Politics Who Gets What, And How? Test Bank Ch.1 Barbour

Test Bank

Chapter 1: Politics: Who Gets What, and How?

Multiple Choice

1. Politics is defined in your text as ______.

a. the ability to get others to do what you want

b. who gets what, when, and how

c. the way we organize and live our collective lives

d. the process by which societies resolve, reduce, or eliminate conflict

e. a system or organization for exercising authority over a body of people

Learning Objective: 1.1: Describe the role that politics plays in determining how power and resources, including control of information, are distributed in a society.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Politics?

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

2. Politics is determined by “______” gets power and resources in society and “______” they get them.

a. where; how

b. how; where

c. who; how

d. what; where

e. what; how

Learning Objective: 1.1: Describe the role that politics plays in determining how power and resources, including control of information, are distributed in a society.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Politics?

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

3. Power is defined in your text as ______.

a. a type of totalitarianism

b. the ability to get other people to do what you want

c. the use of force to obtain desired goals

d. the essential quality of leadership

e. the use of military, paramilitary, or police forces to control people

Learning Objective: 1.1: Describe the role that politics plays in determining how power and resources, including control of information, are distributed in a society.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Politics?

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

4. ______ refers to a particular view of how we ought to organize and live our collective lives.

a. Authority

b. Politics

c. The rules

d. Social order

e. Authoritarianism

Learning Objective: 1.1: Describe the role that politics plays in determining how power and resources, including control of information, are distributed in a society.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Politics?

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

5. ______ can be described as a system or an organization for exercising authority over a body of people.

a. Political partisanship

b. Federalism

c. Power

d. Force

e. Government

Learning Objective: 1.1: Describe the role that politics plays in determining how power and resources, including control of information, are distributed in a society.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Politics and Government

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

6. In the relationship between politics and government, ______.

a. politics is the system for exercising authority over people, whereas government is the process through which power is gained and lost

b. politics is the process or activity through which power is gained and lost, whereas government is a system for exercising authority over a body of people

c. politics is merely a narrow self-interested activity, whereas government is solely an institution for serving the needs of the people

d. politics is democratic, whereas government is authoritarian

e. politics is whatever politicians do, whereas government is whatever bureaucrats do

Learning Objective: 1.1: Describe the role that politics plays in determining how power and resources, including control of information, are distributed in a society.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Politics and Government

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

7. Which of the following are tacit guidelines that help determine acceptable political behavior?

a. rules

b. political narratives

c. norms

d. authority

e. social order

Learning Objective: 1.1: Describe the role that politics plays in determining how power and resources, including control of information, are distributed in a society.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Rules and Institutions

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

8. How do rules fit into the concept of “who gets what, and how”?

a. rules can be thought of as the “what”

b. rules are not relevant

c. rules can be thought of as the “who”

d. rules define the “getting”

e. rules can be thought of as the “how”

Learning Objective: 1.1: Describe the role that politics plays in determining how power and resources, including control of information, are distributed in a society.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Rules and Institutions

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

9. What are organizations called in which government power is exercised and where political struggle takes place?

a. socialist countries

b. capitalist economies

c. monarchies

d. democracies

e. institutions

Learning Objective: 1.1: Describe the role that politics plays in determining how power and resources, including control of information, are distributed in a society.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Rules and Institutions

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

10. What is defined as a story that people believe about who has power, who wants power, who deserves power, and what someone has done to get and maintain power?

a. political discourse

b. political narrative

c. political story-telling

d. self-reflection

e. political speech

Learning Objective: 1.1: Describe the role that politics plays in determining how power and resources, including control of information, are distributed in a society.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Power, Narratives, and Media

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

11. A Populist would support which of the following viewpoints?

a. In a democracy power is concentrated among the elite at the expense of ordinary people.

b. Individuals have no right to control the political aspects of their lives.

c. Most forms of democracy tend to meet the needs of ordinary people before those of the elite.

d. Group membership has historically hampered the political efforts of ordinary people.

e. Average citizens serve no important political role beyond choosing their leaders.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Nonauthoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

12. The market controls economic decisions in a(n) ______ economy.

a. socialist

b. totalitarian

c. authoritarian

d. capitalist

e. anarchic

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Politics and Economics

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

13. Which of the following reflects the type of economic system found in the United States?

a. socialism, in which economic decisions are made by the government

b. regulated capitalism, in which business has substantial freedom from government interference, but the government does step in and regulate the economy to guarantee individual rights

c. pure capitalism, in which all means used to produce material resources are privately owned

d. pure laissez-faire capitalism, in which the government has no economic role at all

e. social democracy, in which government plays an enormous role in ensuring substantive guarantees of fair outcomes for all citizens

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems..

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Politics and Economics

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

14. According to the authors, which of the following can often easily exploit Populist movements?

a. public-interested citizens

b. subjects

c. digital natives

d. mediated citizens

e. authoritarian groups or individuals

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nonauthoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

15. In socialist economies, control over economic decisions is exercised by ______.

a. society, through its purchasing power

b. the market

c. the government

d. supply-and-demand forces

e. the people’s votes

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Politics and Economics

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

16. In a socialist economy, economic decisions are determined by ______.

a. individual decisions in the market

b. the presidents of leading corporations

c. a vote of the people

d. political leaders, on the basis of what society needs

e. random decision making

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Politics and Economics

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

17. The key difference between pure capitalist economies and pure socialist economies is that ______.

a. politicians make economic decisions in capitalist economies, whereas the market controls economic decisions in socialist economies

b. the government plays a regulatory role only in socialist economies

c. the market controls economic decisions in capitalist economies, whereas politicians make economic decisions in socialist economies

d. capitalist economies are seldom democracies, whereas socialist economies frequently are democracies

e. people decide economic policies by voting in capitalist systems, but the people do not vote for economic policies in socialist systems

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Politics and Economics

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

18. Government assurances of particular outcomes or results are ______.

a. social democracy

b. substantive guarantees

c. procedural guarantees

d. democracy

e. socialism

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Politics and Economics

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

19. Many European countries follow the theory of ______, which is a hybrid system combining a capitalist economy and a government that supports equality.

a. Jeffersonian democracy

b. Italian fascism

c. social democracy

d. Marxism

e. social capitalism

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Politics and Economics

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

20. A political system in which the state holds all power over the social order is ______.

a. an Athenian-like democracy

b. a republic

c. authoritarian government

d. a theocracy

e. a social monarchy

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Politics and Economics

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

21. In authoritarian systems ______, whereas in nonauthoritarian systems ______.

a. government merely determines the rules; government makes substantive guarantees

b. government is responsible for the welfare of the people; government is forbidden from affecting the welfare of the people

c. government makes substantive decisions about how people ought to live their lives; government merely guarantees that there are fair rules and leaves the rest to individual control

d. the citizens have rights but no power; the citizens have rights and power

e. the government controls the economy; the government has no control over the economy

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Authoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

22. A ______ government combines an authoritarian government with a socialist economy.

a. totalitarian

b. monarchical

c. libertarian

d. anarchic

e. democratic

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Authoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

23. In a(n) ______ system, government allows people complete economic freedom but maintains stringent social regulations to limit noneconomic behavior.

a. authoritarian socialist

b. advanced industrial democratic

c. totalitarian

d. authoritarian capitalist

e. communist democratic

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Authoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

24. In an authoritarian system, the people have ______.

a. rights but no obligations

b. obligations but no rights

c. rights and obligations

d. neither rights nor obligations

e. rights but no privileges

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Role of the People

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

25. Anarchists value ______.

a. liberty over order and security

b. order over liberty

c. equality over liberty

d. equality over order

e. order over security

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Nonauthoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

26. The absence of government and laws is a characteristic of ______.

a. totalitarianism

b. anarchy

c. authoritarianism

d. theocracy

e. elite democracy

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Nonauthoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

27. The major difference between anarchy and democracy is that in anarchy, ______.

a. there is no government

b. the government is expected to be more responsive to the people

c. the government runs by consensus rather than majority rule

d. the government controls the economy

e. the people are subjects, not citizens

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Nonauthoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

28. Laws against theft are an example of which of the following?

a. The type of authoritarian capitalism common in China and Singapore.

b. Restrictions on collective life typically found in democracies.

c. Public-interest reform aimed at improving the common good.

d. A commonplace restriction found in most authoritarian-based governments.

e. Restrictions typically advocated by anarchists.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Nonauthoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

29. The major difference between the elitist, pluralist, and participatory theories of democracy is related to the ______.

a. importance of the economy

b. role of the mass media

c. role of the people in decision making

d. importance of security as a goal of government

e. importance of economic redistribution as a goal of government

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Nonauthoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

30. A theory of democracy that holds that citizens should actively and directly control all aspects of their lives is ______.

a. elite democracy

b. pluralist democracy

c. anarchy

d. participatory democracy

e. populist democracy

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nonauthoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

31. The role of citizens is limited to choosing among competing leaders in the ______ theory of democracy.

a. pluralist

b. elite

c. participatory

d. economic

e. hierarchical

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nonauthoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

32. The central concept of the pluralist theory of democracy is that ______ is(are) the key to political power.

a. a strong legislature

b. more frequent elections

c. citizen participation in groups

d. a strong executive

e. a tightly controlled economy

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nonauthoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

33. In what way were Athenian and colonial American democracy similar?

a. Both defined approximately 20 percent of the population as citizens.

b. Both witnessed the rise of grassroots Populist movements.

c. Both were based upon the principle of divine right.

d. Neither used religion as a basis for defining citizenship.

e. Both restricted political participation to a very small group of people.

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain the historical origins of American democracy and the ways that the available media controlled the political narrative.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: European Sources of Democratic Thought and Practice

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

34. Which of the following countries is an advanced industrial democracy?

a. North Korea

b. Iran

c. the United States

d. Singapore

e. Cuba

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Nonauthoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

35. Individuals who are obliged to submit to a government authority against which they have no rights are ______.

a. elitists

b. Democrats

c. citizens

d. subjects

e. Republicans

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Role of the People

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

36. What is the key difference between a citizen and a subject?

a. Citizens have rights and obligations, whereas subjects have only rights.

b. Both can exist within an authoritarian system, whereas only citizens exist within democratic systems.

c. Citizens have no obligations, and subjects have only rights.

d. Citizens have rights as well as obligations, but subjects have only obligations.

e. With fewer rights to be protected, subjects have more power than do citizens.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Role of the People

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

37. What is the most basic obligation of a citizen in a democracy?

a. to obey the law

b. to sit on a jury

c. to pay taxes

d. to fight in the nation’s wars

e. to vote

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Role of the People

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

38. ______ implies that humans are rational beings with the ability to unlock nature’s secrets and manipulate the world to their own ends.

a. Classical liberalism

b. Enlightenment philosophy

c. Divine right

d. Popular sovereignty

e. Authoritarian capitalism

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain the historical origins of American democracy and the ways that the available media controlled the political narrative.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: European Sources of Democratic Thought and Practice

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

39. The break with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1500s that helped pave the way for new ideas about the world was ______.

a. the Enlightenment

b. social contract theory

c. the industrial revolution

d. atheism

e. the Protestant Reformation

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain the historical origins of American democracy and the ways that the available media controlled the political narrative.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: European Sources of Democratic Thought and Practice

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

40. The Declaration of Independence is an example of which of the following?

a. a political narrative

b. self-interested politics

c. the common good

d. popular sovereignty

e. populism

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain the historical origins of American democracy and the ways that the available media controlled the political narrative.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Social Contract

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

41. The Enlightenment led to the theory that government is based on ______.

a. an ethical concern for the common good

b. the divine right to govern

c. a social contract

d. tradition and custom

e. a natural order

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain the historical origins of American democracy and the ways that the available media controlled the political narrative.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Social Contract

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

42. People who were born in the twenty-first century and whose lives are almost completely mediated are known as ______.

a. mediated citizens

b. digital natives

c. self-interested

d. public-interested

e. Populists

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain the historical origins of American democracy and the ways that the available media controlled the political narrative.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Evolution of American Citizenship

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American Political life.

43. The doctrine that society is based on an agreement between government and the governed, in which people agree to give up some rights in exchange for the protection of others, is called ______.

a. elite democracy

b. pluralistic democracy

c. social democracy

d. the social contract

e. the state of nature

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain the historical origins of American democracy and the ways that the available media controlled the political narrative.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Social Contract

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

44. Those people whose personal and professional relationships typically involve third-party channels are known as ______.

a. self-interested citizens

b. public-interested citizens

c. digital natives

d. anarchists

e. mediated citizens

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain the historical origins of American democracy and the ways that the available media controlled the political narrative.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Evolution of American Citizenship

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.

45. According to the social contract, what is the source of government’s legitimacy?

a. citizen consent

b. the divine right of kings

c. government’s control of all properties

d. the Catholic Church

e. government’s authority over its subjects

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain the historical origins of American democracy and the ways that the available media controlled the political narrative.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Social Contract

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

46. The concept of republican virtue is what scholars such as Madison call the ______.

a. ability of individuals to follow the Ten Commandments

b. basis of democracy according to Plato

c. virtue associated with a conservative ideology

d. ability of democratic man to put the community’s interests ahead of his own

e. willingness to put the interests of the Republican Party ahead of one’s own interests

Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the enduring tension in the United States between self-interested human nature and public-spirited government and the way that has been shaped in a mediated world.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: As the Founders Saw It

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

47. The two competing views of citizenship that exist today in the United States see humans acting out of ______.

a. public interest versus public involvement

b. self-interest versus common good

c. curiosity versus self-analysis

d. public protection versus public promotion

e. anarchy versus the state of nature

Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the enduring tension in the United States between self-interested human nature and public-spirited government and the way that has been shaped in a mediated world.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Evolution of American Citizenship

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.

48. James Madison thought that average citizens ______.

a. had a great republican virtue

b. should participate in policymaking as much as possible

c. had performed responsibly under the Articles of Confederation and should be given more power

d. were not likely to put the community’s interests above their individual interests

e. should be relegated as subjects under a monarchy

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain the historical origins of American democracy and the ways that the available media controlled the political narrative.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Evolution of American Citizenship

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

49. According to the text, what are the competing views of citizenship that exist today in the United States?

a. One view places faith in the citizen’s ability to act virtuously, whereas the other suggests that citizens should live in a more direct democracy.

b. The competing roles differ on whether people should be viewed as citizens or whether they should be viewed as subjects.

c. One view holds that individual participation in government should be limited because human nature is overly self-interested, whereas the other view places faith in the citizen’s ability to act virtuously.

d. One view holds that individual participation in government should be unlimited because human nature is virtuous, whereas the other view places faith only in a citizen’s role in the economy.

e. One view holds that individual participation should be high in economics, whereas the other view holds that individual participation should be low in government.

Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the enduring tension in the United States between self-interested human nature and public-spirited government and the way that has been shaped in a mediated world.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Evolution of American Citizenship

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.

50. Which of the following occurs when we customize our personal social media in such a way that it only reinforces what we already think?

a. Social media becomes weaponized.

b. Hashtag activism increases.

c. Society becomes further mediated.

d. We find ourselves in an information bubble.

e. Public-interested citizenship tends to increase.

Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the enduring tension in the United States between self-interested human nature and public-spirited government and the way that has been shaped in a mediated world.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Evolution of American Citizenship

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.

51. Viral calls that lead to political activism are known as ______.

a. political narratives

b. information bubbles

c. self-interested citizenship

d. mediated activism

e. hashtag activism

Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the enduring tension in the United States between self-interested human nature and public-spirited government and the way that has been shaped in a mediated world.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Evolution of American Citizenship

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.

52. Unlike citizens of America’s founding generation, modern, mediated citizens have the capacity to do which of the following?

a. think critically about political narratives

b. reject societal norms without repercussion

c. create and disseminate their own narratives

d. identify legitimate political authority

e. demand procedural guarantees from those in power

Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the enduring tension in the United States between self-interested human nature and public-spirited government and the way that has been shaped in a mediated world.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Evolution of American Citizenship

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the role and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.

53. The major goal of the text is to ______.

a. get students to think critically about American politics

b. increase the number of facts students know about American politics

c. help students understand why politics is so corrupt in the United States

d. help students earn credits toward their college degree

e. increase skepticism about politics

Learning Objective: 1.5: Apply the five steps of critical thinking to this book’s themes of power and citizenship in American politics.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Thinking Critically About American Politics

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

54. Analysis is important for students of politics because ______.

a. it provides scientific measurement

b. it allows us to develop exact formulas

c. it helps us understand how something works

d. it helps us understand when things happen

e. it helps us identify political corruption

Learning Objective: 1.5: Apply the five steps of critical thinking to this book’s themes of power and citizenship in American politics.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

55. Which of the following is an example of a benefit enjoyed by today’s mediated citizenry?

a. They have unprecedented access to power.

b. Technology has reduced self-interested politics.

c. Information bubbles are a thing of the past.

d. Political narratives are now unfiltered.

e. Technology has made republican virtue commonplace.

Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the enduring tension in the United States between self-interested human nature and public-spirited government and the way that has been shaped in a mediated world.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Evolution of American Citizenship

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.

56. In the Middle Ages, some monarchs claimed to take their authority from God, a principle called ______.

a. survival of the fittest

b. divine right of kings

c. cuius regio, eius religio

d. sovereignty

e. social contract

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain the historical origins of American democracy and the ways that the available media controlled the political narrative.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: European Sources of Democratic Thought and Practice

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

57. Which of the following is a way that the American political system can be assessed for how well it works?

a. examining the role played by citizens in politics

b. determining what type(s) of political participation are discouraged

c. exploring how political participation has changed over time

d. determining in what type of actions citizens engage

e. determining what type(s) of political participation are encouraged

Learning Objective: 1.5: Apply the five steps of critical thinking to this book’s themes of power and citizenship in American politics.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Evaluation

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

58. Which of the following was primarily responsible for mediating information during the colonial era?

a. newspapers

b. political elites

c. Populists

d. pastors

e. ordinary citizens

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain the historical origins of American democracy and the ways that the available media controlled the political narrative.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: As the Founders Saw It

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

59. Which of the following is one of the things people must have in order to possess a reasonable understanding of a political situation?

a. knowing whether or not it should be resolved

b. knowledge of what issues led to the situation

c. knowing who is involved

d. knowing which side is right

e. knowing whether or not it can be resolved

Learning Objective: 1.5: Apply the five steps of critical thinking to this book’s themes of power and citizenship in American politics.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

60. When combined, contention, assumptions, evidence, conclusion, and consequences form the basis for which of the following?

a. populism

b. popular sovereignty

c. self-interested citizenship

d. political argument

e. political narrative

Learning Objective: 1.5: Apply the five steps of critical thinking to this book’s themes of power and citizenship in American politics.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

True/False

1. Thomas Hobbes defined politics as “who gets what, when and how.”

Learning Objective: 1.1: Describe the role that politics plays in determining how power and resources, including control of information, are distributed in a society.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Politics?

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

2. Rules can be thought of as “where” politics happen.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Describe the role that politics plays in determining how power and resources, including control of information, are distributed in a society.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Rules and Institutions

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

3. The economy of the United States is an example of a regulated capitalist system.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Capitalism

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

4. Social democracy is identical to socialism.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Democracy

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

5. Authoritarian capitalism, like that practiced in Singapore and China, requires the combination of a free-market economy with an open political system.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Authoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

6. Some scholars argue that political ideas created by Native Americans influenced the formation of the American system of democratic government.

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain the historical origins of American democracy and the ways that the available media controlled the political narrative.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: As the Founders Saw It

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

7. Philosophical anarchists would prefer a system in which there was no government.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nonauthoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

8. For mediated citizens access to information and interaction are facilitated through multiple channels.

Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the enduring tension in the United States between self-interested human nature and public-spirited government and the way that has been shaped in a mediated world.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Evolution of American Citizenship

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.

9. Given the colonial history of the United States, the Founders’ decisions about the shape of the American government were natural and inevitable.

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain the historical origins of American democracy and the ways that the available media controlled the political narrative.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Origins of Democracy in America

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

10. Madison wrote that republican governments could not function in large states.

Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the enduring tension in the United States between self-interested human nature and public-spirited government and the way that has been shaped in a mediated world.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: As the Founders Saw It

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

Short Answer

1. What tends to be the consequence when there is disagreement over the legitimate form of government in society?

Learning Objective: 1.1: Describe the role that politics plays in determining how power and resources, including control of information, are distributed in a society.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Politics and Government

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

2. Briefly explain the political benefits enjoyed by today’s mediated citizens.

Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the enduring tension in the United States between self-interested human nature and public-spirited government and the way that has been shaped in a mediated world.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Evolution of American Citizenship

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.

3. Briefly explain the rights and responsibilities of citizens in democratic systems.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Role of the People

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

4. Identify the three reasons for which subjects living under authoritarian systems accept the political narratives offered by their governments without question.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Authoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

5. Briefly explain the two defining characteristics of an authoritarian capitalist state.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Authoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

6. Briefly explain the way it which Populist movements can pave the way for the rise of authoritarian power.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Nonauthoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

7. Identify the three primary consequences that followed the development of the printing press in 1439.

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain the historical origins of American democracy and the ways that the available media controlled the political narrative.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: European Sources of Democratic Thought and Practice

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

8. Briefly explain the relationship between politics and economics.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Describe the role that politics plays in determining how power and resources, including control of information, are distributed in a society.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Politics and Economics

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

9. Briefly explain the rights and responsibilities of subjects in authoritarian systems.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Role of the People

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

10. Briefly explain the criteria that must be met in order for the social contract to work.

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain the historical origins of American democracy and the ways that the available media controlled the political narrative.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Social Contract

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

Essay

1. Define the term social democracy. Why is this referred to in Chapter 1 as a “hybrid” system?

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Politics and Economics

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

2. What are the key differences between authoritarian systems and nonauthoritarian political systems? What are the different forms of government within each of these systems? Discuss the main distinction concerning the role of people in each type of government.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Political Systems and the Concept of Citizenship

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

3. Define and discuss the significance of the term popular sovereignty.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Nonauthoritarian Systems

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

4. Explain how Athenian democracy, the Enlightenment, and Locke’s notion of the social contract served as origins of American democracy. What did the founders learn about participatory democracy from democracy in Athens, 500–300 bce? How did the Protestant Reformation and the Enlightenment change how people viewed government legitimacy in a way that discredited of the divine right of kings? Finally, with whom does the social contract place the source of government legitimacy? Together, how did these eras as a whole ultimately affect the type of government chosen by the founders?

Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain the historical origins of American democracy and the ways that the available media controlled the political narrative.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: European Sources of Democratic Thought and Practice | The Social Contact | As the Founders Saw It

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

5. What is a republic, and what, according to Madison, is its benefit over a “pure democracy,” where all citizens have direct power to control government?

Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the enduring tension in the United States between self-interested human nature and public-spirited government and the way that has been shaped in a mediated world.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: As the Founders Saw It

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

6. Discuss the competing views of citizenship in the United States that are covered in the text. Make sure to explain how Madison’s view of human nature differs greatly from the views of those who argue that citizens have a strong republican virtue. What does each argument say the role of citizens in American politics should be? What views of citizenship are not discussed in the text that students think should be discussed? Which point of view do you think is the most accurate?

Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the enduring tension in the United States between self-interested human nature and public-spirited government and the way that has been shaped in a mediated world.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: As the Founders Saw It | The Evolution of American Citizenship | Answer Location: The Evolution of American Citizenship

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

7. Define the term mediated and explain how the mediation of information has evolved from the pre-Enlightenment era through the present day.

Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the enduring tension in the United States between self-interested human nature and public-spirited government and the way that has been shaped in a mediated world.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Power, Narratives, and Media | European Sources of Democratic Thought and Practice | The Evolution of American Citizenship

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.

8. Define the term rules and explain their role in the political process.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Describe the role that politics plays in determining how power and resources, including control of information, are distributed in a society.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Rules and Institutions

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

9. What are the key differences between a capitalist and a socialist economy?

Learning Objective: 1.2: Compare how power is distributed between citizens and government in different economic and political systems.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Politics and Economics

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.

10. According to the authors of the text, what is politics?

Learning Objective: 1.1: Describe the role that politics plays in determining how power and resources, including control of information, are distributed in a society.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Is Politics?

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Articulate the foundations of American government, including its history, critical concepts, and important documents and achievements.