Powers Test Bank Answers Ch.24 Exercise And The Environment

Chapter 24

Exercise and the Environment

Multiple Choice Questions
 

1. The PO₂ decreases with increasing altitude because of the 
A. lower percent of oxygen in the air.
B. lower barometric pressure.
C. higher percent of carbon dioxide in the air.
D. higher percent of nitrogen in the air.

2. When track meets are held at altitude, the sprint performances are usually better than at sea level because of the 
A. lower PO₂.
B. greater reliance on creatine phosphate for energy.
C. greater reliance on anaerobic glycolysis for energy.
D. lower air density.

3. Distance-running performances are generally not as good when conducted at high altitude. This is due to the 
A. lower PO_2.
B. greater reliance on creatine phosphate for energy.
C. greater reliance on anaerobic glycolysis for energy.
D. lower air density.

4. Maximal aerobic power decreases with altitude due to the 
A. lower PO_2.
B. lower percent of oxygen in the air.
C. lower hemoglobin levels.
D. increase in hemoglobin levels.

5. Compared to the value measured at sea level, when a subject works at the same work rate at 3,000 meters altitude, the heart rate is 
A. higher.
B. lower.
C. the same.
D. dependent on the conditioning state of the subject.

6. Pulmonary ventilation is higher at altitude than at sea level for any work rate. This is necessary due to the 
A. colder air.
B. lower air density.
C. lower O₂ percentage.
D. increased viscosity of the air.

7. Natives who have resided at altitude all their lives adapt to the altitude by 
A. exercising regularly.
B. decreasing maximal ventilation.
C. increasing the environmental PO₂.
D. producing more red blood cells.

8. Some athletes experience a larger-than-expected decrease in VO₂ max when tested at altitude. This may be due to 
A. a larger desaturation of hemoglobin.
B. a greater decrease in maximal heart rate.
C. a greater decrease in maximal stroke volume.
D. poor mitochondrial function.

9. When Messner and Habeler climbed Mount Everest without supplemental oxygen, the scientists had to reevaluate their calculations that VO₂ max at the top of Everest was equal to resting metabolic rate (3.5 ml • kg^-1 • min^-1). They found that the 
A. barometric pressure was higher than expected at the top of Everest.
B. oxygen percentage was higher than expected at the top of Everest.
C. air temperature was colder than expected.
D. hemoglobin levels increased suddenly at that altitude for those who didn't use supplemental oxygen.

10. When environmental air temperature exceeds skin temperature, 
A. heat is lost by the body through convection and/or radiation.
B. the sweat rate decreases.
C. the sweat rate increases.
D. heat is gained by the body through conduction.

11. In the heat stress equation, which of the following terms is given the most consideration in predicting the heat load? 
A. dry bulb temperature
B. black globe temperature
C. wet bulb temperature

12. The term that describes the potential loss of heat due to cold air and air movement is 
A. hypothermia.
B. frostbite.
C. wind chill.

13. Which of the following individuals would lose heat faster when floating in cold water? 
A. a thin, athletic person
B. a fat, sedentary person

14. Carbon monoxide can decrease VO₂ max by 
A. binding to hemoglobin to displace oxygen.
B. irritating the bronchioles.
C. decreasing the number of red blood cells.
D. decreasing the arterial PO₂ to half its normal value.

15. Research indicates that the best way for an endurance athlete to take advantage of altitude-induced physiological adjustments is to live at _______ altitude and train at ______ altitude. 
A. high; low
B. high; high
C. low; low
D. low; high

16. The term that denotes an inspired PO₂ that is greater than that at sea level is 
A. hypoxia.
B. hyperoxia.
C. normoxia.
D. superoxia.

17. Which of the following is the most serious form of heat illnesses? 
A. heat cramps
B. heat exhaustion
C. heat stroke
D. heat syncope

18. Which of the following range of values represents "good" air quality as indicated by the Air Quality Index (AQI)? 
A. 0-50
B. 51-100
C. 101-150
D. 151-200

19. Which of the following pollutants is generated by the reaction of UV light and emissions from internal combustion engines? 
A. carbon monoxide
B. sulfur dioxide
C. particulate matter
D. ozone

20. The major factor causing a decrease in VO₂ max at all altitudes is 
A. lower cardiac output.
B. higher cardiac output.
C. lower oxygen extraction by muscle.
D. higher oxygen extraction by muscle.

21. Individuals who are successful climbing to high altitudes have a great capacity to hyperventilate. This is beneficial because it 
A. drives down the PO₂ of the blood.
B. allows more hemoglobin to bind to oxygen at the same PO₂.
C. increases the PO₂ of the blood.
D. increases hemoglobin concentration in the blood.

22. The most rapid and effective method of reducing body temperature in those with heat stroke is 
A. cold water immersion.
B. rapid fluid replacement.
C. moving the athlete to the shade.
D. waiting; cooling is a slow process.

23. The best protection against heat stroke and heat exhaustion is 
A. taking salt tablets.
B. hydrating before exercise.
C. wearing light-colored clothing.
D. acclimatization.

24. Clinically, hypothermia is described as a core temperature below 
A. 37°C.
B. 35°C.
C. 30°C.
D. 29°C.

25. Heat loss in cold water is __________ heat loss in cold air of the same temperature. 
A. greater than
B. less than
C. the same as

26. Particulate matter in the air can result in 
A. decreased capacity of blood vessels to dilate.
B. reduction in fibrinolytic activity.
C. increased oxidative stress.
D. all of the above.

/ Questions

27. If maximal exercise is conducted at 21,000 feet altitude, VO2 max may be lower due to an actual reduction in maximal heart rate.

28. Acclimatization to the heat results in an increased rate of sweating during exercise.

29. Chronic (e.g., two weeks) exposure to altitude will increase the unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin.

30. The lactate paradox refers to the increase in production of lactate during hyperoxic conditions.

31. Wind speed affects environmental temperature.