Chapter 4: Sexualities

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. The idea that only the most intelligent individuals should be allowed to reproduce is referred to as ______.

a. social Darwinism

b. natural selection

c. hostile masculinity

d. Darwinian evolution

Learning Objective: 4-1: Summarize the historical trends influencing sexualities. | 4-2: Discuss some basic research findings on trends in sexuality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Darwinism

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. The method the eugenics movement used to rid society of people considered to be unfit was to ______.

a. educate people about the use of contraceptives

b. work to make contraceptive use legal

c. institutionalize and sterilize selected individuals

d. incarcerate people who had too many children

Learning Objective: 4-1: Summarize the historical trends influencing sexualities. | 4-2: Discuss some basic research findings on trends in sexuality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Darwinism

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Which statement about age and frequency of sexual activity is CORRECT?

a. For all individuals, frequency of sexual activity declines with age.

b. For heterosexuals only, frequency of sexual activity declines with age.

c. For whites only, frequency of sexual activity declines with age.

d. For high-income individuals only, frequency of sexual activity declines with age.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss some basic research findings on trends in sexuality.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Recent U.S. Trends in Sexual Behavior

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. In the United States, what percentage of adults disapproves of extramarital sex?

a. 40–50%

b. 50–60%

c. 60–70%

d. 70–80%

Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss some basic research findings on trends in sexuality.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Recent U.S. Trends in Sexual Behavior

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. This term is used to describe a person who believes that behavioral differences between males and females are innate.

a. constructionist

b. essentialist

c. monist

d. social Darwinist

Learning Objective: 4-1: Summarize the historical trends influencing sexualities. | 4-2: Discuss some basic research findings on trends in sexuality. | 4-4: Explain the bioecological influences on sexuality and sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cultural Variations in Sexual Behavior

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. The correct definition of an erogenous zone is ______.

a. a specific part of the perineum between the anus and pubic bone.

b. any part of the body that can be sexually stimulated.

c. the external genitalia.

d. the internal genitalia.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss some basic research findings on trends in sexuality. | 4-3: Describe female and male sexual anatomy and typical and atypical functioning.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Women’s Sexual Organs

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Which of the following is NOT an element of the bioecological model of sexual arousal?

a. information processing

b. generalized physiological arousal

c. genital response

d. resolution

Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss some basic research findings on trends in sexuality. | 4-3: Describe female and male sexual anatomy and typical and atypical functioning.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Bioecological Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Sigmund Freud’s writings about female sexuality were important because they were the first to ______.

a. address the problem of frustration

b. identify the G-spot

c. advocate use of a vibrator

d. differentiate between different types of orgasms

Learning Objective: 4-1: Summarize the historical trends influencing sexualities.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Women’s Sexual Response

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Pain during sexual intercourse is referred to as ______.

a. dysmenorrhea

b. dyspareunia

c. dysphagia

d. dyspraxia

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe female and male sexual anatomy and typical and atypical functioning.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Women’s Sexual Problems

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. The male sex organ that corresponds to the clitoris is the ______.

a. urethra

b. vas deferens

c. penile shaft

d. penile glans

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe female and male sexual anatomy and typical and atypical functioning.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Men’s Sex Organs

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Which statement about erectile dysfunction is INCORRECT?

a. It usually has physiological causes.

b. It can be treated with prescription drugs.

c. It indicates the presence of a sexual disorder.

d. Its incidence increases with age.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe female and male sexual anatomy and typical and atypical functioning.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Men’s Sexual Problems

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. The goal of this is to criticize a heteronormative view of human sexuality.

a. misogyny

b. queer theory

c. anadromous theory

d. feminist theory

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe female and male sexual anatomy and typical and atypical functioning. | 4-4: Explain the bioecological influences on sexuality and sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Which statement about DRD4, a gene that affects dopamine activation, is correct?

a. People with the long form of the gene are more sexually active and less inhibited, regardless of sexual orientation.

b. People with the short form of the gene are more sexually active and less inhibited, regardless of sexual orientation.

c. Homosexual people with the long form of the gene are more sexually active and less inhibited.

d. Heterosexual people with the long form of the gene are more sexually active and less inhibited.

Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe female and male sexual anatomy and typical and atypical functioning. | 4-4: Explain the bioecological influences on sexuality and sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Genes

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. The partial or total removal of the external female genitalia and stitching closed the vaginal opening is referred to as ______.

a. defibrillation

b. infibulation

c. ovulation

d. testiculation

Learning Objective: 4-5: Identify the myths and truths about controversial topics like female genital mutilation, AIDS, abstinence education, and sexualized violence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Female Genital Mutilation

Difficulty Level: Hard

15. Which statement about AIDS transmission is INCORRECT?

a. Young people of color have the greatest risk of contracting AIDS today.

b. A major risk factor for AIDS is receiving a blood transfusion.

c. Gay men and lesbians are at greater risk of contracting AIDS than heterosexuals.

d. An infant cannot contract AIDS from drinking the breast milk of an infected mother.

Learning Objective: 4-5: Identify the myths and truths about controversial topics like female genital mutilation, AIDS, abstinence education, and sexualized violence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: AIDS and Safer Sex

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Follow-up research with teens who take celibacy pledges found that those taking the pledge were ______.

a. more likely to use condoms and contraceptives

b. less likely to use condoms and contraceptives

c. more likely to have sex

d. less likely to have sex

Learning Objective: 4-5: Identify the myths and truths about controversial topics like female genital mutilation, AIDS, abstinence education, and sexualized violence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Abstinence Education, Virginity Pledges, and Family Relationships

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Which statement about sexual behavior in Latino teens is CORRECT?

a. Latinos are less likely than other teens to have sex before age 13.

b. Latinos have a lower risk of contracting AIDS than other teens.

c. Latinos have a lower risk of teen pregnancy than other teens.

d. Latinos are less likely to use contraceptives than other teens.

Learning Objective: 4-5: Identify the myths and truths about controversial topics like female genital mutilation, AIDS, abstinence education, and sexualized violence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Abstinence Education, Virginity Pledges, and Family Relationships

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Which statement about sexual abuse in childhood is CORRECT?

a. Rates of sexual abuse vary greatly among different ethnic groups.

b. Childhood sexual abuse increases a person’s risk of depression and drug abuse.

c. Survivors of abuse may suffer post-traumatic stress disorder.

d. Most victims of child sexual abuse never report it.

Learning Objective: 4-5: Identify the myths and truths about controversial topics like female genital mutilation, AIDS, abstinence education, and sexualized violence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Abuse and Sexualized Violence

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Sexual abuse in childhood is a risk factor for later ______.

a. adult attachment dysfunction

b. adults becoming sexual aggressors

c. sexual victimization as an adult

d. believing this is a norm

Learning Objective: 4-5: Identify the myths and truths about controversial topics like female genital mutilation, AIDS, abstinence education, and sexualized violence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexual Abuse and Sexualized Violence

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Which statement about girls who are victims of sexual abuse is CORRECT?

a. They enter puberty later than other girls.

b. They have higher than average levels of stress hormones.

c. They do not tend to exhibit physical signs of abuse.

d. They have lower than average rates of teen pregnancy.

Learning Objective: 4-5: Identify the myths and truths about controversial topics like female genital mutilation, AIDS, abstinence education, and sexualized violence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexual Abuse and Sexualized Violence

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Only habitual rapists will exhibit misogynistic attitudes that can lead to sexual coercion, if not outright sexualized violence.

Learning Objective: 4-5: Identify the myths and truths about controversial topics like female genital mutilation, AIDS, abstinence education, and sexualized violence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexual Abuse and Sexualized Violence

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Unfortunately, somewhere between 12% and 19% of women report being forced to have sex with their own husbands.

Learning Objective: 4-5: Identify the myths and truths about controversial topics like female genital mutilation, AIDS, abstinence education, and sexualized violence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexual Abuse and Sexualized Violence

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. There don’t appear to be any ethnic differences in sexual abuse rates.

Learning Objective: 4-5: Identify the myths and truths about controversial topics like female genital mutilation, AIDS, abstinence education, and sexualized violence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexual Abuse and Sexualized Violence

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Surprisingly, about 12% of the population identify as asexual, meaning they have no sexual desire or attraction to people of either sex.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss some basic research findings on trends in sexuality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Trends in Sexual Behavior and Attitudes About Sex

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Twenty-five percentage of men and 15% of women report having extramarital sexual relations.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss some basic research findings on trends in sexuality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Recent U.S. Trends in Sexual Behavior

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. The structural-functionalist perspective legitimizes the status quo and argues that certain familiar roles and behaviors keep society functioning as it “should.”

Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss some basic research findings on trends in sexuality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cultural Variations in Sexual Behavior

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Bancroft’s model proposes that the functioning of our genitals and our drive for sexual gratification may involve little, if any, cognitive, emotional, and social processes at all.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Summarize the historical trends influencing sexualities. | 4-2: Discuss some basic research findings on trends in sexuality.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Bioecological Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. The rate of new AIDS cases has rapidly increased since 1999 in spite of improved research, education, safer sex practices, and so on.

Learning Objective: 4-5: Identify the myths and truths about controversial topics like female genital mutilation, AIDS, abstinence education, and sexualized violence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: AIDS and Safer Sex

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Heterosexual African American women are the largest rising group with new diagnoses of AIDS, either from having sex with men who have sex with other men or from intravenous drug use.

Learning Objective: 4-5: Identify the myths and truths about controversial topics like female genital mutilation, AIDS, abstinence education, and sexualized violence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: AIDS and Safer Sex

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Many youth in rural areas of the U.S. believe condoms contain HIV and think that having unprotected sex with a virgin can cure AIDS.

Learning Objective: 4-5: Identify the myths and truths about controversial topics like female genital mutilation, AIDS, abstinence education, and sexualized violence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: AIDS and Safer Sex

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Forty-six percentage of teens and 62% of high school seniors are sexually active.

Learning Objective: 4-5: Identify the myths and truths about controversial topics like female genital mutilation, AIDS, abstinence education, and sexualized violence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Issues in Youth Sexuality

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Boys tend to receive more messages about the negative outcomes of sexual behavior than girls do.

Learning Objective: 4-5: Identify the myths and truths about controversial topics like female genital mutilation, AIDS, abstinence education, and sexualized violence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Issues in Youth Sexuality

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Youth of color are even more at risk for unsafe sexual behaviors that can lead to violence or disease.

Learning Objective: 4-5: Identify the myths and truths about controversial topics like female genital mutilation, AIDS, abstinence education, and sexualized violence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Issues in Youth Sexuality

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The CDC’s (2011) report on the prevalence of sexual violence revealed that 29.3% of American women reported having experienced an attempted or completed rape.

Learning Objective: 4-5: Identify the myths and truths about controversial topics like female genital mutilation, AIDS, abstinence education, and sexualized violence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Abuse and Sexualized Violence

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Margaret Sanger opened the first birth control clinic that advocated the use of contraceptives like the diaphragm.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Summarize the historical trends influencing sexualities. | 4-2: Discuss some basic research findings on trends in sexuality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The 20th Century

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. All cultures regulate their members’ sexuality in one way or another.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Summarize the historical trends influencing sexualities. | 4-2: Discuss some basic research findings on trends in sexuality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cultural Regulation of Sexuality

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. This movement grew out of these ideas. This was a movement driven by the desire to reach racial purity and rid society of genetically “unfit” people, especially those considered feebleminded (i.e., unintelligent).

Learning Objective: 4-1: Summarize the historical trends influencing sexualities.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Darwinism

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. These system forces played a role in both the more open sexual behaviors of people in the 1920s and the return to conventionality in the 1930s.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Summarize the historical trends influencing sexualities. | 4-3: Describe female and male sexual anatomy and typical and atypical functioning.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The 20th Century

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. One percentage of the population identifies as this, which means they have no sexual desire or attraction to people of either sex.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Summarize the historical trends influencing sexualities.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Trends in Sexual Behavior and Attitudes About Sex

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What is the term for the perspective that legitimizes the status quo and argues that certain familiar roles and behaviors keep society functioning as it “should?”

Learning Objective: 4-1: Summarize the historical trends influencing sexualities. | 4-3: Describe female and male sexual anatomy and typical and atypical functioning. | 4-4: Explain the bioecological influences on sexuality and sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cultural Variations in Sexual Behavior

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. This theoretical perspective posits that maintaining that sexual behavior is malleable and emphasizing how social expectations shape sexual behavior.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Summarize the historical trends influencing sexualities. | 4-3: Describe female and male sexual anatomy and typical and atypical functioning. | 4-4: Explain the bioecological influences on sexuality and sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cultural Variations in Sexual Behavior

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. There is a category of disorders related to “deviant” sexual attractions, called ______.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss some basic research findings on trends in sexuality. | 4-3: Describe female and male sexual anatomy and typical and atypical functioning. | 4-4: Explain the bioecological influences on sexuality and sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexual Diversity Versus Disorders

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. Studies examining these help us understand the impact of genes because people naturally differ on which type of genetic alleles they possess.

Learning Objective: 4-4: Explain the bioecological influences on sexuality and sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Genes

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. This theory is often referred to as the ______, meaning that if Darwin’s theory of natural selection is correct, the genes selecting for homosexuality should have been wiped out because gay people do not reproduce.

Learning Objective: 4-4: Explain the bioecological influences on sexuality and sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Chromosomes

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. This term means that in families with homosexual males, females in the family tree have been found to have elevated fertility levels.

Learning Objective: 4-4: Explain the bioecological influences on sexuality and sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Biological Research on Homosexuality

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. It’s extremely important for LGBT youth of color to forge their way into society with a(n) ______, being able to navigate the spheres of their ethnic background and their sexuality while adjusting well to the dominant culture.

Learning Objective: 4-1: Summarize the historical trends influencing sexualities. | 4-4: Explain the bioecological influences on sexuality and sexual orientation. | 4-5: Identify the myths and truths about controversial topics like female genital mutilation, AIDS, abstinence education, and sexualized violence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Abstinence Education, Virginity Pledges, and Family Relationships

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Explain the bioecological model of sexual response. Give an example of each of the different responses that occur.

Learning Objective: 4-4: Explain the bioecological influences on sexuality and sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Bioecological Perspective

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Discuss the biopsychosocial model of orgasm. How does it fit the bioecological model of sexual response?

Learning Objective: 4-4: Explain the bioecological influences on sexuality and sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Women’s Sexual Response

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Discuss some similarities and differences between the male and female sex drive.

Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss some basic research findings on trends in sexuality. | 4-4: Explain the bioecological influences on sexuality and sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Men’s and Women’s Sexualities in More Depth

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Explain why it is difficult to stop the practice of female genital mutilation. How does the bioecological model explain the difficulty as well as possible solutions?

Learning Objective: 4-5: Identify the myths and truths about controversial topics like female genital mutilation, AIDS, abstinence education, and sexualized violence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Female Genital Mutilation

Difficulty Level: Hard