One-Way Analysis Of Variance (Anova) Exam Prep Chapter.11 - Fundamental Statistics Social Sciences 2e Complete Test Bank by Howard T. Tokunaga. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 11: One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. The concept and calculation of ‘variance’ is primarily concerned with ______.
a. squared deviations from a mean
b. summing scores
c. hypothesis testing
d. normal distributions
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Characteristics of the F-Ratio Distribution
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. The concept and calculation of ‘variance’ is primarily concerned with ______.
a. differences
b. central tendency
c. samples and populations
d. theoretical distributions
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Characteristics of the F-Ratio Distribution
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. A researcher hypothesizes that freshmen spend more time studying than sophomores, who spend more time studying than juniors, and so on. In conducting a one-way ANOVA with this data, how can the null hypothesis (H0) be stated?
a. H0: all μs are different
b. H0: not all μs are different
c. H0: all μs are equal
d. H0: not all μs are equal
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses (H0 and H1)
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. A researcher hypothesizes that drug experimentation is higher with seniors than juniors, higher in juniors than sophomores, and higher in sophomores than in first year high school students. In conducting a one-way ANOVA with this data, how can the null hypothesis (H0) be stated?
a. H0: all μs are equal
b. H0: all μs are different
c. H0: not all μs are different
d. H0: not all μs are equal
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses (H0 and H1)
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. A researcher hypothesizes that people with ‘high’ incomes will be more opposed to changes in the health care system than people with ‘average’ incomes, who in turn will be more opposed than people with ‘low’ incomes. In conducting a one-way ANOVA with this data, how could the null hypothesis (H0) be stated?
a. H0: High > Average > Low
b. H0: not all μs are equal
c. H0: all μs are equal
d. H0: High ≠ Average ≠ Low
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses (H0 and H1)
Difficulty Level: Hard
6. A researcher hypothesizes that voters who identify themselves as being part of the ‘Tea Party’ are more likely to believe people have the right to wear guns in public places than will voters who consider themselves to be either ‘Conservative’ or ‘Moderate’ (whose beliefs do not differ from each other). In conducting a one-way ANOVA with this data, how could the null hypothesis (H0) be stated?
a. H0: Tea Party > Conservative = Moderate
b. H0: not all μs are equal
c. H0: all μs are equal
d. H0: Tea Party ≠ Conservative = Moderate
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses (H0 and H1)
Difficulty Level: Hard
7. A researcher hypothesizes that people living in the Midwest are more in favor of tougher immigration laws than people who live on either the East or West Coast. In conducting a one-way ANOVA with this data, how can the null hypothesis (H0) be stated?
a. H0: Midwest < East Coast = West Coast
b. H0: μMidwest = μEast Coast = μWest Coast
c. H0: all μs are not equal
d. H0: not all μs are equal
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses (H0 and H1)
Difficulty Level: Hard
8. A research study hypothesized that people who drive hybrid cars are less likely to smoke than people who drive minivans or SUVs (who do not differ from each other). In conducting a one-way ANOVA with this data, how could the null hypothesis (H0) be stated?
a. H0: Hybrid < Minivan = SUV
b. H0: μHybrid = μMinivan = μSUV
c. H0: all μs are not equal
d. H0: Hybrid ≠ Minivan = SUV
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses (H0 and H1)
Difficulty Level: Hard
9. A researcher hypothesizes that freshmen spend more time studying than sophomores, who spend more time studying than juniors, who spend more time studying than seniors. In conducting a one-way ANOVA with this data, how could the null hypothesis (H0) be stated?
a. H0: Freshman > Sophomore > Junior > Senior
b. H0: μFreshman = μSophomore = μJunior = μSenior
c. H0: all μs are not equal
d. H0: μFreshman ≠ μSophomore ≠ μJunior ≠ μSenior
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses (H0 and H1)
Difficulty Level: Hard
10. A researcher hypothesizes Republicans are more opposed to abortion than Moderates, who in turn are more opposed than Democrats. In conducting a one-way ANOVA with these three groups, how should the alternative hypothesis (H1) be stated?
a. H1: Republicans > Moderates > Democrats
b. H1: Republicans ≠ Moderates ≠ Democrats
c. H1: all μs are not equal
d. H1: not all μs are equal
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses (H0 and H1)
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. A researcher hypothesizes that people living in the Midwest are more opposed to same-sex marriage than people living on either the West or East Coast (who do not differ from each other). In conducting a one-way ANOVA with this data, how should the alternative hypothesis (H1) be stated?
a. H1: μMidwest < μWest = μEast
b. H1: all μs are equal
c. H1: μMidwest ≠ μWest ≠ μEast
d. H1: not all μs are equal
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses (H0 and H1)
Difficulty Level: Hard
12. A researcher hypothesizes people who don’t smoke will be more in favor of laws banning smoking in public places than either people who smoke cigarettes or people who smoke cigars (the two groups of smokers do not differ in their beliefs). In conducting a one-way ANOVA with these three groups, how should the alternative hypothesis (H1) be stated?
a. H1: not all μs are equal
b. H1: Nonsmoker ≠ Cigarettes ≠ Cigars
c. H1: Nonsmoker > Cigarettes = Cigars
d. H1: all μs are unequal
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses (H0 and H1)
Difficulty Level: Hard
13. A researcher hypothesizes that people who currently own a Toyota automobile are less likely to believe Toyotas are dangerous than people who drive American made cars, who are in turn less likely to believe Toyotas are dangerous than people who do not drive. In conducting a one-way ANOVA with this data, how should the alternative hypothesis (H1) be stated?
a. H1: not all μs are equal
b. H1: all μs are not equal
c. H1: H1: Toyota < American < Nondriver
d. H1: Toyota ≠ American ≠ Nondriver
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses (H0 and H1)
Difficulty Level: Hard
14. A researcher hypothesizes that drug experimentation is higher with seniors than juniors, higher in juniors than sophomores, and higher in sophomores than in first year high school students. In conducting a one-way ANOVA with this data, how can the alternative hypothesis (H1) be stated?
a. H0: all μs are equal
b. H0: all μs are different
c. H0: not all μs are different
d. H0: not all μs are equal
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses (H0 and H1)
Difficulty Level: Hard
15. A researcher hypothesizes that Democrats and Independents are equally in favor of gun control, and both are more in favor of gun control than Republicans. In conducting a one-way ANOVA with these three groups, how should the alternative hypothesis (H1) be stated?
a. H1: Democrats = Independents > Republicans
b. H1: Republicans < Democrats = Independents
c. H1: Democrats ≠ Independents ≠ Republicans
d. None of these
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses (H0 and H1)
Difficulty Level: Hard
16. A researcher hypothesizes Democrats are more in favor of gun control than Moderates, who in turn are more favor of gun control than Republicans. In conducting a one-way ANOVA with these three groups, how should the alternative hypothesis (H1) be stated?
a. H1: Democrats > Moderates > Republicans
b. H1: Democrats ≠ Moderates ≠ Republicans
c. H1: all μs are not equal
d. None of these
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses (H0 and H1)
Difficulty Level: Hard
17. A researcher hypothesizes people who smoke cigars are more likely to oppose laws banning smoking in public places than people who smoke cigarettes, who in turn are more opposed to these laws than people who do not smoke at all. In conducting a one-way ANOVA with these three groups, how should the alternative hypothesis (H1) be stated?
a. H1: all μs are not equal
b. H1: Cigars ≠ Cigarettes ≠ Nonsmoker
c. H1: Cigars > Cigarettes > Nonsmoker
d. None of these
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses (H0 and H1)
Difficulty Level: Hard
18. ______ variability may also be thought of as ______.
a. Between-group; ‘error’
b. Within-group; ‘effect’
c. Between-group; ‘effect’
d. Unexplained; ‘effect’
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Calculate Between-Group Variance (MSBG)
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. ______ variability may also be thought of as ______.
a. Between-group; ‘error’
b. Within-group; ‘error’
c. Between-group; ‘significant’
d. Within-group; ‘effect’
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Create an ANOVA Summary Table.
Difficulty Level: Easy
20. The formula for the ______ of the t-test and F-ratio concerns ______ and involves group ______.
a. numerator; differences between groups; means
b. denominator; differences between groups; standard deviations
c. numerator; differences within groups; standard deviations
d. denominator; differences within groups; means
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Relating Between-Group and Within-Group Variability
Difficulty Level: Medium
21. The ______ of the formula for the F-ratio concerns ______ and involves group ______.
a. denominator; differences within groups; means
b. numerator; differences within groups; standard deviations
c. denominator; differences between groups; standard deviations
d. numerator; differences between groups; means
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Calculate a Statistic: F-Ratio for the One-Way ANOVA
Difficulty Level: Medium
22. The ______ of the F-ratio concerns ______ and may also be thought of as ______.
a. denominator; differences between groups; ‘error’
b. numerator; differences between groups; ‘effect’
c. denominator; differences within groups; ‘effect’
d. numerator; differences within groups; ‘error’
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Calculate a Statistic: F-Ratio for the One-Way ANOVA
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. The ______ of the t-test and F-ratio involves ______, which may also be defined as ______ variability.
a. numerator; differences among group means; within-group
b. denominator ; differences among group means; between-group
c. numerator; group standard deviations; between-group
d. denominator; group standard deviations; within-group
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Calculate a Statistic: F-Ratio for the One-Way ANOVA
Difficulty Level: Medium
24. The ______ of the F-ratio (______ variability) may also be thought of as ______.
a. denominator; within-group; ‘error’
b. numerator; within-group; ‘effect’
c. denominator; between-group; ‘effect’
d. numerator; between-group; ‘error’
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Calculate a Statistic: F-Ratio for the One-Way ANOVA
Difficulty Level: Medium
25. The F-ratio is calculated by ______.
a. dividing between-group variance by within-group variance
b. subtracting within-group variance from between-group variance
c. multiplying between-group variance and within-group variance
d. dividing between-group variance by total variance
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Calculate the F-Ratio (F)
Difficulty Level: Medium
26. The F-ratio is calculated by ______ different types of variability.
a. adding
b. subtracting
c. multiplying
d. dividing
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Calculate the F-Ratio (F)
Difficulty Level: Medium
27. Arnold compares the means of three groups and calculates a value of –2.01 for the F-ratio. This implies ______.
a. the mean of the first group is the highest of the three groups
b. the mean of the third group is the highest of the three groups
c. the differences between the means are statistically significant
d. he has made an error in his calculations
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Calculate Within-Group Variance (MSWG)
Difficulty Level: Medium
28. A researcher collects data from five groups and eventually calculates a value of 16.95 for MSBG. What is the value for SSBG?
a. 4
b. 16.95
c. 67.80
d. 84.75
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Calculate Between-Group Variance (MSBG)
Difficulty Level: Hard
29. A researcher collects data from three groups and eventually calculates a value of 9.78 for MSBG. What is the value for SSBG?
a. 4.89
b. 19.56
c. 29.34
d. 39.12
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Calculate Between-Group Variance (MSBG)
Difficulty Level: Hard
30. A researcher collects data from four groups (each of whom consists of 5 respondents). Eventually the researcher calculates a value of 4.56 MSBG. What is the value for SSBG?
a. 13.68
b. 18.24
c. 22.80
d. 86.64
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Calculate Between-Group Variance (MSBG)
Difficulty Level: Hard
31. A researcher collects data from six groups and eventually calculates a value of 6.75 for MSBG. What is the value for SSBG?
a. 5
b. 6.75
c. 33.75
d. Cannot be calculated with information provided
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Calculate Between-Group Variance (MSBG)
Difficulty Level: Hard
32. A researcher collects data from four groups and eventually calculates a value of 2.79 for MSBG. What is the value for SSBG?
a. 2.79
b. 8.37
c. 11.16
d. Cannot be calculated with information provided
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Calculate Between-Group Variance (MSBG)
Difficulty Level: Hard
33. The shape of the theoretical distribution of F-ratios is ______.
a. symmetrical
b. skewed
c. normal
d. flat
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Characteristics of the F-Ratio Distribution
Difficulty Level: Easy
34. Instead of being a bell-curve shape, the F-ratio distribution is ______.
a. positively skewed
b. negatively skewed
c. normally distributed
d. flat
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Characteristics of the F-Ratio Distribution
Difficulty Level: Easy
35. The theoretical distribution of F-ratios is ______.
a. bimodal
b. normal
c. asymmetric
d. unknown
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Characteristics of the F-Ratio Distribution
Difficulty Level: Medium
36. The theoretical distribution of F-ratios is ______ because ______.
a. bell-curve shaped; there are an infinite number of F-ratios
b. skewed; F-ratios are based on squared deviations
c. normal; F-ratios can be either positive or negative
d. asymmetrical; you can only support rather than prove research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Characteristics of the F-Ratio Distribution
Difficulty Level: Medium
37. The theoretical distribution of F-ratios is ______ because ______.
Figure A
Figure B
a. bell-curve shaped; there are an infinite number of F-ratios
b. skewed; F-ratios are based on variances
c. normal; F-ratios can be either positive or negative
d. asymmetrical; research hypotheses are directional
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Characteristics of the F-Ratio Distribution
Difficulty Level: Medium
38. The theoretical distribution of ______ is represented by ______ because ______.
Figure A
Figure B
a. F-ratios; Figure A; they can only be positive
b. t-tests; Figure A; they can be both positive or negative
c. F-ratios; Figure B; they can be both positive or negative
d. t-tests; Figure B; they can only be positive
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Characteristics of the F-Ratio Distribution
Difficulty Level: Medium
39. The degrees of freedom ______ indicates ______.
a. dfBG; the number of levels of the independent variable
b. dfWG; between-group variability
c. dfBG; the size of the sample
d. dfWG; the directionality of the alternative hypothesis
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Calculate the Degrees of Freedom (df)
Difficulty Level: Medium
40. The degrees of freedom ______ indicates ______.
a. dfBG; the number of dependent variable
b. dfWG; number of scores in each group
c. dfBG; the size of the sample
d. dfWG; the directionality of the alternative hypothesis
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Calculate the Degrees of Freedom (df)
Difficulty Level: Medium
41. The degrees of freedom ______ provides an indication of ______.
a. dfBG; the size of the sample
b. dfBG; the number of groups being compared
c. dfWG; the independent variable
d. dfWG; whether the F-ratio will be large or small
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Calculate the Degrees of Freedom (df)
Difficulty Level: Medium
42. The degrees of freedom ______ indicates ______.
a. dfBG; the size of the sample
b. dfWG; the number of groups being compared
c. dfBG; within-group variability
d. dfWG; the size of the sample
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Calculate the Degrees of Freedom (df)
Difficulty Level: Medium
43. Barney conducts a one-way ANOVA comparing the means of six groups, each of which consists of 4 scores (N = 4). In this situation, what is dfBG?
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 18
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Calculate the Degrees of Freedom (df)
Difficulty Level: Hard
44. Betty conducts a one-way ANOVA comparing five groups, each of which consists of 10 participants (N = 10). In this situation, what is dfWG?
a. 4
b. 5
c. 45
d. 50
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Calculate the Degrees of Freedom (df)
Difficulty Level: Hard
45. Betty conducts a one-way ANOVA comparing four groups, each of which consists of 10 participants (N = 10). In this situation, what is dfWG?
a. 3
b. 9
c. 36
d. 40
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Calculate the Degrees of Freedom (df)
Difficulty Level: Hard
46. A study reports the following statistic: F(2,33) = 1.16. What is N (the number of participants in each group)?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 12
d. 33
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Calculate the Degrees of Freedom (df)
Difficulty Level: Hard
47. A study reports the F-ratio F(3,20) = 1.16. This means that the study consisted of ______ groups with ______ participants in each group.
a. 3; 20
b. 3; 8
c. 4; 6
d. 4; 20
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Calculate the Degrees of Freedom (df)
Difficulty Level: Hard
48. A study reports the F-ratio F(4,15) = 1.16. This means that the study consisted of ______ groups with ______ participants in each group.
a. 4; 4
b. 4; 15
c. 5; 4
d. 5; 15
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Calculate the Degrees of Freedom (df)
Difficulty Level: Hard
49. A study reports the F-ratio F(2,15) = 2.32. The TOTAL sample size (combining the different groups) was ______.
a. 17
b. 18
c. 30
d. cannot be calculated with information provided
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Calculate the Degrees of Freedom (df)
Difficulty Level: Hard
50. A study reports the F-ratio F(3,24) = 3.91. The TOTAL sample size (combining the different groups) is ______.
a. 24
b. 25
c. 27
d. 28
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Calculate the Degrees of Freedom (df)
Difficulty Level: Hard
51. A one-way ANOVA is conducted comparing 4 groups, each with 5 participants. For this sample the dfBG _is ______ and the dfWG is ______ with a total sample size of ______.
a. 3; 5; 20
b. 4; 5; 20
c. 3; 16; 20
d. 4; 20; 20
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Calculate the Degrees of Freedom (df)
Difficulty Level: Hard
52. A one-way ANOVA is conducted comparing 6 groups, each with 10 participants. For this sample the dfBG _is ______ and the dfWG is ______ with a total sample size of ______.
a. 6; 10; 60
b. 5; 59; 60
c. 6; 9; 60
d. 5; 54; 60
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Calculate the Degrees of Freedom (df)
Difficulty Level: Hard
53. Boop conducts a one-way ANOVA comparing four groups, each of which consists of 6 participants (N = 6). In evaluating the F-ratio for this analysis, what is the critical value for α = .05?
a. 2.78
b. 2.87
c. 3.01
d. 3.10
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Set Alpha (α), Identify the Critical Value, and State a Decision Rule
Difficulty Level: Hard
54. Fred conducts a one-way ANOVA comparing six groups, each of which consists of 5 participants (N = 5). In evaluating the F-ratio for this analysis, what is the critical value for α = .05?
a. 2.53
b. 2.62
c. 4.95
d. 5.05
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Set Alpha (α), Identify the Critical Value, and State a Decision Rule
Difficulty Level: Hard
55. Fred conducts a one-way ANOVA comparing five groups, each of which consists of 5 participants (N = 5). In evaluating the F-ratio for this analysis, what is the critical value for α = .05?
a. 2.69
b. 2.78
c. 2.87
d. 5.05
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Set Alpha (α), Identify the Critical Value, and State a Decision Rule
Difficulty Level: Hard
56. Fred conducts a one-way ANOVA comparing three groups, each of which consists of 18 participants (N = 18). In evaluating the F-ratio for this analysis, what is the critical value for α = .05?
a. 2.76
b. 2.84
c. 3.23
d. 3.59
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Set Alpha (α), Identify the Critical Value, and State a Decision Rule
Difficulty Level: Hard
57. Sarah conducts a one-way ANOVA comparing four groups, each of which consists of 6 participants (N = 6). In evaluating the F-ratio for this analysis, what is the critical value for α = .05?
a. 2.78
b. 3.01
c. 3.05
d. 3.10
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Set Alpha (α), Identify the Critical Value, and State a Decision Rule
Difficulty Level: Hard
58. Michelle conducts a one-way ANOVA comparing six groups, each of which consists of 4 participants (N = 4). In evaluating the F-ratio for this analysis, what is the critical value for α= .05?
a. 2.77
b. 2.66
c. 2.51
d. Cannot be calculated with information provided
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Set Alpha (α), Identify the Critical Value, and State a Decision Rule
Difficulty Level: Hard
59. A researcher conducts a one-way ANOVA comparing four groups, each of which consists of 20 participants (N = 20). In evaluating the F-ratio for this analysis, what is the critical value for α = .05?
a. 2.76
b. 2.70
c. 2.53
d. 2.46
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Set Alpha (α), Identify the Critical Value, and State a Decision Rule
Difficulty Level: Hard
60. I calculate an F-ratio of 3.11. If this F ratio is ______ the critical value, I will ______ the null hypothesis because the probability of this F-ratio is ______ .05.
a. greater than; not reject; less than
b. greater than; not reject; greater than
c. greater than; reject; greater than
d. less than; not reject; greater than
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Make a Decision Whether to Reject the Null Hypothesis
Difficulty Level: Hard
61. If an F ratio is ______ the critical value, I will ______ the null hypothesis because ______.
a. greater than; not reject; p < .05
b. greater than; reject; p > .05
c. less than; not reject; p > .05
d. less than; reject; p > .05
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Make a Decision Whether to Reject the Null Hypothesis
Difficulty Level: Hard
62. If my value of the F ratio falls between the critical values for α = .05 and α = .01, I will ______ the null hypothesis and conclude ______.
a. not reject; p < .05
b. not reject; p < .01
c. reject; p > .01
d. reject; p < .05
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Determine the Level of Significance
Difficulty Level: Medium
63. Imagine the value of an F-ratio is less than the critical value for = .05 and less than the critical value for α = .01. Which is the most appropriate way to report the level of significance?
a. p < .01
b. p > .01
c. p < .05
d. p > .05
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Determine the Level of Significance
Difficulty Level: Medium
64. A study compares the attitudes of 6 Democrats, 6 Republicans, and 6 Independents and obtains a value of 3.80 for the F-ratio. Which of the following is the correct way to present this analysis?
a. F(2,15) = 3.80, p < .05
b. F(2,15) = 3.80, p > .05
c. F(2,18) = 3.80, p < .05
d. F(3,18) = 3.80, p < .05
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Draw a Conclusion From the Analysis
Difficulty Level: Medium
65. A study compares the attitudes of 9 Seniors, 9 Juniors, 9 Sophomores, and 9 First-year students and obtains a value of 2.98 for the F-ratio. Which of the following is the correct way to present this analysis?
a. F(4,36) = 2.98, p < .05
b. F(4,36) = 2.98, p > .05
c. F(3,32) = 2.98, p < .05
d. F(3,35) = 2.98, p < .05
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Draw a Conclusion From the Analysis
Difficulty Level: Medium
66. If an F ratio is ______ the critical value, I will ______ the null hypothesis and conclude that ______.
a. greater than; not reject; the groups are not all equal to each other
b. greater than; reject; all of the groups are different from each other
c. less than; not reject; the groups do not differ significantly from each other
d. less than; reject; the groups are all equal to each other
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Draw a Conclusion From the Analysis
Difficulty Level: Hard
67. If an F ratio is ______ the critical value, I will ______ the null hypothesis and conclude that ______.
a. less than; not reject; the groups are not all equal to each other
b. greater than; reject; the groups are not all equal to each other
c. less than; reject; the groups do not differ significantly from each other
d. greater than; reject; all of the groups are different from each other
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Draw a Conclusion From the Analysis
Difficulty Level: Hard
68. Barry calculates an F-ratio for a one-way ANOVA comparing the incomes of graduates of three different SJSU majors and rejects the null hypothesis. Which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion he could draw?
a. The income levels for the three majors are all different from each other.
b. The income levels for the three majors do not differ from each other.
c. Income levels vary as a function of major.
d. The analysis supports the research hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Draw a Conclusion From the Analysis
Difficulty Level: Hard
69. George calculates the F-ratio for a one-way ANOVA comparing the means of three groups: Group A (M = 4.12), Group B (M = 7.37) and Group C (M = 8.92). If he makes the decision to reject the null hypothesis, what is the most specific and appropriate conclusion he can make?
a. The groups are all different from each other.
b. The groups are not all equal to each other.
c. Group A ≠ Group B ≠ Group C
d. Group A < Group B < Group C
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Draw a Conclusion From the Analysis
Difficulty Level: Hard
70. A researcher calculates an F-ratio comparing the GPAs of three different SJSU majors: Major A (M = 2.40), Major B (M = 2.16) and Major C (M = 3.05). If she makes the decision to reject the null hypothesis, what is the most specific and appropriate conclusion she can draw?
a. GPAs vary as a function of major.
b. The GPAs for the three majors are not different from each other.
c. The GPAs for the three majors are all different from each other.
d. The analysis supports the research hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Draw a Conclusion From the Analysis
Difficulty Level: Hard
71. A researcher hypothesizes that people, on average, spend more money a week on gasoline than on food or clothing. She conducts a one-way ANOVA involving Gasoline (M = $51.40), Food (M = $24.57) and Clothing (M = $18.29). If she makes the decision to reject the null hypothesis, what is the MOST specific conclusion she can draw?
a. Money spent varies as a function of type of expense.
b. Money spent on gasoline is greater than food or clothing.
c. The money spent on the three expenses are all different from each other.
d. The analysis supports the research hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Draw a Conclusion From the Analysis
Difficulty Level: Hard
72. Barry calculates an F-ratio involving the SAT scores of three groups and does NOT reject the null hypothesis. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate conclusion he could draw?
a. The SAT scores for the three groups are all different from each other.
b. The SAT scores for the three groups are all equal to each other.
c. The SAT scores for the three groups are not significantly different.
d. No conclusion can be determined without conducting further analyses.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Draw a Conclusion From the Analysis
Difficulty Level: Hard
73. A researcher calculates an F-ratio comparing the GPAs of three different SJSU majors: Major A (M = 2.70), Major B (M = 2.87) and Major C (M = 3.01). If she makes the decision to NOT reject the null hypothesis, what is the most specific and appropriate conclusion she can draw?
a. The SAT scores for the three groups are all different from each other.
b. The analysis supports the research hypothesis.
c. The GPAs of the three majors are not significantly different.
d. No conclusion can be determined without conducting further analyses.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Draw a Conclusion From the Analysis
Difficulty Level: Hard
74. For the same set of data, the relationship between the t-test and the F-ratio may be characterized as ______.
a. t = F
b. t2 = F
c. F2 = t
d. none of these
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Relationship Between the t-Test and the F-Ratio
Difficulty Level: Easy
75. When researchers have a plan regarding the comparisons between groups needed to test their research hypotheses, these comparisons are known as ______.
a. planned comparisons
b. unplanned comparisons
c. post hoc comparisons
d. complex comparisons
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Planned Versus Unplanned Comparisons
Difficulty Level: Easy
76. Which type of analytical comparisons is not built into the research design prior to data collection?
a. a priori comparisons
b. planned comparisons
c. unplanned comparisons
d. simple comparisons
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Planned Versus Unplanned Comparisons
Difficulty Level: Easy
77. ______ are analytical comparisons researchers build into the research design prior to the data collection process.
a. Planned comparisons
b. Unplanned comparisons
c. Simple comparisons
d. Post hoc comparisons
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Planned Versus Unplanned Comparisons
Difficulty Level: Easy
78. Which type of analytic comparisons is made in the absence of a specific hypothesis regarding which groups should be included?
a. planned comparisons
b. unplanned comparisons
c. a priori comparisons
d. complex comparisons
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Concerns Regarding Unplanned Comparisons
Difficulty Level: Medium
79. Which type of analytic comparisons is made when the researcher has a specific hypothesis regarding which groups should be included?
a. planned comparisons
b. unplanned comparisons
c. simple comparisons
d. post hoc comparisons
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Concerns Regarding Unplanned Comparisons
Difficulty Level: Medium
80. Analytical comparisons are calculated ______.
a. when the null hypothesis for the F-ratio is statistically insignificant
b. when the null hypothesis for the F-ratio is rejected
c. when the null hypothesis for the F-ratio is not rejected
d. whenever a research feels like it
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Planned Versus Unplanned Comparisons
Difficulty Level: Easy
81. In calculating analytical comparisons, MSWG is used as the estimate of error primarily because ______.
a. it is easy to calculate
b. it is based on all of the data
c. it helps support our research hypotheses
d. it reduces the likelihood of making calculation errors
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Between-Group and Within-Group Variance in Analytical Comparisons
Difficulty Level: Easy
82. The main purpose of conducting analytical comparisons is to ______.
a. prove the null hypothesis is true
b. test research hypotheses
c. determine whether any differences are statistically insignificant
d. determine whether all of the groups are equal to each other
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Analytical Comparisons Within the One-Way ANOVA
Difficulty Level: Easy
83. The main purpose of conducting analytical comparisons is to ______.
a. compare groups with each other
b. prove that none of the groups differ from any of the other groups
c. reject the null hypothesis
d. prove that every group is different from every other group
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Planned Versus Unplanned Comparisons
Difficulty Level: Medium
84. One part of raising children is having to discipline them. Hoffman (1963) described three common discipline methods used by parents: power assertion (use of punishment, force, taking away of privileges or possessions), love withdrawal (ignoring or refusing to speak to the child, explicitly stating a dislike for the child), and induction (reasoning with the child, communicating standards of behavior). Barnett, Quackenbush, and Sinisi (1996) noted that little attention had been given to children’s preferences for these different methods. From reviewing the literature, they hypothesized children express a greater preference for induction than power assertion, which in turn is preferred over love withdrawal.
They collected data from a sample of middle school students. Each student watched a videotape of a parent disciplining a child using one of the three forms of discipline. After viewing the videotape, each student rated the effectiveness of the discipline on a 1 to 5 scale, where 1 = “Not at all effective” and 5 = “Very effective”. The results of their analyses are presented below:
Power assertion | Love withdrawal | |||
Induction | Total | |||
N | 9 | 9 | 9 | |
| 2.44 | 1.56 | 3.78 |
|
s | 1.74 | 1.13 | .97 |
Source | SS | df | MS | F |
Discipline method (BG) | 22.52 | 2 | 11.26 | 6.43 |
Error (WG) | 42.00 | 24 | 1.75 | |
Total | 64.52 | 26 |
You decide to conduct the analytical comparison of Induction vs. Power assertion.
In conducting this analytical comparison, how should the null and alternative hypotheses be stated?
a. H0: all μs are not equal; H1: not all μs are equal
b. H1: μInduction = μPower assertion; H1: μInduction ≠ μPower assertion
c. H0: 1 ≠ 2; H1: 1 = 2
d. 
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses (H0 and H1)
Difficulty Level: Hard
85. One part of raising children is having to discipline them. Hoffman (1963) described three common discipline methods used by parents: power assertion (use of punishment, force, taking away of privileges or possessions), love withdrawal (ignoring or refusing to speak to the child, explicitly stating a dislike for the child), and induction (reasoning with the child, communicating standards of behavior). Barnett, Quackenbush, and Sinisi (1996) noted that little attention had been given to children’s preferences for these different methods. From reviewing the literature, they hypothesized children express a greater preference for induction than power assertion, which in turn is preferred over love withdrawal.
They collected data from a sample of middle school students. Each student watched a videotape of a parent disciplining a child using one of the three forms of discipline. After viewing the videotape, each student rated the effectiveness of the discipline on a 1 to 5 scale, where 1 = “Not at all effective” and 5 = “Very effective”. The results of their analyses are presented below:
Power assertion | Love withdrawal | |||
Induction | Total | |||
N | 9 | 9 | 9 | |
| 2.44 | 1.56 | 3.78 |
|
s | 1.74 | 1.13 | .97 |
Source | SS | df | MS | F |
Discipline method (BG) | 22.52 | 2 | 11.26 | 6.43 |
Error (WG) | 42.00 | 24 | 1.75 | |
Total | 64.52 | 26 |
You decide to conduct the analytical comparison of Induction vs. Power assertion.
Given the information above, what is the value for the F-ratio for this analytical comparison (Fcomp)?
a. 1.80
b. 4.02
c. 4.62
d. 8.08
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Calculate a Statistic: F-Ratio for Analytical Comparisons (Fcomp)
Difficulty Level: Hard
86. One part of raising children is having to discipline them. Hoffman (1963) described three common discipline methods used by parents: power assertion (use of punishment, force, taking away of privileges or possessions), love withdrawal (ignoring or refusing to speak to the child, explicitly stating a dislike for the child), and induction (reasoning with the child, communicating standards of behavior). Barnett, Quackenbush, and Sinisi (1996) noted that little attention had been given to children’s preferences for these different methods. From reviewing the literature, they hypothesized children express a greater preference for induction than power assertion, which in turn is preferred over love withdrawal.
They collected data from a sample of middle school students. Each student watched a videotape of a parent disciplining a child using one of the three forms of discipline. After viewing the videotape, each student rated the effectiveness of the discipline on a 1 to 5 scale, where 1 = “Not at all effective” and 5 = “Very effective”. The results of their analyses are presented below:
Power assertion | Love withdrawal | |||
Induction | Total | |||
N | 9 | 9 | 9 | |
| 2.44 | 1.56 | 3.78 |
|
s | 1.74 | 1.13 | .97 |
Source | SS | df | MS | F |
Discipline method (BG) | 22.52 | 2 | 11.26 | 6.43 |
Error (WG) | 42.00 | 24 | 1.75 | |
Total | 64.52 | 26 |
You decide to conduct the analytical comparison of Induction vs. Power assertion.
Which of the following is the appropriate critical value for this analytical comparison?
a. 3.37
b. 3.40
c. 3.63
d. 4.49
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Make a Decision Whether to Reject the Null Hypothesis.
Difficulty Level: Hard
87. One part of raising children is having to discipline them. Hoffman (1963) described three common discipline methods used by parents: power assertion (use of punishment, force, taking away of privileges or possessions), love withdrawal (ignoring or refusing to speak to the child, explicitly stating a dislike for the child), and induction (reasoning with the child, communicating standards of behavior). Barnett, Quackenbush, and Sinisi (1996) noted that little attention had been given to children’s preferences for these different methods. From reviewing the literature, they hypothesized children express a greater preference for induction than power assertion, which in turn is preferred over love withdrawal.
They collected data from a sample of middle school students. Each student watched a videotape of a parent disciplining a child using one of the three forms of discipline. After viewing the videotape, each student rated the effectiveness of the discipline on a 1 to 5 scale, where 1 = “Not at all effective” and 5 = “Very effective”. The results of their analyses are presented below:
Power assertion | Love withdrawal | |||
Induction | Total | |||
N | 9 | 9 | 9 | |
| 2.44 | 1.56 | 3.78 |
|
s | 1.74 | 1.13 | .97 |
Source | SS | df | MS | F |
Discipline method (BG) | 22.52 | 2 | 11.26 | 6.43 |
Error (WG) | 42.00 | 24 | 1.75 | |
Total | 64.52 | 26 |
You decide to conduct the analytical comparison of Induction vs. Power assertion.
Based on your calculations, which of the following represents the decision regarding the null hypothesis?
a. Do not reject H0 (p > .05)
b. Do not reject H0 (p < .05)
c. Reject H0 (p < .05)
d. Reject H0 (p < .01)
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Make a Decision Whether to Reject the Null Hypothesis.
Difficulty Level: Hard
88. As there is a growing concern about alcohol-related problems on college campuses, a team of researchers was interested in studying students’ perceptions about alcohol consumption—more specifically, in how students define a “drink” (White et al, 2004).
These researchers were interested in seeing whether the size of a cup influences how much beer students will pour into the cup. In their study students poured what they believed were 12 ounces of beer into one of three cups of different sizes (16, 24, or 32 ounces). They hypothesized that the larger the cup, the more beer students would pour. The results of their analyses are presented below:
16 oz | 24 oz | 32 oz | |
N | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| 12.58 | 14.50 | 16.17 |
s | 2.11 | 2.02 | 2.12 |
Source | SS | df | MS | F |
Cup size (BG) | 77.52 | 2 | 38.76 | 8.93 |
Error (WG) | 130.20 | 30 | 4.34 | |
Total | 207.72 | 32 |
You decide to conduct the analytical comparison of 16 oz vs. 24 oz.
In conducting this analytical comparison, how should the null and alternative hypotheses be stated?
a. H0: all μs are not equal; H1: not all μs are equal
b. H0: μ16 oz = μ24 oz; H1: μ16 oz ≠ μ24 oz
c. H0: 1 ≠ 2; H1: 1 = 2
d. 
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses (H0 and H1)
Difficulty Level: Hard
89. As there is a growing concern about alcohol-related problems on college campuses, a team of researchers was interested in studying students’ perceptions about alcohol consumption—more specifically, in how students define a “drink” (White et al, 2004).
These researchers were interested in seeing whether the size of a cup influences how much beer students will pour into the cup. In their study students poured what they believed were 12 ounces of beer into one of three cups of different sizes (16, 24, or 32 ounces). They hypothesized that the larger the cup, the more beer students would pour. The results of their analyses are presented below:
16 oz | 24 oz | 32 oz | |
N | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| 12.58 | 14.50 | 16.17 |
s | 2.11 | 2.02 | 2.12 |
Source | SS | df | MS | F |
Cup size (BG) | 77.52 | 2 | 38.76 | 8.93 |
Error (WG) | 130.20 | 30 | 4.34 | |
Total | 207.72 | 32 |
You decide to conduct the analytical comparison of 16 oz vs. 24 oz.
Which of the following is the appropriate critical value for this analytical comparison?
a. 4.32
b. 4.30
c. 4.26
d. 4.17
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Make a Decision Whether to Reject the Null Hypothesis.
Difficulty Level: Hard
90. As there is a growing concern about alcohol-related problems on college campuses, a team of researchers was interested in studying students’ perceptions about alcohol consumption—more specifically, in how students define a “drink” (White et al, 2004).
These researchers were interested in seeing whether the size of a cup influences how much beer students will pour into the cup. In their study students poured what they believed were 12 ounces of beer into one of three cups of different sizes (16 ounce, 24 ounce, or 32 ounce). They hypothesized that the larger the cup, the more beer students would pour. The results of their analyses are presented below:
16 oz | 24 oz | 32 oz | |
N | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| 12.58 | 14.50 | 16.17 |
s | 2.11 | 2.02 | 2.12 |
ASource | SS | df | MS | F |
Cup size (BG) | 77.52 | 2 | 38.76 | 8.93 |
Error (WG) | 130.20 | 30 | 4.34 | |
Total | 207.72 | 32 |
You decide to conduct the analytical comparison of 16 oz vs. 24 oz.
Based on your calculations, which of the following represents the decision regarding the null hypothesis?
a. Reject H0 (p < .05)
b. Do not reject H0 (p < .05)
c. Do not reject H0 (p > .05)
d. Reject H0 (p < .01)
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Make a Decision Whether to Reject the Null Hypothesis.
Difficulty Level: Hard
91. What is an effective way of learning a complicated game such as chess? One recent study (de Bruin et al, 2007) had people learn using one of three methods: watching people play the game (the Watching condition), watching and making predictions regarding what moves each player would do (the Predicting condition), or watching and making predictions regarding what moves each player would do and explaining the reason for their prediction (the Explaining condition).
Later, each person played a series of games of chess against a computer and the percentage of time each person made correct moves was recorded; the higher the percentage, the better the player’s ability to play chess. The researchers hypothesized that players who had to explain their predictions would have a higher ability than people who simply made predictions, who in turn would have a higher ability than those who simply watched others.
Watching | Predicting | Explaining | |
N | 12 | 12 | 12 |
A | 50.42 | 48.83 | 61.25 |
s | 9.35 | 10.17 | 9.63 |
Source | SS | df | MS | F |
Method (BG) | 1096.32 | 2 | 548.16 | 5.80 |
Error (WG) | 3119.49 | 33 | 94.53 |
You decide to conduct the analytical comparison of Watching vs. Predicting.
In conducting this analytical comparison, how should the null and alternative hypotheses be stated?
a. H0: all μs are not equal; H1: not all μs are equal
b. H0: μWatching = μPredicting; H1: μWatching ≠μPredicting
c. H0: 1 ≠ 2; H1: 1 = 2
d. 
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses (H0 and H1)
Difficulty Level: Hard
92. What is an effective way of learning a complicated game such as chess? One recent study (de Bruin et al., 2007) had people learn using one of three methods: watching people play the game (the Watching condition), watching and making predictions regarding what moves each player would do (the Predicting condition), or watching and making predictions regarding what moves each player would do and explaining the reason for their prediction (the Explaining condition).
Later, each person played a series of games of chess against a computer and the percentage of time each person made correct moves was recorded; the higher the percentage, the better the player’s ability to play chess. The researchers hypothesized that players who had to explain their predictions would have a higher ability than people who simply made predictions, who in turn would have a higher ability than those who simply watched others.
Watching | Predicting | Explaining | |
N | 12 | 12 | 12 |
A | 50.42 | 48.83 | 61.25 |
s | 9.35 | 10.17 | 9.63 |
Source | SS | df | MS | F |
Method (BG) | 1096.32 | 2 | 548.16 | 5.80 |
Error (WG) | 3119.49 | 33 | 94.53 |
You decide to conduct the analytical comparison of Watching vs. Predicting.
Which of the following is the appropriate critical value for this analytical comparison?
a. 4.32
b. 4.30
c. 4.26
d. 4.17
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Make a Decision Whether to Reject the Null Hypothesis.
Difficulty Level: Hard
93. What is an effective way of learning a complicated game such as chess? One recent study (de Bruin et al., 2007) had people learn using one of three methods: watching people play the game (the Watching condition), watching and making predictions regarding what moves each player would do (the Predicting condition), or watching and making predictions regarding what moves each player would do and explaining the reason for their prediction (the Explaining condition).
Later, each person played a series of games of chess against a computer and the percentage of time each person made correct moves was recorded; the higher the percentage, the better the player’s ability to play chess. The researchers hypothesized that players who had to explain their predictions would have a higher ability than people who simply made predictions, who in turn would have a higher ability than those who simply watched others.
Watching | Predicting | Explaining | |
N | 12 | 12 | 12 |
A | 50.42 | 48.83 | 61.25 |
s | 9.35 | 10.17 | 9.63 |
Source | SS | df | MS | F |
Method (BG) | 1096.32 | 2 | 548.16 | 5.80 |
Error (WG) | 3119.49 | 33 | 94.53 |
You decide to conduct the analytical comparison of Watching vs. Predicting.
Based on your calculations, which of the following represents the decision regarding the null hypothesis and the conclusion regarding whether the result of the analysis supports the research hypothesis?
a. Reject H0 (p < .05); the analysis supports the research hypothesis
b. Do not reject H0 (p < .05); the analysis supports the research hypothesis
c. Do not reject H0 (p > .05); the analysis does not support the research hypothesis
d. Reject H0 (p > .05); the analysis does not support the research hypothesis
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Make a Decision Whether to Reject the Null Hypothesis.
Difficulty Level: Hard
94. ______ is the probability of making at least one Type I error across a set of comparisons.
a. Familywise error
b. Unplanned error
c. Planned error
d. Explained error
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Concerns Regarding Unplanned Comparisons
Difficulty Level: Easy
95. ______ is the probability of making at least one type I error across a set of comparisons.
a. Type II error
b. Familywise error
c. Simple error
d. Complex error
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Concerns Regarding Unplanned Comparisons
Difficulty Level: Easy
96. The probability of making at least one type I error across a set of comparison is referred to as ______.
a. total error
b. unpredicted error
c. explained error
d. familywise error
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Concerns Regarding Unplanned Comparisons
Difficulty Level: Easy
97. The likelihood of familywise error increases as ______.
a. more comparisons are made within a set of data
b. fewer comparisons are made within a set of data
c. no type I errors occur
d. the number of groups in a study are reduced
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Concerns Regarding Unplanned Comparisons
Difficulty Level: Medium
98. Which is the appropriate method for controlling familywise error in a situation that involves comparing each group in a research study with a single reference group?
a. Dunnett Test
b. Scheffé Test
c. Tukey Test
d. Cohen d
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Methods of Controlling Familywise Error
Difficulty Level: Medium
99. When faced with a situation that involves comparing each group in a research study with a single reference group, which method for controlling familywise error would be most appropriate?
a. complex comparison
b. Scheffé Test
c. Tukey Test
d. Dunnett Test
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Methods of Controlling Familywise Error
Difficulty Level: Medium
100. In a research situation that involves making complex comparisons (analytical comparisons that involve more than two groups), which statistical procedure is used to control familywise error?
a. ANOVA
b. Scheffé Test
c. Tukey Test
d. Dunnett Test
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Methods of Controlling Familywise Error
Difficulty Level: Hard
101. ______ is defined as a statistical procedure used to control familywise error in situations in which a researcher conducts all possible simple and complex comparisons in a set of data.
a. Tukey Test
b. Dunnett Test
c. Scheffé Test
d. one-way ANOVA
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Methods of Controlling Familywise Error
Difficulty Level: Easy
102. If a researcher wanted to compare each group with a single reference group, the appropriate analytic comparison would be ______.
a. Tukey Test
b. Dunnett Test
c. Scheffé Test
d. one-way ANOVA
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Methods of Controlling Familywise Error
Difficulty Level: Medium
103. If a researcher wanted to compare all simple and complex comparisons they would use a ______.
a. Tukey Test
b. Dunnett Test
c. Scheffé Test
d. one-way ANOVA
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Methods of Controlling Familywise Error
Difficulty Level: Easy
104. A researcher who plans on making only simple comparisons would use the ______, whereas a researcher who plans on making both simple and complex comparisons would use the ______.
a. Scheffé test; Tukey test
b. Scheffé test; Dunnett test
c. Tukey test; Scheffé test
d. Dunnett test; Scheffé test
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Methods of Controlling Familywise Error
Difficulty Level: Medium
105. A researcher who plans on making both simple and complex comparisons would use the ______, whereas a researcher who plans on making only simple comparisons would use the ______.
a. Scheffé test; Tukey test
b. Scheffé test; Dunnett test
c. Tukey test; Scheffé test
d. Dunnett test; Scheffé test
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Methods of Controlling Familywise Error
Difficulty Level: Medium
106. ______ are analytical comparisons that involve only two groups.
a. Complex comparisons
b. Simple comparisons
c. Unplanned comparisons
d. Planned comparisons
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Methods of Controlling Familywise Error
Difficulty Level: Easy
107. ______ are analytical comparisons that involve more than two groups.
a. Complex comparisons
b. Simple comparisons
c. Unplanned comparisons
d. Planned comparisons
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Methods of Controlling Familywise Error
Difficulty Level: Easy
108. ______ is a statistical procedure used to control familywise error in situations in which a researcher compares each group with each of the other groups.
a. Tukey Test
b. Dunnett Test
c. Scheffé Test
d. one-way ANOVA
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Methods of Controlling Familywise Error
Difficulty Level: Medium
109. The Tukey test limits familywise error by ______.
a. changing the degrees of freedom
b. placing limits on the number of groups that can be in a research study
c. changing alpha from .05 to .10 for each analytical comparison
d. increasing the critical value of the statistic needed to reject the null hypothesis for each comparison
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Controlling Familywise Error: the Tukey Test
Difficulty Level: Medium
110. When making a decision about the null hypothesis using the Tukey test, what is the first step?
a. Identify the critical value.
b. Set the probability of familywise error.
c. Calculate the degrees of freedom (df).
d. Relate the finding to the research hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Controlling Familywise Error: the Tukey Test
Difficulty Level: Easy
True/False
1. The F-ratio can be expressed in a single distribution.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Characteristics of the F-Ratio Distribution
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. The F-ratio can only be a positive number because the formula is based on squared deviation of the scores from the mean.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Characteristics of the F-Ratio Distribution
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Explained error is the probability of making at least one type I error across a set of comparisons.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Concerns Regarding Unplanned Comparisons
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Familywise error is the probability of making at least one type I error across a set of comparisons.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Concerns Regarding Unplanned Comparisons
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. The likelihood of familywise error increases as fewer comparisons are made within a set of data.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Concerns Regarding Unplanned Comparisons
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Setting the probability of familywise error is the first step when making a decision about the null hypothesis using the Tukey test.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Controlling Familywise Error: the Tukey Test
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. The Dunnett test is a statistical procedure used to control familywise error in situations in which a researcher compares each group with each of the other groups.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Methods of Controlling Familywise Error
Difficulty Level: Medium
Document Information
Connected Book
Fundamental Statistics Social Sciences 2e Complete Test Bank
By Howard T. Tokunaga