Perspectives On Research Chapter 1 Verified Test Bank - Updated Test Bank | Research Methods in the Social and Health Sciences 1e by Palys by Ted Palys. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 1: Perspectives on Research
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. ______ implies that “there is a reality out there that exists independent of the researcher that can be understood and awaits our discovery.”
A. Phenomenologism
B. Naïve realism
C. Evolutionary epistemology
D. Social facts
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: A Realist Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. The economic system under which you were born is considered to be ______ by researchers.
A. a social reality
B. rate data
C. a social fact
D. a life fact
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Social Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Quantitative researchers do not want to get too close to participants because they do not want to ______.
A. build rapport
B. commit ethical violations
C. objectify participants
D. overidentify with participants
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Don’t Get Too Close
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of quantitative research?
A. positivist epistemology
B. realist perspective
C. verstehen
D. deductive approach
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Quantitative Traditions
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. ______ research is more likely to occur in qualitative research, while ______ research is more likely to occur in quantitative research.
A. Human-centered; participant-centered
B. Participant-centered; researcher-centered
C. Researcher-centered; participant-centered
D. Human-centered; data-centered
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Quantitative Traditions | Qualitative Traditions
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. The ______ approach involves making predictions and assessing success while the ______ approach invovles building theory.
A. deductive; inductive
B. inductive; deductive
C. quantitative; qualitative
D. qualitative; quantitative
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: A Deductive Approach | An Inductive Approach
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. A researcher wants to engage in phenomenologism in her research approach. Which of the following items is inconsistent with being a phenomenologist?
A. human-centered
B. verstehen
C. rapport
D. objective
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Phenomenologism
Difficulty Level: Hard
8. The high level of concern about violent crime in the United States despite the steadily dropping rates illustrates that humans’ perceived reality should be taken into account. This relates to what philosophical view?
A. positivism
B. phenomenologism
C. realism
D. pragmatism
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Phenomenologism
Difficulty Level: Hard
9. ______ is the intimate and empathic understanding of human action in terms of its interpetive meaning to the participant.
A. Rapport
B. Verstehen
C. Participant-centered research
D. Understanding
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Understanding Equals Verstehen
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Rapport is more important in ______ research than ______.
A. quantitative; qualitative
B. quantitative; direct
C. qualitative; quantitative
D. in-person; virtual
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Validity Comes From Closeness
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Which perspective views human perception as essential to understanding human behavior due to knowledge and truth being created by the mind?
A. constructionism
B. realism
C. pragmatism
D. naive realism
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Constructionism
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. ______ researchers are more likely to believe that behavior only has meaning in context.
A. Deductive
B. Quantitative
C. Qualitative
D. Inductive
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Bridging Approaches
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. ______ researchers are more likely to believe that behavior must be extracted from its context to be studied.
A. Deductive
B. Quantitative
C. Qualitative
D. Inductive
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Bridging Approaches
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to distinguish between quantitative and qualitative research?
A. implications for methods
B. role of researcher
C. phenomenological concerns
D. epistemological priorities
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Bridging Approaches
Difficulty Level: Hard
15. When choosing research focus quantitative researchers prefer ______, whereas qualitative researchers prefer ______.
A. research and theory; colloborative approaches
B. philosophical considerations; epistemological prioities
C. colloborative approaches; working independently
D. working independently; colloborative approaches
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Bridging Approaches
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. Which of the following would be considered field research?
A. interviewing a participant about their spending habits
B. observing shoppers at the mall
C. doing a taste test in the lab
D. doing an online questionnaire
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Role of Researchers
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. A qualitative researcher would define success as ______.
A. understanding behavior in context in terms meaningful to the actor
B. being human-centered
C. being researcher-centered
D. the ability to predict what will happen in any given situation
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Bridging Approaches
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. Which of the following is NOT one of the four modes of triangulation articulated by Denzin (1970)?
A. theoretical triangulation
B. data analysis triangulation
C. research triangulation
D. investigator triangulation
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Implications for Methods
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of qualitative research?
A. numbers create distance
B. human-centered approach
C. social facts
D. phenomenologism
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Qualitative Traditions
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. Potential negative outcomes related to getting close to participants include all of the following EXCEPT ______.
A. building rapport
B. loss of objectivity
C. inappropriate levels of closeness
D. overidentify with participants
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Validity Comes From Closeness
Difficulty Level: Medium
21. The philosophical position that appreciates the realist–constructionist dichotomy is ______.
A. researcher-centered
B. critical realism
C. pragmatism
D. realism
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Philosophical Stance
Difficulty Level: Medium
22. Mixed-methods approaches reflect which philosophical tradition?
B. phenomenologism
C. realism
D. pragmatism
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Philosophical Stance
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. Positivism is to phenomenologism as ______ is to ______.
A. realism; constructionism
B. constructionism; verstehen
C. quantitative; qualitative
D. realism; pragmatism
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Philosophical Stance
Difficulty Level: Hard
24. Some researchers utilize both quantitative and qualitative methods, what is the term used to decribe the intergration of both methods?
A. dual methods
B. mixed Methods
C. hypothetico-deductive method
D. research
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Epistemological Priorities
Difficulty Level: Easy
True/False
1. According to Occam’s Razor, the best way to describe a theory is to express the idea as simply as possible.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Just Another Organism
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. In quantitative research, researchers should take on the perspective of those they study and not be detached and analytic.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Don’t Get Too Close
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. According to Darwin, human behavior can be explained using the same principles that govern any other organism.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Just Another Organism
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Field research is most likely to occur in qualitative research
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: A Preference for Field Research
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. The epistemological priorities are the same for quantitative and qualitative approaches.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Bridging Approaches
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Social facts play a role in positivist inquiry
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Social Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Rate data are outside of the influence of the researcher.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Social Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Quantitative and qualitative research cannot exist collaboratively.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Bridging Approaches
Difficulty Level: Easy
Short Answer
1. Compare and contrast the role of the researcher in qualitative and quantitative traditions.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Quantitative Traditions | Qualitative Traditions
Difficulty Level: Hard
2. Identify the key differences between qualitative and quantitative research.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Bridging Approaches
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. Differentiate between inductive and deductive researchers and compare the benefits and limitations with each approach. Also describe when a researcher may choose one approach over the other and discuss the possibility of using both inductive and deductive approaches.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: A Deductive Approach | An Inductive Approach
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. Summarize the idea of bridging approaches and give an example of an appropriate time to utilize both quantitative and qualitative research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Bridging Approaches
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Describe social facts and discuss what researchers learn from this information.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Social Facts
Difficulty Level: Easy
Essay
1. Consider the researcher and participant relationships in both quantitative and qualitative research. Explain the benefits and limitations of each approach and highlight any barriers regarding achieving the desired relationship between the researcher and participants. Apply this explanation and choose a circumstance in which one approach should be chosen over the other.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Quantitative Traditions | Qualitative Traditions
Difficulty Level: Hard
2. Identify the role of academic freedom in higher education and infer how it influences the research experiences for scholars at institutions of higher learning. Analyze the current climate and perception of academic freedom and your perception of the potential benefits or issues with exercising academic freedom.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Key Concepts
Difficulty Level: Hard
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Updated Test Bank | Research Methods in the Social and Health Sciences 1e by Palys
By Ted Palys