Raven Exam Prep Ch.35 Plant Form

Biology, 12e (Raven)

Chapter 35 Plant Form

1) Plant cells that give rise to two cells, one of which is free to differentiate into various kinds of cells that contribute to the plant body, are called

A) endodermal cells.

B) primary cells.

C) lateral cells.

D) parenchyma cells.

E) meristematic cells.

2) Cell division in the apical meristems at the tips of a plant that results in increases in height or length is called

A) primary growth.

B) secondary growth.

C) vascular cambium growth.

D) mitotic growth.

E) herbaceous growth.

3) A growing root comes into contact with a chemical that inhibits the golgi bodies. Which of the following would be a probable effect of this contact?

A) The root would begin to growing in an upward direction.

B) The root would not be slick enough to move through the soil easily.

C) The root would begin to simultaneously grow in multiple directions.

D) The root would produce too much mucigel and oxygen uptake would be inhibited.

E) The root cap cells would begin to divide rapidly.

4) You propose an experiment where root hairs of a particular plant species are continuously treated with an antibiotic while nutrient levels in the plant tissue are monitored.  Based on your knowledge of root hairs, you hypothesize the plant will experience a deficiency in what nutrient?

A) potassium

B) nitrogen

C) calcium

D) phosphorus

E) carbon

5) An increase in plant diameter results from cell division in which type of meristem?

A) intercalary meristem

B) lateral meristem

C) primary meristem

D) secondary meristem

E) stele meristem

6) Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma are all types of cells derived from

A) procambium tissue.

B) ground tissue.

C) vascular cambium tissue.

D) cork cambium tissue.

E) epidermal tissue.

7) If the wer gene were expressed in every root epidermal cell, the plant would

A) greatly increase its absorptive capacity.

B) strengthen its attachment to the soil.

C)  increase in the diameter of its roots.

D) greatly reduce its water and nutrient uptake.

E) greatly reduce its ability to exchange gases at the epidermal surface.

8) A stem that cannot increase in diameter is lacking what type of tissue?

A) xylem

B) ground meristem

C) procambium

D) protoderm

E) vascular cambium

9) The slender stalk that connects the flattened leaf blade to the stem in most dicots is the

A) meristem.

B) petiole.

C) stele.

D) receptacle.

E) vein.

10) You are given a sample of plant tissue and asked to identify the type of tissue and its location in the plant. Using your microscope, you notice two distinct layers of cells. One layer contains cells that are tightly compacted together while the other layer has loosely arranged cells. The cells in both layers contain many chloroplasts. Based on this information, you determine the tissue is

A) mesophyll tissue from a leaf.

B) ground tissue from a stem.

C) vascular tissue from a leaf.

D) mesophyll tissue from a stem.

E) vascular tissue from a root.

11) You are asked to determine if a tissue sample taken from a plant stem comes from a monocot or eudicot. How will you accomplish this?

A) Look at the ground tissue to see if it is arranged in concentric rings or in parallel bundles.

B) Examine the vascular cambium and determine if it is divided into segments or is continuous throughout the stem.

C) Determine if the xylem and phloem are located in separate vascular bundles or are bundled together.

D) Examine the epidermis and determine the depth of the cuticle layer.

E) Locate the vascular bundles and analyze their pattern. 

12) Xylem tissue may contain each of these cell types, except which?

A) vessel members

B) tracheids

C) sieve cells

D) fibers

E) rays

13) Which of the following cell types does not move materials through the body of the plant?

A) sclerenchyma

B) xylem vessel members

C) sieve tube members

D) tracheids

E) sieve cells

14) A plant that has the mutant form of the WEREWOLF gene (wer) would be identifiable by

A) the excessive number of vascular bundles in stem.

B) the lack of fibers in the outer portions of the stem.

C) the abundance of microscopic hairs on the root.

D) the extra thick layer of mesophyll cells in the leaf.

E) the lack of microscopic hairs along the epidermis of the root.

15) Primary growth at the apical meristems can produce cells that differentiate into each of these cell types, except which?

A) leaves

B) ground tissue

C) procambium

D) cork cambium

E) epidermis

16) Primary growth in plants originates in

A) apical meristems.

B) lateral meristems.

C) vascular cambium.

D) cork cambium.

E) tracheids.

17) Which of the following is not true about meristems?

A) They can be apical or lateral.

B) Meristematic cells divide into two cells, one of which remains a meristem cell and another that becomes a plant body cell.

C) Apical meristems give rise to three types of embryonic tissues.

D) Meristematic cells are found only in eudicots and not in monocots.

E) They are responsible for primary and secondary growth.

18) You have been assigned the task of identifying the cells in a plant tissue sample. Using your microscope you determine the cells are living and their cell walls vary in thickness. Upon further observation you note that the cells are arranged in strands just below the epidermal surface. What cell type do you determine the cells to be?

A) Collenchyma

B) Parenchyma

C) Sclerenchyma

D) Sieve elements

E) Tracheids

19) All of the following describe characteristics of sclerenchyma cells, except which?

A) Their function is primarily to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the leaf.

B) They have thick, tough secondary walls.

C) Their secondary walls may be impregnated with lignin.

D) They form fibers and sclereids.

E) They lack living protoplasts when mature.

20) Which of the following cell types conducts water most rapidly through a plant?

A) parenchyma cells

B) sclerenchyma cells

C) sieve tubes

D) vessel members

E) phloem

21) You have been given a plant sample and asked to identify a specific tissue. Upon investigation, you find the cells are all long in length and some of them have small pores. They all contain fluid. You test the fluid using various biochemical tests and discover the fluid contains an abundance of disaccharides. What type of tissue are you looking at?

A) xylem

B) phloem

C) root hair cells

D) sclerenchyma

E) meristematic

22) In plants with only primary growth, the epidermis is not

A) one cell thick.

B) the outer protective coating of the plant.

C) produced by the protoderm.

D) covered by a waxy layer that constitutes the cuticle.

E) covered with bark.

23) Horizontal rows of parenchymal cells that transport materials horizontally are called?

A) rays

B) tracheids

C) vessel elements

D) fibers

E) sieve tubes

24) Root hairs grow actively in which area of the developing roots?

A) root cap

B) zone of maturation

C) zone of elongation

D) zone of cell division

E) endodermis

25) Which of the following statements correctly describes the vascular cambium?

A) It develops between the primary xylem and the primary phloem in dicots.

B) It occurs only in monocot stems.

C) It is important in the elongation of roots.

D) It is formed by the ground meristem.

E) It is responsible for all cell types that result from primary growth.

26) In certain plants, some of the roots may be modified to carry out unusual functions. Which of these is not an example of one of these special functions?

A) help absorb oxygen

B) store food or water

C) carry out photosynthesis

D) parasitize other plants

E) discourage herbivores

27) Compound leaves

A) have two or more petioles per blade.

B) have a blade divided into leaflets.

C) are toothed at the edges.

D) are alternately arranged.

E) have palmate venation.

28) Which of the following is not a modified stem?

A) rhizome

B) tendril

C) tuber

D) corm

E) spine

29) Axillary buds

A) add length to a plant.

B) develop into roots when water is scarce.

C) form flowers or branches.

D) increase the diameter of a stem.

E) form lateral meristems.

30) The most distinctive characteristic of leaf mesophyll cells is that they are filled with

A) central vacuoles.

B) many chloroplasts.

C) oxygen bubbles.

D) veins.

E) stomata.

31) Various modifications in leaves can make plants better adapted to their habitats. Which of the following is not an evolutionary modification of leaves?

A) floral leaves

B) fruit-bearing leaves

C) spines

D) reproductive leaves

E) insectivorous leaves

32) A birdhouse is nailed into a tree 6 feet up from the ground. If the tree grows about 2 feet taller each year, where will the birdhouse be 25 years later?

A) 50 feet

B) 56 feet

C) 26 feet

D) 6 feet

E) 4 feet

33) Which statement about secondary growth in plants is not correct?

A) Secondary growth in plants is a result of lateral meristems. Trees and shrubs have active lateral meristems.

B) Secondary growth in plants increases the girth (diameter) of woody plants.

C) Secondary growth in woody plants results from two cylinders of actively dividing cells, the cork cambium and vascular cambium.

D) The cork cambium produces secondary phloem while the vascular cambium produces secondary xylem.

E) Only some plants have secondary growth.

34) You are doing research on rodent populations in a cornfield at night and are hearing popping noises.  Your research assistant is getting scared. Having taken biology, you can explain to your assistant that the popping sound is due to

A) the apical meristem cells in the corn stalks elongating.

B) the developing of the kernels of corn on the ears of the corn stalks.

C) the expansion of the lateral meristems increasing the girth of the corn stalk.

D) the growth of the intercalary meristems inside the corn stalk.

E) the development of the tassels on top of the corn stalk.

35) If you examined a cross section of a woody stem under the microscope and located the vascular cambium, the tissues on the inside of the vascular cambium ring (toward the center of the stem) would be

A) xylem (primary and secondary).

B) xylem (only primary).

C) phloem (primary and secondary).

D) phloem (only secondary).

E) phelloderm.

36) Of the following structures, which one is not a specialized cell of the epidermis?

A) guard cells

B) trichomes

C) sclereids

D) root hairs

E) oil glands

37) Which statement concerning root hairs is not correct?

A) Root hairs are tubular extensions of individual epidermal cells.

B) A root hair is isolated from its epidermal cell with a cross wall.

C) Root hairs generally live only a few days before being sloughed off.

D) Root hairs increase the absorption of water and minerals.

E) Root hairs are located in the zone of maturation of a root.

38) You come across a recipe for rhubarb pie. Never having heard of rhubarb, you do a little research. You find out that the part of a rhubarb plant that people eat is the petiole of a large leaf. You purchase some rhubarb for your pie and notice that it contains many long stringy fibers. Based on your knowledge of plant tissues, you know that the stringy fibers are

A) parenchyma tissue.

B) phloem tissue.

C) sclerenchyma tissue.

D) collenchyma tissue.

E) xylem tissue.

39) A friend who is not a biologist tells you that she grows irises from iris roots. You explain to her that the "root" she is planting is not a root, but instead is called a rhizome. "Why?" she asked. You explain:

A) "A root grows vertically, not horizontally."

B) "A rhizome has nodes and internodes and is really a modified stem that can exist underground."

C) "A root stores nutrients, but rhizomes are underground stems that do not store nutrients."

D) "A rhizome, although a modified stem, acts as a root does. In other words a rhizome is a stem-root combination."

E) "A rhizome is a modified root that is able to grow leaves."

40) The name of the meristem that ultimately gives rise to secondary xylem and phloem is the

A) vascular cambium.

B) cork cambium.

C) intercalary meristems.

D) ground meristem.

E) primary meristem.

41) The pattern of leaf arrangement on a stem is called

A) protodermis.

B) phyllotaxy.

C) nodular termini.

D) meristematic spacing.

E) axillary arrangement.

42) Primary xylem and phloem are produced by the

A) procambium.

B) protoderm.

C) leaf primordial.

D) ground meristem.

E) proembryo.

43) The waterproof cuticle covering the epidermis of land plants helps prevent dehydration, much like the skin of some land animals. As a consequence of having a cuticle, what other evolutionary adaptation was important for most land plants?

A) the endodermis in the root

B) root hairs on the root epidermis

C) collenchyma fibers just beneath the surface of the epidermis

D) stomata in the leaves

E) trichomes on leaf surfaces

44) Which of these is not a function of the root cap?

A) gravity perception

B) rapid cell division

C) protection of the root tip

D) pushing away soil particles as the root grows

E) releasing a slimy lubricant fluid

45) In an experiment, some herbaceous, nonwoody plants were exposed to frequent windy conditions or mechanical shaking for several hours per day. The flexibility of these plants was due to the ________ cells.

A) parenchyma

B) aerenchyma

C) periderm

D) collenchyma

E) sclerenchyma

46) Linen is woven from strands of sclerenchyma ________ that occur in the phloem of flax (Linum spp.).

A) tracheid

B) sieve

C) sclerid

D) collenchyma

E) fiber

47) A major distinguishing feature between monocot and eudicot stems is the organization of the

A) epidermis.

B) conducting system.

C) vascular tissue.

D) secondary tissues.

E) ground tissues.

48) How could you distinguish between a root hair versus a very small root?

A) Root hairs are white, while roots are brown.

B) Root hairs are extensions of single cells, while roots are multicellular.

C) Root hairs only absorb water, not nutrients like roots.

D) Root hairs do not have a cuticle.

E) The epidermis of a root hair is thinner than the epidermis of a root.

49) What type of cells are joined end-to-end, conduct water and are connected to each other with strips of wall material?

A) sieve cells

B) tracheids

C) sieve tube members

D) vessel members

E) companion cells

50) In the vascular bundles of most dicot stems, primary phloem differentiates toward the ________ of the stem, while primary xylem differentiates toward the ________ of the stem.

A) middle; outside

B) cork cambium; vascular cambium

C) outside; middle

D) shoot tip; roots

E) middle; middle

51) Damage to the ground meristem of a plant would result in

A) the inability to move water but not sugar through the plant.

B) decreased sugar production.

C) an increase of gas exchange at the surface of the leaf.

D) dehydration of the plant.

E) inability to move sugar but not water through the plant.

52) Secondary phloem

A) includes live companion cells and dead sieve cells.

B) encompasses more stem volume than secondary xylem.

C) primarily stores carbohydrates.

D) is part of the inner bark.

E) is produced by the cork cambium.

53) Which of these can found in oak wood but not in pine wood?

A) secondary xylem

B) secondary phloem

C) vessel members

D) tracheids

E) ray cells

54) Which plant cells are the most common and the least specialized?

A) epidermis

B) collenchyma

C) sclerenchyma

D) parenchyma

E) meristem

55) Your lab instructor hands you a root slide and asks you to show her a cell with condensed chromosomes arranged in a straight line. In which section of the root would you begin your search?

A) It doesn't matter, all zones have the same level of mitotic activity.

B) zone of elongation

C) zone of maturation

D) zone of cell division

E) root cap

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:

A. protoderm

B. vascular cambium

C. apical meristem

D. procambium

E. ground meristem

56) Ultimate source of all cells that contribute to growth in length of stem or root.

57) Lateral meristem that contributes to the increase in thickness of a stem or root.

58) Source of cells that differentiate into primary vascular tissues.

59) The three primary meristems are the ________, which forms the epidermis; the procambium, which produces primary vascular tissues (primary xylem and primary phloem); and the ground meristem, which differentiates further into ground tissue.

60) Produces parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells.