest processing time dispatching rule, in which order should the jobs be processed?

A) A, B, C, D, E

B) C, E, A, D, B

C) B, D, A, E, C

D) D, A, E, B, C

E) C, E, A, D, B

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-4

61) Sequencing (or dispatching)

A) assigns dates to specific jobs or operations steps

B) assigns jobs to work centers

C) specifies the order in which jobs should be done at each center

D) assigns workers to jobs

E) assigns workers to machines

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

62) Five jobs are waiting to be processed. Their processing times and due dates are given below. Using the earliest due date dispatching rule, in which order should the jobs be processed?

A) C, E, A, D, B

B) A, B, C, D, E

C) B, D, A, E, C

D) C, B, A, E, D

E) none of the above

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-4

63) Flow time represents the time

A) an order spends waiting for processing at a work center

B) an order spends being processed at a work center

C) an order spends moving from one work center to another

D) to complete an order, including time spent in processing and in waiting

E) none of the above

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

64) Which of the following dispatching rules tends to minimize job flow time?

A) FCFS: first come, first served

B) SPT: shortest processing time

C) EDD: earliest due date

D) LPT: longest processing time

E) FCLS: first come, last served

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

65) Average completion time for a schedule sequence at a work center is the ratio of

A) total processing time to the number of jobs

B) total flow time to total processing time

C) total flow time to the number of jobs

D) total processing time plus total late time to the number of jobs

E) total flow time plus total late time to the number of jobs

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

66) Eight jobs have been sequenced at a single work center. Total processing time for the eight jobs is 34 hours and total flow time for the sequence is 85 hours. For this schedule, utilization is __________ and average jobs in the system is __________.

A) 100 percent; 10.625

B) low; .0941

C) 0.400 or 40 percent; 2.5

D) 0.235 or 23.5 percent; 4.25

E) maximized; minimized

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-4

67) Five welding jobs are waiting to be processed. Their processing times and due dates are given below. Using the critical ratio dispatching rule, in which order should the jobs be processed? All dates are specified as days from Today.

A) B, D, A, E, C

B) C, D, A, B, E

C) C, E, A, D, B

D) E, B, A, D, C

E) none of the above

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-4

68) Which critical ratio value implies that a job is already late?

A) more than 100

B) 1

C) less than 1

D) 10

E) none of the above

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

69) The priority rule which sequences jobs using the smallest ratio of due date to processing time is

A) critical ratio

B) earliest due date

C) first come, first served

D) longest processing time

E) shortest processing time

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

70) Which of the following is an advantage of the FCFS dispatching rule when used in services?

A) FCFS is easy to update.

B) FCFS minimizes the average number of jobs in the system.

C) FCFS minimizes the average lateness of all jobs.

D) FCFS maximizes the number of jobs completed on time.

E) FCFS seems fair to customers.

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

71) The most appropriate sequencing rule to use if the goal is to dynamically track the progress of jobs and establish relative priority on a common basis is

A) shortest processing time

B) earliest due date

C) critical ratio

D) longest processing time

E) Johnson's rule

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

72) Use of the shortest processing time sequencing rule generally results in

A) maximum average lateness

B) maximum utilization

C) maximum effectiveness

D) minimum average flow time

E) none of the above

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

73) Which of the following dispatching rules is typically the best technique for taking first those jobs with the most urgent needs?

A) shortest processing time

B) critical ratio

C) earliest due date

D) longest processing time

E) none of the above

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

74) When a set of jobs must pass through two workstations whose sequence is fixed, __________ is the sequencing rule most commonly applied.

A) critical ratio

B) earliest due date

C) first come, first served

D) slack time remaining

E) Johnson's rule

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-5

75) A recent advance in short-term scheduling that makes use of expert systems and simulation in solving dynamic scheduling problems is

A) forward scheduling

B) backward scheduling

C) infinite scheduling

D) finite capacity scheduling

E) progressive scheduling

Diff: 2

Topic: Finite capacity scheduling (FCS)

Objective: LO15-6

76) Five jobs are waiting for processing through two work centers. Their processing time (in minutes) at each work center is contained in the table below. Each job requires work center Alpha before work center Beta. According to Johnson's rule, which job should be scheduled first?

A) R

B) S

C) T

D) U

E) V

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-5

77) Five jobs are waiting for processing through two work centers. Their processing time (in minutes) at each work center is contained in the table below. Each job requires work center Sigma before work center Delta. According to Johnson's rule, what sequence of jobs will minimize the completion time for all jobs?

A) R-S-T-U-V

B) S-V-T-R-U

C) S-U-T-V-R

D) V-R-U-S-T

E) none of the above

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-5

78) Which of the following are limitations of rules-based dispatching systems?

A) Rules need to be revised to adjust to changes in orders, product mix, and so forth.

B) Rules may not recognize idle resources.

C) Rules may not recognize bottleneck resources

D) Rules may not be able to prioritize two jobs with identical due dates.

E) All of the above are limitations.

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

79) Five jobs are waiting for processing through two work centers. Their processing time (in minutes) at each work center is contained in the table below. Each job requires work center Alpha before work center Beta. According to Johnson's rule, what is the optimum sequence of jobs and the minimum time for completion of all jobs?

A) V-T-S-U-R; 225

B) U-R-T-S-V; 175

C) R-S-T-U-V; 240

D) U-S-V-T-R; 200

E) none of the above

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-5

80) Conventional MRP uses time buckets that do not recognize capacity limits, and in fact ignores capacity issues. A more realistic scheduling system that includes work center capacities and other resource availabilities is

A) aggregate planning

B) the master production schedule

C) finite capacity scheduling

D) the assignment method

E) level material use

Diff: 2

Topic: Finite capacity scheduling (FCS)

AACSB: Use of IT

Objective: LO15-6

81) Which of the following statements regarding finite capacity scheduling (FCS) is false?

A) Finite capacity scheduling allows delivery needs to be balanced against efficiency.

B) Finite capacity scheduling overcomes the disadvantages of systems based exclusively on rules.

C) Finite capacity scheduling allows virtually instantaneous change by operators.

D) Finite capacity scheduling software formalizes the same data needed in any manual system.

E) None; all of the above are true.

Diff: 2

Topic: Finite capacity scheduling (FCS)

AACSB: Use of IT

Objective: LO15-6

82) Which of the following statements regarding finite capacity scheduling (FCS) is false?

A) Finite capacity scheduling is well suited for dynamic scheduling environments.

B) Finite capacity scheduling overcomes the disadvantages of systems based exclusively on rules.

C) Finite capacity scheduling is very powerful, but does not allow for rapid changes.

D) Finite capacity scheduling often gets its data from the output of an MRP system.

E) None; all of the above are true.

Diff: 2

Topic: Finite capacity scheduling (FCS)

AACSB: Use of IT

Objective: LO15-6

83) An appliance manufacturer assembles icemakers in large batches. The operations manager would like to significantly reduce the batch size. What would you suggest?

A) Use the SPT rule.

B) Use forward scheduling.

C) Use Gantt charts.

D) Use finite scheduling.

E) Develop level material use schedules.

Diff: 2

Topic: Repetitive facilities

Objective: no LO

84) Which of the following is not tracked by scheduling optimization systems used in retail stores?

A) cars parked in the parking lot

B) individual store sales

C) transactions

D) units sold

E) customer traffic

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling services

Objective: LO15-7

85) Which of the following is true regarding services scheduling?

A) The critical ratio sequencing rule is widely used for fairness to customers.

B) The emphasis is on staffing levels, not materials.

C) Reservations and appointments are often used to manipulate the supply of services.

D) Labor use can be intensive, and labor demand is usually stable.

E) All of the above are true.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling services

Objective: LO15-7

86) __________ scheduling begins with the due date and schedules the final operation first and the other job steps in reverse order.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling issues

Objective: LO15-1

87) In the sequence of decisions that affect scheduling, __________ is (are) the immediate follower of the master schedule (or master production schedule).

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling issues

Objective: LO15-1

88) Because facility capacity, set-up time, and run time are usually known, scheduling is often straightforward in __________ facilities.

Diff: 1

Topic: Scheduling issues

Objective: LO15-1

89) __________ is the assignment of jobs to work or processing centers.

Diff: 1

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-3

90) __________ is an input-output control system that uses cards to manage the amount of work in a work center.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling process-focused facilities

Objective: LO15-1

91) __________ are used to schedule resources and allocate time.

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-2

92) The __________ is a special class of linear programming models that involves assigning tasks or jobs to resources.

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-3

93) __________ determines the order in which jobs should be done at each work center.

Diff: 1

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

94) __________ determine the sequence of jobs in process-oriented facilities.

Diff: 1

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

95) The priority rule that appears fair to customers in service systems is __________.

Diff: 1

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

96) An approach to sequencing that can handle the situation where jobs must pass through two or more work centers in a fixed sequence is __________.

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-5

97) __________ uses computerized short-term scheduling to overcome the disadvantages of rule-based systems by providing the user with interactive computing and graphical output.

Diff: 2

Topic: Finite capacity scheduling (FCS)

AACSB: Use of IT

Objective: LO15-6

98) __________ means frequent, high-quality, small lot sizes that contribute to just-in-time production.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling repetitive facilities

Objective: no LO

99) Briefly describe how "the unexpected" makes short-term scheduling at Delta Airlines a challenge. Also describe how Delta meets that challenge, and achieves competitive advantage through short-term scheduling.

Diff: 1

Topic: Global company profile

Objective: no LO

100) What makes short-term scheduling of strategic importance?

Diff: 2

Topic: The importance of short-term scheduling

Objective: LO15-1

101) Explain, in your own words, how backward scheduling and forward scheduling differ.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling issues

Objective: LO15-1

102) How does short-term scheduling vary among the different process choices? Specifically, compare short-term scheduling at process-oriented, work cells, repetitive, and product-focused facilities.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling issues

Objective: LO15-1

103) Identify the types of planning files used in scheduling decisions. Which are used in manual systems, and which are used in automated systems?

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling issues

Objective: LO15-1

104) What is input-output control?

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-1

105) What are the options available to operations personnel to manage facility work flow?

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-3

106) What is the assignment method?

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-3

107) Identify the disadvantages of the Gantt load chart.

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-2

108) What is the difference between a Gantt load chart and a Gantt scheduling chart?

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

Objective: LO15-2

109) What does Johnson's rule do?

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-5

110) In retail outlets, customers are usually processed on a first come, first served basis. Why? Is the express lane in the supermarket an exception? Craft a sequencing rule to explain express lane behavior.

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Objective: LO15-4

111) What is the primary disadvantage of the shortest processing time dispatch rule? Is this a problem if there can be no new jobs arriving after the sequence is set?

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

112) Consider the arrival of patients into a public health clinic. Some patients are ill; some are injured; some are elderly; and some are very young. Some cases may be life-threatening, while others are inconsequential. How do the basic dispatch rules fall short in this situation? Design a dispatch rule for scheduling these patients.

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Objective: LO15-4

113) What are the criteria by which we evaluate sequencing rules?

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

114) What are some limitations of rule-based scheduling systems? What alternatives are there to rules-based scheduling systems?

Diff: 1

Topic: Sequencing jobs

Objective: LO15-4

115) Describe finite capacity scheduling in a sentence or two. What is its role in short-term scheduling?

Diff: 2

Topic: Finite capacity scheduling (FCS)

AACSB: Use of IT

Objective: LO15-6

116) In repetitive manufacturing, what are the advantages of level material use? Does level material use have any role in intermittent process facilities?

1. Lower inventory levels to release capital for other uses.

2. Increase the rate of product throughput.

3. Improve component quality and hence improve product quality.

4. Reduce floor-space requirements.

5. Move employees closer together to improve communication.

6. The production process is smoothed because large lots have not "hidden" the problems.

Intermittent (job shop) facilities have so many additional sources of variation (materials, requirements, work center order, etc.) that there is little role for level material use.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling repetitive facilities

Objective: no LO

117) Explain, in your own words, what is meant by "level material use." In what types of facilities is it appropriate? Explain.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling repetitive facilities

Objective: no LO

118) In what ways does the problem of scheduling service systems differ from that of scheduling manufacturing systems?

1. In manufacturing, emphasis is on materials, whereas in services it is on staffing levels.

2. Service systems do not store inventories of services.

3. Services are labor intensive, and demand for this labor can be highly variable.

4. Legal considerations constrain scheduling decisions.

5. Behavioral, social, seniority, and status issues occur in service scheduling.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling services

Objective: LO15-7

119) Identify some scheduling optimization systems that are used at retail stores. Describe what these systems do.

Diff: 3

Topic: Scheduling services

AACSB: Use of IT

Objective: LO15-7

120) A practitioner of family medicine begins her day with five patients needing urgent care. She does a very brief assessment of what each patient appears to need and estimates the time required of each. None of the cases is life-threatening, and so she determines to take the five in the order that they arrived at the clinic. The data for these patients, in the order they arrived, is Patient A, 30 minutes; Patient B, 40 minutes; Patient C, 10 minutes; Patient D, 50 minutes; and Patient E, 15 minutes.a. If it is now 8:00 a.m., at what time will the doctor be finished with all five of these emergencies?b. How much time will the five patients have collectively spent waiting?c. How much less time would have been spent waiting if the doctor had taken the patients according to shortest processing time?

Sequence: A, B, C, D, E

Sequence; C, E, A, B, D

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-4

121) The emergency room at a hospital estimates the following requirements for registered nurses (RNs) for the late night shift each week. Nurses work four consecutive days, then have off three days.

Perform cyclical scheduling on the data. (Note that you must identify three-day patterns of minimum requirements). How many RNs are required? How much extra capacity is required?

Days off are shaded. Seven full-time RNs are needed; an eighth works Friday only. A total of 29 shifts are used, while only 24 are required; thus 5 shifts represent excess capacity. This solution is not unique, as there are two instances where an arbitrary set of days was selected for minimum sum.

Diff: 2

Topic: Scheduling services

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-7

122) Jack's Refrigeration Repair is under contract to repair, recondition, and/or refurbish commercial and industrial icemakers from restaurants, seafood processors, and similar organizations. Jack currently has five jobs to be scheduled, shown in the order in which they arrived.

a. Complete the following table. (Show your supporting calculations below).

b. Which dispatching rule has the best score for flow time?

c. Which dispatching rule has the best score for work-in-process (jobs in the system)?

d. Which dispatching rule has the best score for lateness?

e. What dispatching rule would you select? Support your decision.

(b,c,d) SPT is best on all three criteria: flow time, work-in-process, and lateness. (e) Most students will select SPT as quite obvious, but EDD is a close second in all criteria. Supporting calculations for each priority rule appear in the tables below.

Average # jobs in system = 2.17

Average # jobs in system = 2.5

Average # jobs in system = 2.20

Average # jobs in system = 3.80

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-4

123) The operations manager of a body and paint shop has five cars to schedule for repair. He would like to minimize the throughput time (makespan) to complete all work on these cars. Each car requires body work prior to painting. The estimates of the times required to do the body and paint work on each are as follows:

a. Chart the progress of these five jobs through the two centers on the basis of the arbitrary order

A→B→C→D→E.

b. After how many hours will all jobs be completed?

c. Use Johnson's rule to sequence these five jobs for minimum total duration. Show your work in

determining the job sequence.

d. The optimal sequence is __________.

e. Chart the progress of the five jobs in this optimal sequence.

f. After how many hours will all jobs be completed?

(c,d) The sequence of jobs is Car D, Car C, Car A, Car E, Car B. Makespan = 43 as per the POM for Windows solution below.

(c) Johnson's method sequence of steps

(e,f)

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-5

124) The president of a consulting firm wants to minimize the total number of hours it will take to complete four projects for a new client. Accordingly, she has estimated the time it should take for each of her top consultants -- Charlie, Gerald, Johnny, and Rick -- to complete any of the four projects, as follows:

a. In how many different ways can she assign these consultants to these projects?

b. What is the total number of hours required by the following arbitrary assignment?

Charlie→B; Gerald→A; Johnny→D; Rick→C

c. What is the optimal assignment of consultants to projects? (Use the assignment method; SHOW YOUR WORK!)

d. For the optimal schedule, what is the total number of hours it will take these consultants to complete these projects?

e. What is the significance, if any, of the fact that Gerald is the best performer at all four projects?

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-3

125) The following jobs are waiting to be processed at your work center, which cleans valve body castings. Job numbers are assigned sequentially upon arrival in the facility (a missing number means that job does not require your work center). All dates are specified as days from Today.

a. In what sequence should the jobs be processed according to the FCFS scheduling rule?

b. In what sequence should the jobs be processed according to the EDD scheduling rule?

c. In what sequence should the jobs be processed according to the SPT scheduling rule?

d. In what sequence should the jobs be processed according to the LPT scheduling rule?

e. In what sequence should the jobs be processed according to the critical ratio scheduling rule?

EDD: 107, 102, 104 and 108 (tie), 101

SPT: 107, 101, 104, 102, 108

LPT: 108, 102, 104, 101, 107

CR: 108 (2.47), 102 (2.83), 104 (3.36), 101 (4.30), 107 (4.57)

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-4

126) Lockport Marine Services, Inc. wishes to assign a set of jobs to a set of machines. The following table provides data on the cost of production of each job when performed on a specific machine.

a. Determine the set of assignments that maximizes production value.

b. What is the total production value of your assignments?

Diff: 2

Topic: Loading jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-3

127) At Morgan's Transformer Rebuilding, a set of five jobs is ready for dispatching to a machine center. The processing times and due dates for the jobs are given in the table below. Use shortest processing time to sequence the jobs, and calculate the average completion time, the average job lateness, and the average number of jobs in the machine center.

Average number of jobs in system: 2.548

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-4

128) At Morgan's Transformer Rebuilding, five jobs are ready now for dispatching to a machine center. The processing times and due dates for the jobs are given below. Use earliest due date to sequence the jobs, and calculate the average completion time, the average job lateness, and the average number of jobs in the machine center.

Average number of jobs in system: 2.58

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-4

129) Use Johnson's rule to determine the optimal sequencing for the five jobs to be processed on two machines in a fixed order (Machine 1 before Machine 2). The processing times are given in the table below.

a. What is the optimal sequence?

b. What is the total flow time for this sequence?

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-5

130) A manufacturer has the following jobs waiting on a single work center. The firm has not decided which dispatching rule to apply in order to prioritize the jobs and fix them into the schedule. Processing time in 15-minute time blocks and due date for each job are in the table below.

a. Complete the following table. Show your supporting calculations below.

b. Which dispatching rule has the best score for flow time? for work in process (jobs in the system)? for lateness?

c. Is there ANY sequence that can avoid all lateness? Explain or provide an example.

(b,c,d) SPT is best for flow time, and for average jobs in system; EDD is best for lateness.

(e) Lateness is unavoidable with any dispatch rule; the sum of processing times is 27 but the longest due date is only 20 days away.

Average number of jobs in system: 3.481

Average number of jobs in system: 3

Average number of jobs in system: 4

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs in work centers

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-4

131) Bob Dresser operates a major appliance warranty service center. His operation has two check stations that are required at the end of every repair task performed by his appliance repair staff. These are the Functionality Review (FR) and the Overall Scan (OS). The FR must be performed successfully before the OS is begun. On Friday morning, six repair jobs are completed, awaiting these two inspection activities. Processing times are given in minutes.

a. What is the optimal sequence of jobs for the objective of minimizing the total flow time?

b. Show your work, and document the sequence.

c. Chart the solution to this problem.

d. What jobs are being processed at time period 90?

e. What is the total flow time of this problem?

(c) The schedule appears in the chart below. (d) Job A is being processed at FR (Machine 1), while Job B is being processed at OS (e) Total flow time for the schedule is 185.

(Machine 2)

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-5

132) Machines A, B, C, and D have been in use for several years, while machine E is new. The following table provides data on the value of production of each job when performed on a specific machine.

a. Determine the set of assignments that maximizes production value.

b. What is the total production value of your assignments?

c. Which machine should be retired (i.e., gets no assignment)?

d. If they do retire one machine, will they be as profitable without it as with it? Explain.

(d) Taking away what was arguably the least productive machine still reduces the options of the firm, and alters the opportunity costs. They cannot be better off without the machine.

Diff: 3

Topic: Loading jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-3

133) A firm that specializes in desktop publishing for local charities has agreed to take on the following jobs. The firm has not decided which dispatching rule to apply in order to prioritize the jobs and fix them into the schedule. All dates are specified as days from Today.

a. Complete the following table. Show your supporting calculations below.

b. Which dispatching rule has the best score for flow time?

c. Which dispatching rule has the best score for work-in-process (jobs in the system)?

d. Which dispatching rule has the best score for lateness?

(b,c,d) The SPT rule is best for flow time, for average jobs in system, and for lateness.

Average number of jobs in system: 2.858

Average number of jobs in system: 2.716

Average number of jobs in system: 2.674

Average number of jobs in system: 4.326

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-4

134) Use Johnson's rule to determine the optimal sequencing for the five jobs to be processed on two machines in a fixed order (Machine 1 before Machine 2). The processing times in hours are given in the table below.

a. What is the optimal sequence?

b. What is the total flow time for this sequence?

c. Which job is the first to be scheduled? Is it scheduled to be the first job or the last? Explain.

(c) Job G is the first job to be scheduled. The smallest of all processing times is 6 hours, for Job G. Because this occurs at Machine 1, Job G is scheduled into the first position.

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-5

135) There are 5 jobs (A, B, C, D, E) that need to be completed in a work center. The due dates are the 10th, 13th, 8th, 20th, and 15th respectively with process times of 7, 12, 7, 20, and 10 respectively as well. If today is the 1st of the month calculate the critical ratio for each and use this value to sequence the jobs in the order they should be started.

B=13/12=1.08

C=8/7=1.14

D=20/20=1

E=15/10= 1.5

Thus the sequence would be DBCAE, or lowest critical ratio first

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-4

136) Find the sequence for the priority rules of

a. FCFS

b. SPT

c. EDD

d. LPT

Given the table below and the fact that today is the 1st

b. BACD

c. BCAD

d. DCAB

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-4

137) Given the following chart of jobs assigned with Johnson's rule suppose that all the jobs (A, B, C, etc) could be evenly divided into two tasks (such as A1 and A2, B1 and B2, etc). Suppose job B is divided into jobs B1 and B2, each with a body work time of 4.5 hours and a paint time of 2 hours. How much is makespan reduced by this splitting of B?

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-5

138) Given the following chart of jobs assigned with Johnson's rule suppose that all the jobs (A, B, C, etc) could be evenly divided into two tasks (such as A1 and A2, B1 and B2, etc). Suppose job D is split into two equivalently sized sections, D1 and D2, each with a body work time of 1.5 hours and a paint time of 2 hours (D1 and D2 sum to 3 hours of body work and 4 hours of paint which is equivalent to D). How much is makespan reduced by this splitting of D?

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-5

139) Complete the table, find average lateness, find average completion time, and average number of jobs in the system. Assume all durations are in days and that the jobs are processed at the shop in the order that they arrive (A then B then C then D).

Avg lateness = 11/4 = 2.75 days

Avg completion time = 38/4 = 9.5 days

Avg number of jobs in the system = 38/15 = 2.53 jobs

Diff: 2

Topic: Sequencing jobs

AACSB: Analytic Skills

Objective: LO15-4