Chapter 8: Quantitative Methods

Test Bank

Note: An asterisk indicates questions which also appear in the online student quizzes.

Multiple Choice

*1. Which philosophical assumptions are reflected in quantitative research designs?

a. transformative

b. constructivist

c. postpositivist

d. pragmatist

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Quantitative Methods

Difficulty Level: Medium

*2. Which sampling technique is most desirable in quantitative research?

a. random sample

b. convenience sample

c. purposeful sample

d. criterion-based sample

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Survey Design

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Which type of validity has become the overriding objective in validity?

a. construct validity

b. discriminant validity

c. predictive validity

d. construct validity

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Instrumentation

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What does the symbol R indicate in an experimental design?

a. observation

b. experimental variable

c. comparison groups

d. random assignment

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Experimental Procedures

Difficulty Level: Medium

True\False

*1. The effect size describes the level of uncertainty around an observed score.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Interpreting Results and Writing a Discussion Session

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Researchers should rely on past studies to estimate their proposed sample size.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Survey Design

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Quantitative data collected at one point in time within the survey design is cross-sectional.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Survey Design

Difficulty Level: Easy

*4. Cronbach’s alpha values are a measure of validity in quantitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Instrumentation

Difficulty Level: Medium

*5. SPSS, Atlas.ti, Stata, and SAS are popular statistical analysis computer programs.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Data Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Distinguish between a survey and experimental design in quantitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Defining Surveys and Experiments

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Describe some of the benefits of using a survey design in quantitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Survey Design

Difficulty Level: Easy

3 What does it mean for a research study to involve stratification and provide an example of a characteristic that might be stratified?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Survey Design

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Distinguish between a type I error rate and a type II error rate in quantitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Survey Design

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Describe the information that should be included in descriptive analysis of a research study.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Data Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Describe and differentiate between internal and external threats to validity in an experimental design. Recommend at least one action that you or any researcher can take in response to both internal and external validity threats.

Cognitive Domain: Application/Analysis

Answer Location: Threats to Validity; Table 8.5 and Table 8.6

Difficulty Level: Hard