Chapter 13: Public Policy: Promoting the General Welfare and Advancing Americans’ Interests

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Policies have to be worked out and passed by either state legislatures or the federal Congress and signed into law by governors and presidents. In this way, policies are ______.

a. put on the agenda

b. formed and adopted

c. defined

d. funded

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Once policies have been formed and adopted, they have to be ______, or enacted in the real world.

a. implemented

b. interpreted

c. adjudicated

d. analyzed

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The intentional use of governmental power to achieve or support specific goals and objectives is defined as ______.

a. policy agenda

b. policy gridlock

c. public policy

d. public law

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Domestic policies designed to improve or protect health, safety, education, and opportunities for citizens and residents are called ______ policies.

a. urban renovation

b. rural engagement

c. economic

d. social welfare

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. At its core, social welfare policy involves which of the following?

a. planning for population growth

b. redistribution of resources

c. providing free services to citizens

d. supplying necessary resources to states

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. The debate over who should be singled out for governmental support is described as ______.

a. appropriateness

b. deservingness

c. willingness

d. compassion

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. The necessarily limited set of issues on which policy makers focus their attention is best defined as the ______.

a. policy-making process

b. policy-making cycle

c. policy agenda

d. policy feedback loop

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Getting an item on the agenda or keeping an idea off of it is an exercise in ______.

a. scientific decision-making

b. executive power making

c. political power

d. legislative authority

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Individuals operating in government, academic institutions, think tanks, interest groups, and other venues who try to shape the political agenda and get solutions implemented on the ground are called policy ______.

a. proponents

b. supporters

c. entrepreneurs

d. analysts

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Which of the following best exemplifies an unfunded mandate?

a. grants to build federal highways

b. Title I grants to local school districts

c. requirements for states to create and enforce seat belt laws

d. federal funding of DWI traffic stops through highway funds

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Hard

11. The decision and authority to formally terminate a policy usually lies in ______.

a. Congress or a state legislature

b. federal department level leaders

c. civil service supervisors

d. the Government Accountability Office

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Programs in which one receives a set of benefits regardless of income, provided one meets categorical requirements, are known as ______ programs.

a. welfare

b. means-based

c. entitlement

d. federal grant

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Payments into Social Security are ______.

a. held in individual accounts until needed

b. invested in private securities on behalf of pensioners

c. used primarily to pay current recipients of benefits

d. kept in the general spending account and used to fund other programs

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Unlike Social Security and Medicare, which are funded through payroll taxes, programs such as Medicaid and others like it that require that individuals demonstrate specific need are known as ______ programs.

a. social dependency

b. needs-based assistance

c. categorical grant

d. public entitlement

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. In 2015, the federally defined poverty threshold for a family of four was an annual family income of ______.

a. $12,750

b. $15,375

c. $24,250

d. $31,900

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) replaced Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) with ______.

a. Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Programs (SNAP)

b. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)

c. the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)

d. the Federal Housing Assistance Act (FHAA)

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. In 1965, the ______ was created to administer programs provided by the FHA as well as to combat homelessness.

a. Fair Housing Act

b. Department of Human Services

c. Federal Housing Authority

d. Department of Housing and Urban Development

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. A(n) ______ program is financed by payroll taxes paid by individuals and without income-based requirements to receive benefits.

a. education

b. welfare

c. health insurance

d. social insurance

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. A(n) ______ program allows anyone who meets the categorical requirements like age or a minimum number of years of payroll contributions, regardless of income, to receive benefits.

a. entitlement

b. welfare

c. need-based assistance

d. antipoverty

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. The fact that life expectancies have increased over the decades means that Social Security ______.

a. is funded well

b. will be sustained from income coming from elderly workers

c. will cover more and more Americans

d. could become insolvent

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. ______ is the primary federal agency tasked with cleaning up and protecting the environment.

a. The Sierra Club

b. The Nature Conservancy

c. Greenpeace

d. The Environmental Protection Agency

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. “Reaganomics” is a form of what?

a. supply-side theory

b. Keynesianism

c. hyperinflation

d. extended dividends

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. The ratification of the 16th Amendment made it constitutional to do what?

a. drink alcohol

b. tax on the incomes of Americans

c. loan money to banks

d. charge foreign nations for banking privileges

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Which institution is the most important player in charting national monetary policy?

a. Citibank

b. Federal Reserve

c. Congressional Budget Office

d. American Financial Affairs Board

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. What is inflation?

a. bad credit score

b. not enough paper money in circulation

c. prices rising due to growth in supply of money

d. when gold is devalued

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. What is one of the criticisms of the Federal Reserve System?

a. It is “too big to fail.”

b. It is not truly independent of politics.

c. The leadership is ineffective.

d. It has a history of poor investments.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. ______ is one of the most important jobs tasked to the federal government.

a. Formulating and implementing the nation’s economic policy

b. Creating a fair tax system

c. The census

d. Having the world’s strongest military

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Guiding the nation’s economy through decisions on spending and taxation is called ______.

a. monetary policy

b. fiscal policy

c. economic growth

d. cap and save

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. Before a society can create an economic policy, it must first ______.

a. vote on the scope of government involvement

b. create laws on fiscal policy

c. examine the proper role of government in regulating economic activity

d. have a top-10 GDP in the world

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. In a laissez-fair economy, governments ______.

a. are heavily involved in economic transactions

b. intrude as little as possible in economic transactions

c. regulate certain industries heavily

d. invest in infrastructure

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. Which of the following utilized a command-and-control economy?

a. England

b. France

c. United States

d. Soviet Union

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. The efforts of government to regulate and support the economy in order to protect and expand citizens’ financial well-being and economic prospects, as well as supporting businesses in the global financial system, is best defined as ______ policy.

a. fiscal

b. economic

c. domestic

d. social welfare

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. The author of the foundational publication An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations in 1776 was ______

a. Benjamin Franklin

b. Adam Smith

c. Thomas Jefferson

d. John Locke

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. An economic policy in which a government dictates much of a nation’s economic activity, including levels of production and prices, would best be described as a ______ economy.

a. laissez-faire

b. command-and-control

c. mixed

d. socialist

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. The percentage of the total labor force that is without a job can best be described as the ______.

a. labor force

b. unemployment rate

c. inflation rate

d. consumer price index

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. A(n) ______ indicates a private sector that is cutting back and not hiring or is laying off workers.

a. decrease in the consumer price index

b. increase in gross domestic product

c. increase in the unemployment rate

d. decrease in the inflation rate

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

37. Inflation is best described as ______.

a. a period of declining consumer prices (CPI)

b. a period of declining gross domestic product (GDP)

c. a period of rising unemployment

d. a period of rising consumer prices (CPI)

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. The fluctuation of economic activity around a long-term trend, with periods of expansion and contraction, is best described as the ______.

a. business cycle

b. inflationary index

c. gross domestic product

d. net national product

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. Monetarists tend to focus their attention on the ______.

a. consumer price index

b. money supply

c. unemployment rate

d. gross domestic product

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

40. In 1936, a broad theory of business cycles proposed by ______ was applied during the depths of the Great Depression.

a. John Maynard Keynes

b. Milton Friedman

c. Adam Smith

d. John Nash

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

41. Under Keynesianism, business cycles are driven by the aggregation of individual decisions over ______.

a. inflation and pricing

b. employment and investment

c. spending and saving

d. capital and labor

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

42. Under Keynesian economics, in periods of economic contraction, the government should ______.

a. inject more money into the economy

b. withdraw investments from banks and businesses

c. pay off debts to avoid a budgetary deficit

d. make direct loans and grants to citizens

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

43. Supply-side theory is often called ______.

a. capital contraction

b. Obamacare

c. fiscal federalism

d. Reaganomics

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

44. Unlike Keynesians, supply-side theorists argue for a stable money supply achieved by focusing on ______.

a. inflationary pressures

b. unemployment rates

c. lowering tax rates

d. attracting consumer savers

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. Critics of supply-side theory often use the term ______ to describe it.

a. “trickle-down economics”

b. “counter-cyclical economics”

c. “investment-focused economics”

d. “limited market regulation”

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

46. Except for a time during the Civil War under President Abraham Lincoln’s administration, individual incomes ______.

a. have always been taxed

b. were not measured

c. were taxed at a flat rate

d. were not taxed until 1913

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

47. If the federal government takes in more money than it spends, then it runs a budget ______.

a. deficit

b. surplus

c. allocation

d. analysis

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

48. When the federal government takes in less money than it spends, it runs a budget ______.

a. deficit

b. surplus

c. allocation

d. analysis

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

49. Which of the following is considered the central bank of the United States?

a. Treasury Department

b. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

c. Federal Reserve System

d. First National Bank of the United States

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

50. A set of economic policy tools designed to regulate the amount of money in the economy (in circulation and in deposits) is known as ______ policy.

a. fiscal

b. economic

c. social welfare

d. monetary

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

51. The rate paid to borrow money is known as the ______ rate.

a. interest

b. unemployment

c. inflation

d. monetary growth

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Easy

52. One of the Federal Reserve’s stated goals is to maintain “moderate inflation” of around ______.

a. 0.5%

b. 1%

c. 2%.

d. 5%

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

53. A major criticism of the Federal Reserve system is that while governed by a nominated and confirmed board of directors, it is primarily owned by ______.

a. private citizens

b. the U.S. government

c. private stockholders

d. private banks

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

54. The ______ is/was an attempt by European countries to integrate politically and economically, so as to never have to experience another world war.

a. European Union

b. Marshall Plan

c. Commonwealth of Independent States

d. United Nations

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

55. The use of extreme violence to achieve political ends is called ______.

a. low-level conflict

b. guerilla warfare

c. torture

d. terrorism

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Easy

56. On September 11, 2001, the terrorist organization ______ hijacked four American commercial aircraft and crashed them into the World Trade Center towers, the Pentagon, and, in a struggle with the passengers on the plane, into a field in Pennsylvania.

a. ISIS

b. al Qaeda

c. al Nusra

d. al Shabab

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

57. The war in Iraq that began in 2003 was a type of ______, because the United States was launching an attack on an enemy before the enemy launched an attack on the United States.

a. preemptive war

b. war of retribution

c. just war

d. retaliatory war

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

58. The ______ got its spark in December 2010 in Tunisia, when the street vendor Mohamed Bouazizi set himself on fire as an act of protest.

a. War on Terror

b. Arab Spring

c. Democratic Awakening

d. Nonviolent Revolution

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

59. The goal of ISIS was to establish a worldwide ______, or an Islamic state ruled by a political and religious leader with absolute authority.

a. utopia

b. communist regime

c. revolution

d. caliphate

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

60. The two primary actors formulating U.S. foreign policy are ______.

a. the director of National Intelligence and the Department of Homeland Security

b. the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency

c. the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense

d. the president and Congress

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

61. The ______ takes on an advisory role when reporting to the president on military operations.

a. secretary of State

b. Joint Chiefs of Staff

c. secretary of Homeland Security

d. Central Intelligence Agency

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

62. Included in the ______ are the president, vice president, chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, secretaries of State, Defense, and Homeland Security, and the director of National Intelligence.

a. White House staff

b. Defense of the Homeland Committee

c. Foreign Policy Council

d. National Security Council

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

63. The War Powers Resolution was passed in response to the prosecution and escalation of ______.

a. World War II

b. the Vietnam War

c. the Cold War

d. the War on Terror

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

64. Under the War Powers Resolution, the president has to notify Congress within ______ hours of the deployment of troops, and in the absence of a declaration of war, special authorization, or a deadline extension by Congress, must withdraw those troops within ______ days, with an extra ______-day extension allowed if necessary to make sure the troops come home safely.

a. 24; 60; 30

b. 48; 30; 30

c. 48; 60; 30

d. 24; 30; 30

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Hard

65. American presidents routinely say that the War Powers Resolution is ______, because it restricts their power as commander-in-chief.

a. to be respected

b. unconstitutional

c. outdated

d. confusing

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

66. One of the first signs of the end of the Cold War was when ______ on November 9, 1989.

a. Ronald Reagan was elected

b. Mikhail Gorbachev became leader of the Soviet Union

c. the Soviet Union was dissolved

d. the Berlin Wall came down

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

67. During the Cold War, the potential threat of ______ was/were especially heightened.

a. natural disasters

b. environmental collapse

c. nuclear war

d. biological and chemical warfare

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Easy

68. When the Cold War ended, the balance of power in the world was described as ______.

a. bipolar

b. multipolar

c. unipolar

d. tripolar

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

69. In his Farewell Address to the nation after stepping down as president, George Washington warned the United States ______.

a. against participating in any kind of trade with other nations

b. to project itself abroad as much as possible so as to have more allies than enemies

c. against having friendly relations with other countries

d. not to get drawn into foreign entanglements in Europe

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

70. President Theodore Roosevelt expanded on the Monroe Doctrine in 1904, asserting that ______.

a. Spanish-speaking peoples had a right to sanctuary in the United States

b. the United States’ sphere of influence was unlimited

c. the United States was the guarantor of political, economic, and military stability in Latin America and the Caribbean

d. the United States would defend its protectorate, Cuba, against threats coming from Asia

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Hard

71. The policy that asserted American interests in and primacy over actions in the Western Hemisphere was called the ______.

a. Louisiana Purchase

b. Monroe Doctrine

c. Madison Policy

d. Roosevelt Corollary

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

72. For the more than the first century of America’s history, its pattern of global involvement was defined by which of the following?

a. global economic involvement but a lack of military action with wars and conflicts outside of the Western Hemisphere

b. little economic involvement but an expansion of military action in wars and conflicts outside of the Western Hemisphere

c. economic involvement only in the Western Hemisphere and no military involvement in Europe or areas outside of the Western Hemisphere

d. global economic and military involvement with wars and conflicts outside of the Western Hemisphere

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

73. In the 20th century, American foreign policy changed to one of ______.

a. isolationism

b. internationalism

c. absolutism

d. socialism

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

74. The victories of America and its allies in World War I led to ______.

a. the complete retreat of American military forces from global involvement and a return to isolationism

b. America’s establishment as a key member of the global military and economic balance of power

c. American nationalism and patriotic pride as the country rose in international prominence on the global scene

d. the need for American soldiers to take a secondary role in the military and economic balance of power

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

75. Which of the following was most responsible for the end of World War II?

a. the firebombing of Germany

b. America’s island-hopping campaign in the Pacific

c. incendiary attacks on the Japanese people

d. the dropping of two atomic bombs on Japan in August 1945

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Easy

76. In the aftermath of World War II, America and ______ quickly became enemies.

a. Great Britain

b. Japan

c. the Soviet Union

d. West Germany

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Easy

77. Which diplomatic leader warned that “an iron curtain has descended across the continent”?

a. Winston Churchill

b. Franklin D. Roosevelt

c. Harry S. Truman

d. Charles de Gaulle

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

78. The Cold War foreign policy designed to restrict expansion of Soviet ideological and military influence and expansion, using military force if necessary, was called ______.

a. retainment

b. prevention

c. containment

d. restriction

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Easy

79. The international organization formed to gather other countries in support of Soviet containment was the ______.

a. European Union

b. United Nations

c. Warsaw Pact

d. World Monetary Fund

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Hard

80. Wars that are instigated by major powers that do not themselves become involved are called ______ wars.

a. hot

b. cold

c. proxy

d. quasi

Learning Objective: 18-2: Summarize the historical development of America’s involvement in international affairs, and the conflicts that have shaped changes in America’ approach to the world.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

81. The doctrine that called for the use of American assistance to anticommunist groups that included military training and hardware during the 1980s in places like Nicaragua and Afghanistan was called the ______.

a. Kennedy Proposal

b. Marshall Plan

c. Reagan Doctrine

d. Roosevelt Corollary

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

82. The collapse and disintegration of the Soviet Union was due in large part to ______.

a. intense diplomatic, economic, ideological, and military competition between the superpowers

b. the extension of U.S. troops into Soviet satellite nations

c. tough speeches given by Presidents Kennedy and Reagan

d. an excess of resource demands on the property-poor Soviet Union

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

83. The fourth major war in contemporary U.S. history was the ______.

a. World War II

b. Cold War

c. War on Terror

d. War on Drugs

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

84. The newest cabinet department, and one of the most influential in conducting foreign policy, is the ______.

a. Defense Department

b. Department of the Interior

c. State Department

d. Department of Homeland Security

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

85. Which of the following is the advisory board responsible for reporting to the president on military options?

a. State Department

b. Defense Department

c. Joint Chiefs of Staff

d. Department of Homeland Security

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

86. The head of all of the intelligence agencies in the United States is the ______.

a. chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

b. secretary of Homeland Security

c. National Security advisor

d. director of National Intelligence

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

87. A criticism of NAFTA has been its impact on ______.

a. American jobs

b. immigration patterns

c. open borders

d. economic policy

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

88. Which of the following events most impacted current attitudes toward Syrian immigration across the globe?

a. attacks of September 11, 2001

b. San Bernardino attacks of December 2015

c. sheer number of Syrian migrants

d. November 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

89. Until recently, which state was second only to California in accepting Syrian refugees?

a. Texas

b. Arizona

c. Florida

d. North Carolina

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

90. In December 2015, the attorney general of Texas, under the leadership of Republican Governor Greg Abbott, sued the U.S. government to ______.

a. end NAFTA

b. contest participation in the TPP

c. receive proceeds from the NAFTA and TPP agreements

d. block resettlement of Syrian refugees within the state

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

91. ______ is/was the most destructive war in all of human history, with an estimated 60 million people being killed.

a. World War I

b. World War II

c. The Cold War

d. The War on Terror

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Easy

92. The ways in which political actors in a nation engage others at home and abroad in order to advance their own nation’s interests, protect and secure national security, and support national commercial interests are defined as ______ policy.

a. defense

b. domestic

c. foreign

d. economic

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Easy

93. When did the Soviet Union would officially cease to exist?

a. November 9, 1989

b. December 1, 1991

c. December 26, 1991

d. January 1, 1992

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

94. The period of time between 1945 and 1991 characterized by nonviolent political hostility between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies is defined as the ______.

a. Cold War

b. Spy War

c. Red Scare

d. Communist Period

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

95. Had the Cold War gone hot, it very well may have involved the use of ______.

a. traditional weapons

b. nuclear weapons

c. global terrorism

d. nonconventional weapons

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

96. After the Cold War, the world changed from decades of being a ______ world to a ______ one.

a. unilateral; bilateral

b. unipolar; bipolar

c. bipolar; unipolar

d. bilateral; unilateral

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

97. The distribution of power in an international system in which two states exert most of the power and influence is defined as ______.

a. bipolarity

b. unipolarity

c. bilateralism

d. unilateralism

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

98. As a result of its breathtaking economic development, ______ emerged as a global economic power.

a. the Soviet Union

b. India

c. China

d. Germany

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

99. An alliance created during the Cold War requiring America and all other members to come to the military aid of each other in case of attack was the ______.

a. North Atlantic Treaty Alliance (NATO)

b. United Nations Educational Science and Cultural Education (UNESCO)

c. Warsaw Pact

d. United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

100. President Washington’s admonishments in his Farewell Address to the nation pointed to a policy of ______.

a. mercantilism

b. inclusion

c. isolationism

d. industrialism

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Public policy uses governmental action through domestic, economic, and foreign policy to protect its citizens.

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: American Dreamers’ Futures Depend Upon Whether a Policy Will Continue

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. According to analysts with the United States Census Bureau, America will be a plural nation by 2025.

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: American Dreamers’ Futures Depend Upon Whether a Policy Will Continue

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Social welfare policy deals with the economic status of and opportunities for citizens and residents.

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. At its core, social welfare policy involves redistribution of resources from one source to another.

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Getting an item on the policy agenda is a precisely defined systematic process with clear rules and guidelines.

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Fiscal policy is the process of guiding the nation’s economy through decisions on spending and taxation.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. America’s economy is best described as a laissez-faire type of economy.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Inflation occurs when prices rise due to growth in the supply of money.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. The ratification of the 16th Amendment made it constitutional to tax the incomes of Americans.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. The consumer price index (CPI) can be used to measure inflation and deflation.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Fluctuations of economic activity around a long-term trend with periods of expansion and contraction are known as the gross domestic product (GDP).

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. The Arab Spring in Tunisia led to democratic reforms, stability, and hope.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad Twenty-First Century

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. When the Arab Spring came to Syria, and peaceful protests challenged the dictatorship of Bashar al Assad, the Syrian government started slaughtering people.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad Twenty-First Century

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. The Cold War was “cold” because it never broke out into full and open warfare between the United States and the Soviet Union.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. The Reagan Doctrine’s call for American assistance to anticommunist groups, including military training and hardware, was evidenced in Afghanistan and Nicaragua.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Hard

16. After the Cold War, the United States stood alone as a military hyperpower.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. The Monroe Doctrine asserted American interests in and primacy over actions around the globe.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. An executive order by President Trump allowed individuals who came to the United States before the age of 16 to seek a deferment on their deportation.

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: American Dreamers’ Futures Depend Upon Whether a Policy Will Continue

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. The Marshall Plan was a key tool in America’s containment strategy during the Cold War.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. During the Cold War, both the United States and the Soviet Union fought proxy wars in which neither nation was directly involved.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Hard

Short Answer

1. The step in the policy-making process in which policies that are seen as “failed” are defunded or otherwise ended is called ______.

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Mary leads a special interest group that tries to shape the political agenda and get their solutions implemented. Individuals like Mary are called ______.

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. A measure of the total value of goods and services produced by American economic activity is ______.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. In the wake of the September 11 attacks, President Bush involved the nation in a ______ war in which military might was used to challenge adversaries before they launched attacks upon the United States.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. As protests arose against authoritarian governments in North Africa and the Middle East in the Spring of 2010, the movement that became known as the ______ began to spread.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Hard

Essay

1. Explain the stages in the policy-making process and describe how each stage impacts the policy-making process.

Learning Objective: 13-1: Understand the steps in the policymaking process and the different forms of domestic social policy in America today.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Domestic Social Policies Safeguard Americans’ Welfare

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Compare and contrast economic policy with fiscal policy and explain their role in shaping national economic outcomes.

Student answers may vary but should discuss leading economic indicators and the use of spending and taxation for fiscal policy.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Understand the U.S. approach to fiscal policy and the tools that are used to measure and implement those policies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Policy Protects Americans’ Financial Prospects

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, the Bush administration adopted a policy of preemptive war in order to prevent future terrorist attacks. What do you see as the justification for as well as major challenges and controversies that might arise from a national defense strategy of preemptive war?

Student answers will vary as to justification and challenges but should, at the very least, discuss the development of problems in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Many have argued that the War Powers Act (1973) has actually made it easier for a president to justify engaging American troops in foreign operations. What evidence exists for or against this statement? Justify your answer.

Students should use evidence to support their views on this topic.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Should the United States maintain a policy of economic protectionism, or should it continue to make international economic agreements and treaties such as NAFTA and the TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership)?

Students should analyze these arguments in their answer.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the events that have shaped changes in America’s approach to the world and the actors involved in formulating policy.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Foreign Policy Advances Americans’ Interests Abroad

Difficulty Level: Hard