Qualitative Methods Chapter 8 Complete Test Bank Schutt - Comprehensive Test Bank | Understanding the Social World 2e by Schutt by Russel K. Schutt. DOCX document preview.
Test Bank
Chapter 8: Qualitative Methods
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is an example of a sound qualitative method?
a. participant observation
b. random questionnaire
c. internet research
d. experiment
Learning Objective: 8.3: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of each participant observer role.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Primary Qualitative Methods
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Which of the following is a feature of qualitative research designs?
a. a focus on communication techniques
b. use of nomothetic causal explanations
c. commitment to deductive reasoning
d. sensitivity to the subjective role of the researcher
Learning Objective: 8.1: Describe the features of qualitative research that most distinguishes it from quantitative research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Fundamentals of Qualitative Methods
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Which of the following is true regarding participant observation?
a. Natural processes are studied in an experiment.
b. Natural processes are manipulated by the researcher.
c. It attempts to see the world as the subjects see it.
d. It observes people in the course of their organized activities.
Learning Objective: 8.3: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of each participant observer role.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Participant Observation
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. How can reactive effects in participant observation be reduced?
a. maintaining strict objectivity
b. leaving the field site periodically
c. informing participants of the role of researcher
d. engaging in complete participation
Learning Objective: 8.3: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of each participant observer role.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Complete (Covert) Participation
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Which of the following is a limitation associated with covert participation?
a. Covert participants need to openly take notes or use obvious recording devices.
b. Covert participants must ask questions that will arouse suspicion.
c. Covert participants need to keep up the act at all times while in the setting under study.
d. Covert participants are unable to reveal their identities at the end of the research period.
Learning Objective: 8.3: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of each participant observer role.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Complete (Covert) Participation
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. A member of a social setting who provides access to that setting for a researcher is known as a(n) ______.
a. sponsor
b. assistant
c. gatekeeper
d. respondent
Learning Objective: 8.3: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of each participant observer role.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Entering the Field
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. An observer immerses themselves in a group for a long time, gradually establishing trust and experiencing the social world as the participants do. What process is the observer engaging in?
a. netnography
b. participant observation
c. systematic observation
d. ethnography
Learning Objective: 8.2: Define the methods of case study research ethnography, and netnography.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Fundamentals of Qualitative Methods
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Intensive interviews are weaker than participation in establishing ______.
a. association
b. objectivity
c. social context
d. causality
Learning Objective: 8.2: Define the methods of case study research ethnography, and netnography.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Intensive Interviewing
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. A grand tour question is designed to elicit what type of response?
a. description
b. directions
c. oral history
d. lengthy narrative
Learning Objective: 8.2: Define the methods of case study research, ethnography, and netnography.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Intensive Interviewing
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Julie studies an Overeaters Anonymous group for several years. In her book on the subject, she mentions the location of the meetings. What ethical principle does this violate?
a. subjectssiconfidentiality
b. voluntary participation of subjects
c. subjectssawell-being
d. disclosure of researcher onidentity
Learning Objective: 8.9: Identify the major ethical challenges faced by qualitative researchers and discuss one qualitative research project that posed particular ethical concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Confidentiality
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Thick descriptions attempt to convey a sense of what it is like to experience something from the standpoint of the ______.
a. objective observer
b. covert participant
c. natural actors in the setting
d. social scientist
Learning Objective: 8.1: Describe the features of qualitative research that most distinguishes it from quantitative research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Case Study
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. The role of ______ makes it difficult for researchers to get information because they cannot ask questions that will arouse suspicion about themselves.
a. complete observer
b. participant observer
c. covert participant
d. intensive interview
Learning Objective: 8.3: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of each participant observer role.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Complete (Covert) Participation
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. Intensive interviewing and focus groups should be conducted until ______.
a. a saturation point is reached
b. all relevant informants have consented to participate
c. field observation has been completed
d. the researcher obtains relevant tacit knowledge from respondents
Learning Objective: 8.7: Describe the process of intensive interviewing and compare it to the process of interviewing in survey research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Intensive Interviewing
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. A researcher who goes to a coffee shop and clandestinely observes behavior, while taking jottings, is doing what kind of qualitative fieldwork?
a. overt observation
b. covert observation
c. overt participation
d. participant observation
Learning Objective: 8.3: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of each participant observer role.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Covert Observation
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. Which of the following statements is true about field notes?
a. They are created while actively observing in the field.
b. They usually take at least three times as long as observation.
c. They involve separating the researchers timpressions from what was observed.
d. They can occur anytime within a month of the observation period.
Learning Objective: 8.6: Explain how field researchers take and analyze notes.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Taking Notes
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. Intensive interviews are generally based on ______.
a. closed-ended questions
b. self-administered questionnaires
c. open-ended questions
d. random selection
Learning Objective: 8.7: Describe the process of intensive interviewing and compare it to the process of interviewing in survey research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Intensive Interviewing
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. What is a researcher who: Easyngintensattempting to avoid?
a. abandoning research goals
b. adopting perspectives of regular participants
c. ceasing to evaluate observations critically
d. informing participants of personal research goals
Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss the major challenges at each stage of a field research project.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Managing the Personal Dimensions
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. The setting under investigation in a qualitative study is known as the ______.
a. context
b. field
c. locale
d. situation
Learning Objective: 8.3: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of each participant observer role.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Participant Observation
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. In order to develop and maintain relationships in the field, what does the text suggest doing?
a. being especially mindful of interactions early in research
b. avoiding transparency during interactions with subjects
c. being prepared to fake a social similarity with subjects
d. fully immersing yourself in the field
Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss the major challenges at each stage of a field research project.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Developing and Maintaining Relationships
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. In focus groups, the sample is usually ______.
a. anonymous
b. systematic
c. large
d. unrepresentative
Learning Objective: 8.8: Discuss the advantages of focus group research and identify particular challenges that focus group researchers face.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Focus Groups
Difficulty Level: Medium
21. Wilson arranges with the manager of a fantasy baseball league to observe and interview members as part of his research. At the baseball ative fieldwork? concerns himself to other members of the fantasy league and they agree to let him observe the draft and allow themselves to be interviewed, although they do not allow him to join the league. What role is he acting in?
b. overt observer
c. participant observer
d. complete participant
Learning Objective: 8.3: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of each participant observer role.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Overt Observation
Difficulty Level: Easy
22. What is used to jog the researcher’s memory when writing field notes?
a. mnemonic devices
b. jottings
c. transcripts
d. photographs
Learning Objective: 8.6: Explain how field researchers take and analyze notes.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Taking Notes
Difficulty Level: Easy
23. Under what circumstances should a researcher use focus groups?
a. The issue is emotionally charged.
b. Respondents are unwilling to participate.
c. The sample size is considered small.
d. Consent has not been provided.
Learning Objective: 8.8: Discuss the advantages of focus group research and identify particular challenges that focus group researchers face.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Focus Groups
Difficulty Level: Medium
24. Talking to Second Life members through their avatars involves which of the following?
a. participant observation
b. participatory action research
c. interviewing online
d. ethnography
Learning Objective: 8.2: Define the methods of case study research ethnography, and netnography.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Interviewing Online
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. Cynthia wants to do research on an online gaming site. In order to interact with its members, she joins the group and posts the outline of her project on the sitenthboard. She was quite excited to find ten new emails in her inbox pertaining to her research that day. Cynthia began the interviewing process, but became aware of the lack of response from the interviewees as the days went on. This is a disadvantage to what type of interviewing?
a. intensive
b. synchronous
c. asynchronous
d. question and answer
Learning Objective: 8.7: Describe the process of intensive interviewing and compare it to the process of interviewing in survey research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interviewing Online
Difficulty Level: Easy
26. When a researcher is sensitive to their influence on the research setting, they are practicing _______.
a. reflexivity
b. objectivity
c. gate keeping
d. covert observation
Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss the major challenges at each stage of a field research project.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Fundamentals of Qualitative Methods
Difficulty Level: Medium
27. Which term describes an individual changing their behavior as a result of being observed?
a. gatekeeping
b. reactive effects
c. sampling
d. personal dimensions
Learning Objective: 8.3: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of each participant observer role.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Overt Observation
Difficulty Level: Easy
28. ______ are the primary means of recording participant observation data.
a. Intensive interviews
b. Jottings
c. Notes
d. Theoretical samplings
Learning Objective: 8.6: Explain how field researchers take and analyze notes.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Taking Notes
Difficulty Level: Easy
29. The qualitative method of finding out about people’s experiences, thoughts, and feelings is known as ______.
a. intensive interviewing
b. theoretical sampling
c. jotting
d. covert observations
Learning Objective: 8.7: Describe the process of intensive interviewing and compare it to the process of interviewing in survey research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Intensive Interviewing
Difficulty Level: Medium
30. Which term describes the point at which a researcher ends subject selection because new interviews will yield little to no additional information?
a. grand tour questioning
b. the saturation point
c. probes
d. adaptive research
Learning Objective: 8.7 Describe the process of intensive interviewing and compare it to the process of interviewing in survey research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Intensive Interviewing
Difficulty Level: Medium
31. A ______ is a setting or group that is treated by the analyst as an integrated social unit that must be studied completely and in depth.
a. case study
b. field note
c. subjective interview
d. adaptive research
Learning Objective: 8.2: Define the methods of case study research ethnography, and netnography.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Case Study
Difficulty Level: Medium
32. A researcher that uses qualitative methods to conduct research in a natural setting is known as a(n) ______.
a. case manager
b. focus group member
c. field researcher
d. interviewer
Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss the major challenges at each stage of a field research project.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Participant Observation
Difficulty Level: Easy
33. A(n) ______ requires using participant observation over an extended period to study a culture.
a. ethnography
b. focus group
c. case study
d. experiment
Learning Objective: 8.2: Define the methods of case study research ethnography, and netnography.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Ethnography
Difficulty: Easy
34. Studying online communities using ethnographic methods is known as a(n) ______.
a. netnography
b. ethnography
c. case study
d. intensive interview
Learning Objective:8.2: Define the methods of case study research, ethnography, and netnography.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Netnography
Difficulty Level: Easy
35. ______ involves developing a sustained relationship with people while they go about their normal activities.
a. Participant observation
b. An experiment
c. A focus group
d. Community based qualitative research
Learning Objective: 8.3: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of each participant observer role.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Participant Observation
Difficulty Level: Medium
36. ______ is a systematic approach to sampling that may emerge in the course of participant observation studies.
a. Theoretical Sampling
b. Community based qualitative research
c. Field notes
d. Netnography
Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss the major challenges at each stage of a field research project.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling People
Difficulty Level:
37. Which term refers to the personal, educational, and professional experiences that shape researchers’ orientations?
a. positionality
b. netnography
c. subjectivity
d. participant observations
Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss the major challenges at each stage of a field research project.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Participatory Action Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
38. The process of conducting ______ is also known as creating “a spiral of self-reflecting cycles.”
a. participatory action research
b. community based qualitative research
c. positionality
d. in-depth interviews
Learning Objective: 8.2: Define the methods of case study research ethnography, and netnography.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Participatory Action Research
Difficulty Level: Medium
39. Which of these statements is most accurate regarding boundaries between the researcher and research participants?
a. Maintaining boundaries in qualitative research is uniquely important as it creates challenges.
b. Qualitative researchers are unfettered with boundaries as getting to know participates well is part of the process.
c. Boundaries between researchers and participants are easy to maintain and require few structured ruled.
d. The long-term relationships that researchers and participants form enhance boundaries and assist in the research process.
Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss the major challenges at each stage of a field research project.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Appropriate Boundaries
Difficulty Level: Medium
40. Allowing participants to change their minds regarding participation and requiring researchers to continually check in with participants are essential parts of ______.
a. open consent
b. process consent
c. positionality
d. disclosure
Learning Objective: 8.9: Identify the major ethical challenges faced by qualitative researchers and discuss one qualitative research project that posed particular ethical concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Subject Well-Being
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. Qualitative researchers contribute to understanding the social world by observing and participating in natural settings and listening and engaging with others.
Learning Objective: 8.1: Describe the features of qualitative research that most distinguishes it from quantitative research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Primary Qualitative Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Qualitative research projects often have the sole goal of developing the discrete parts of the social world.
Learning Objective: 8.2: Define the methods of case study research, ethnography, and netnography.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Case Study
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Qualitative methods are most appealing for research focused on historical issues.
Learning Objective: 8.1: Describe the features of qualitative research that most distinguishes it from quantitative research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Fundamentals of Qualitative Methods
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Case study research seeks to develop a thick description of the setting studied.
Learning Objective: 8.2: Define the methods of case study research, ethnography, and netnography.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Case Study
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Netnographies can focus on communities whose members are physically distant and dispersed.
Learning Objective: 8.2: Define the methods of case study research ethnography, and netnography.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Netnography
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. By observing people and interacting with them during their normal activities, field researchers seek to understand the artificiality of experimental design.
Learning Objective: 8.3: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of each participant observer role.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Participation Observation
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. The term participant observation actually refers to several different specific roles that a qualitative researcher can adopt.
Learning Objective: 8.3: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of each participant observer role.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Choosing a Role
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. When a researcher does not participate in group activities and is publicly defined as a researcher, they are known as a complete observer.”
Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each participant observer role.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Choosing a Role
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. While engaged in the field, it is very important to try to take comprehensive notes.
Learning Objective: 8.6: Explain how field researchers take and analyze notes.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Taking Notes
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. There is no formula for successfully managing the personal dimension of a field research project.
Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss the major challenges at each stage of a field research project.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Managing the Personal Dimensions
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short Answer
1. Outline how a researcher might conduct complete observation, covert participation, and participant observation in studying how unions recruit in new settings. What are the advantages and disadvantages to each approach? What are the ethical considerations that need to be addressed for each?
Learning Objective: 8.9: Identify the major ethical challenges faced by qualitative researchers and discuss one qualitative research project that posed particular ethical concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research
Difficulty Level: Hard
2. How does one prepare to enter “the field”? What things must be considered before entering the field? How does the process of entering the field affect later research?
Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss the major challenges at each stage of a field research project.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Participant Observation
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. Discuss the role of a key informant in field research and compare it to the role of an interviewee in intensive interviewing. Are there any differences? If so, what? What ethical concerns must a researcher consider with key informants and interviewees?
Learning Objective: 8.9: Identify the major ethical challenges faced by qualitative researchers and discuss one qualitative research project that posed particular ethical concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. Describe how qualitative analysis can proceed both inductively and deductively. Use examples from the text to describe each.
Learning Objective: 8.1: Describe the features of qualitative research that most distinguishes it from quantitative research.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Fundamentals of Qualitative Methods
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative research when compared to experimental or survey research? Under what circumstances would a researcher choose a qualitative design?
Learning Objective: 8.2: Define the methods of case study research, ethnography, and netnography.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Interviewing Online
Difficulty Level: Hard
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Comprehensive Test Bank | Understanding the Social World 2e by Schutt
By Russel K. Schutt