Prokaryotic Diversity Test Bank Docx Chapter 4 1st Edition

Chapter 4: Prokaryotic Diversity

= Correct answer

Multiple Choice

1. Which is the best example of a population?

A. all the microbes living in a particular area

B. all the microbes of a particular domain living in a particular area

C. all the microbes of a single species living in a particular area

D. all the microbes living within the same host

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 20

1. Microbial ecology is defined as the study of which of the following?

A. competitive interactions between microbes
B. cooperative interactions between microbes
C. interactions between individuals of a single species

D. interactions between microbial populations and their environment

Difficulty: Easy

ASM Standard: 20

1. Which term best describes the relationship between pathogenic bacteria and humans?
   A. amensalism

B. commensalism

C. parasitism

D. predation

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 23

1. Which of the following is not a class within the phylum Proteobacteria?

A. Alphaproteobacteria

B. Betaproteobacteria

C. Deltaproteobacteria

D. Omegaproteobacteria

Difficulty: Easy

ASM Standard: N/A

1. Which of the following correctly characterizes Epsilonproteobacteria?

A. They are atypical (not gram positive or gram negative).

B. They are gram negative.

C. They are gram positive.

D. They are gram variable.

Difficulty: Easy

ASM Standard: 34

1. Which describes bacteria that require low concentrations of oxygen to survive (less than that in the current atmosphere)?

A. facultative anaerobes

B. microaerophiles

C. obligate aerobes

D. obligate anaerobes

Difficulty: Easy

ASM Standard: 11, 22

1. Cyanobacteria produce which of the following?

A. hydrogen sulfide gas
B. large quantities of ammonia

C. oxygen
D. sulfuric acid

Difficulty: Easy

ASM Standard: 11, 22

1. Which of the following bacterial groups is thought to be most closely related to the last universal common ancestor?

A. Alphaproteobacteria
B. cyanobacteria

C. deeply branching bacteria

D. green filamentous bacteria

Difficulty: Easy

ASM Standard: 5

1. Which of the following is a phylum in Domain Archaea?

A. Crenarchaeotae
B. Deinococcus
C. Mycoplasma

D. Thermotogae

Difficulty: Easy

ASM Standard: 5

1. Which genus contains the nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in legume nodules?

A. Bacillus

B. Escherichia

C. Rhizobium

D. Vibrio

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 11, 24

1. Approximately what percentage of prokaryotes are thought to be pathogens?

A. <1%

B. 12%

C. 26%

D. 48%

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 23

1. Two species of bacteria live in near each other and use similar food resources. Which type of biological interaction does this describe?

A. a competitive interaction

B. a cooperative interaction

C. a mutualistic interaction

D. a parasitic interaction

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 23

1. Which of the following is a source of vitamin K for humans?

A. Bacteroides thetaiotetraiotamicron digests foods, which release vitamin K.

B. Escherichia coli in their digestive tract produces vitamin K.

C. S. epidermidis releases vitamin K from dead cells.

D. their diet only

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 23, 24

1. The human microbiome consists of which of the following?

A. all microbes present on or in the body

B. pathogenic microbes only
C. resident microbes only

D. transient microbes only

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 23

1. The most common bacterial genus found in plaque on teeth is which of the following?

A. Fusobacterium

B. Haemophilus

C. Lactobacillus

D. Streptococcus

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 23

1. Who authored A Manual in Determinative Bacteriology, published in 1923?

A. David Bergey

B. Robert Koch

C. Barry Marshall and Robin Warren

D. Louis Pasteur

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: N/A

1. Which of the following cannot be classified as either gram positive or gram negative on the basis of the Gram staining protocol?

A. Bacillus

B. Escherichia

C. Mycoplasma

D. Vibrio

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: N/A

1. Bordetella pertussis is an example of which group of organisms?

A. Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides

B. high G+C bacteria
C. Proteobacteria

D. spirochetes

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: N/A

1. Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, is an example of which group of organisms?

A. CFB group

B. planctomycetes

C. proteobacteria

D. spirochetes

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: N/A

1. Which of the following correctly describes the microscopic morphology of Bacteroides?

A. gram-negative bacilli

B. gram-negative cocci

C. gram-positive bacilli

D. gram-positive cocci

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: N/A

1. Which best describes the metabolic activities of purple sulfur bacteria?

A. They are capable of nitrogen fixation, fixing nitrogen gas into nitrates and ammonia.
B. They are heterotrophic and break down organic compounds to obtain energy.

C. They use light energy to oxidize hydrogen sulfide, producing sulfur and sulfuric acid.

D. They use light energy to oxidize organic compounds such as sugars.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 11

1. How do Archaea differ from Bacteria?

A. Archaea are found exclusively in extreme habitats.
B. Archaea have ether linkages in their cell membranes.

C. Archaea have peptidoglycan cell walls.

D. Archaea lack a nucleus.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 8

1. Which of the following correctly describes the metabolism of methanogens?

A. They oxidize CO₂.

B. They oxidize H₂S.

C. They produce CH₄.

D. They produce N₂ gas.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 11

1. Which best describes Halobacterium salinarum?

A. It is a type of methanogen.
B. It is abundant in temperate environments.
C. It is an example of the deeply branching bacteria.

D. It is one of the oldest archaea.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 5

1. Which of the following is the correct classification for the methanogens?

A. Archaea

B. low G+C bacteria

C. Proteobacteria

D. spirochetes

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 11

1. Which best describes Crenarchaeota?

A. aquatic archaea abundant in oceans
B. aquatic bacteria abundant in oceans

C. archaea that cause dental disease

D. pathogenic bacteria that infect animals

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 11

1. The LPSN refers to which of the following?
   A. a guide to bacterial identification

B. a list of approved bacterial names

C. a taxonomic key to aid identification of bacteria

D. an overview of current bacterial systematics

Difficulty: Difficult

ASM Standard: N/A

1. Which of the following is not a genus of Betaproteobacteria?

A. Bordetella

B. Chlamydia

C. Leptothrix

D. Thiobacillus

Difficulty: Difficult

ASM Standard: N/A

1. Which of the following bacterial genera is microaerophilic?

A. Bdellovibrio

B. Campylobacter

C. Klebsiella

D. Pseudomonas

Difficulty: Difficult

ASM Standard: 11, 20, 22

1. Rhodospirillum, a genus capable of fixing nitrogen, is a type of which of the following?
   A. green nonsulfur bacteria

B. green sulfur bacteria

C. purple nonsulfur bacteria
D. purple sulfur bacteria

Difficulty: Difficult

ASM Standard: 11

1. Which genus, believed to be the deepest-branching archaeal genus, has flagella and is strictly anaerobic?

A. Methanosarcina

B. Pyrolobus

C. Sulfolobus

D. Thermoproteus

Difficulty: Difficult

ASM Standard: 5, 20

1. Which best describes the class Halobacteria?
   A. archaeans that require highly saline environments

B. archaeans that require methane-rich environments
C. bacteria that require highly arid environments
D. bacteria that require highly saline environments

Difficulty: Difficult

ASM Standard: 20

1. Methanobrevibacter oralis is an example of which type of organism?

A. a bacterium that takes advantage of the conditions caused by immunosuppression, as can occur during cancer treatment

B. a pathogenic archaean

C. a pathogenic bacterium

D. an archaean that takes advantage of the conditions caused by periodontal disease to grow; may or may not affect disease progression

Difficulty: Difficult

ASM Standard: 23

1. A toga is which of the following?
   A. a structure produced by the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum that has medicinal uses

B. an outer membrane found in a taxon within the deeply branching bacteria

C. an outer peptidoglycan layer found in a taxon within the proteobacteria

D. an unusual cell wall found in some archaeans

Difficulty: Difficult

ASM Standard: 8

True/False

1. The bacterial species found associated with the human body are very similar from one individual to another.

Difficulty: Easy

ASM Standard: 21, 23

1. The phototrophic bacteria do not form a distinct taxonomic group.

Difficulty: Easy

ASM Standard: 5, 11

1. Although Archaea cannot be classified as gram positive or gram negative, all Bacteria can be classified into one of these two categories.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 5

1. Spirochetes are generally easy to culture in the laboratory.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 11, 36

1. The deeply branching bacteria contain species that have evolved most recently.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 5

1. All the bacteria classified within the genus Bacillus are capable of forming endospores.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 8

1. Mycoplasmas are bacteria that lack cell walls.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 8

1. Phototrophic bacteria may have carotenoids, which are the red and orange pigments also used as accessory pigments by plants.

Difficulty: Difficult

ASM Standard: 11

1. The class Bacilli includes both rod-shaped and spherical bacterial species.

Difficulty: Difficult

ASM Standard: N/A

Matching

1. Match each type of association with the best definition.

Answers: A. iv., B. v., C. ii., D. i., E. iii.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 20, 23

1. Match each type of association with the best example.

Answers: A. i., B. iv., C. iii., D. ii.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 20, 23

1. Match each genus with the appropriate class of Proteobacteria.

Answers: A. ii., B. iii., C. i., D. v., E. iv.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: N/A

1. Match each low G+C bacterial genus with the best description of its morphology.

Answers: A. iii., B. ii., C. iv., D. i.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 34

1. Match each genus of Actinobacteria with its best description.

Answers: A. i., B. v., C. iv., D. iii., E. ii.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 20, 23

1. Match each group of bacteria with its best description.

Answers: A. iv., B. ii., C. iii., D. v., E. i.

Difficulty: Difficult

ASM Standard: 34

Fill in the Blank

1. ________ is the domain that includes the Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota.

Difficulty: Easy

ASM Standard: N/A

1. The class ________ consists of high G+C bacteria.

Difficulty: Easy

ASM Standard: N/A

1. Green and purple bacteria perform photosynthesis using green, purple, or blue pigments called ________.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 11

1. Purple sulfur bacteria use ________ as their source of carbon.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 23, 24

1. Variability in cellular shape, as exemplified by mycoplasmas, is described by the term ________.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: N/A

1. The ________ is a class of Proteobacteria characterized by oligotrophy and that includes chlamydias and the rickettsias.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: N/A

1. Organisms that must live within the cells of their hosts are ________ pathogens.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: N/A

1. The Halobacteria are classified within the archaeal phylum ________.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: N/A

1. A special growth medium called ________ agar is required to culture members of the genus Neisseria.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 33, 36

1. The medically important genus Salmonella is classified within the ________ family of the Gammaproteobacteria.

Difficulty: Difficult

ASM Standard: N/A

Short Answer

1. What is the term for different strains within a bacterial species, also called serotypes?

Sample

Difficulty: Easy

ASM Standard: N/A

1. Which genus of Gammaproteobacteria is associated with infections in patients with cystic fibrosis?

Sample

Difficulty: Easy

ASM Standard: 23

1. What is unusual about the morphology of myxobacteria?

Sample

Difficulty: Easy

ASM Standard: N/A

1. How do cyanobacteria obtain energy?

Sample

Difficulty: Easy

ASM Standard: 11

1. What is the major way that purple nonsulfur and purple sulfur bacteria differ?

Sample

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 11

1. Why are bacteria in the CFB group classified together even though they are phylogenetically diverse?
   Sample

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: N/A

1. What is the role of Bacteroides in the human gut and what are the effects of antibiotic use on them?
   Sample

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 14, 22, 23

1. Describe the classification and characteristics of Helicobacter pylori. Why is it of medical importance?

Sample

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 14, 23

1. Which taxonomic groups of bacteria are considered phototrophic groups? List the groups and provide examples.

Sample

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 22

1. What is the difference between oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis?

Sample

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 11, 22

1. What are chlorosomes?

Sample

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 11

1. What are at least two differences between Archaea and Bacteria??

Sample

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: N/A

1. In which environment would purple sulfur bacteria more likely live: acidic, alkaline, or neutral environment? Explain why.

Sample

Difficulty: Difficult

ASM Standard: 11, 22

1. Why are myxobacteria useful in studying intercellular communication?

Sample

Difficulty: Difficult

ASM Standard: 22, 25

1. Why do purple sulfur bacteria require sulfites?

Sample

Difficulty: Difficult

ASM Standard: 11, 22

Brief Essay

Essay Question Rubric

Assume rating/grading scale for the question ranges from 0 to 3 points.

1. The Epsilonbacteria include two genera of particular medical importance. What are these two genera and why are they important?

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 22, 23

1. The term “neutralism” technically means an interaction in which two species do not affect each other. Is this likely to occur when two organisms exist in the same location? Explain why this particular type of interaction is difficult to identify and why some argue that it may not exist in nature.

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 20, 22, 23

1. Mycoplasmas are considered atypical, rather than gram positive or gram negative. Why is it not possible to use a standard Gram stain technique to classify these bacteria? What color would they appear if stained using a Gram stain technique?

Difficulty: Moderate

ASM Standard: 32, 34

1. Methanobrevibacter oralis is an archaean that has been identified in patients with periodontal disease. Explain how this finding does not necessarily mean causation and what would be needed to conclude that an archaean was responsible for a particular disease.

Difficulty: Difficult

ASM Standard: 23, 28

1. When scientists first proposed that Helicobacter pylori might be associated with stomach ulcers, other scientists were very skeptical of their conclusions. One of the researchers eventually consumed a sample and documented the effects, dramatically showing that the bacterium could cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Why do you think scientists were initially skeptical that a bacterium, rather than stress and lifestyle factors, could be responsible for gastritis, ulcers, and stomach cancer?

Difficulty: Difficult

ASM Standard: 14, 22, 23

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