Non-coding RNAs – Test Bank | Ch17 – 7th Edition

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1) Select the four most common types of molecules to which ncRNAs bind.

A) DNA
B) RNA
C) Proteins
D) Small molecules
E) Lipids
F) Ions
G) Water

2) Select functions that ncRNAs can perform. Choose all that apply.

A) Scaffold
B) Guide
C) Ribozyme
D) Blocker
E) Decoy
F) Generation of cellular energy
G) Alteration of protein function or stability

3) Select the features that made protobiontspossible precursors of living cells.

A) A boundary separating the internal contents of the protobiont from the external environment
B) Polymers inside the protobiont contained information
C) Polymers inside the protobionthad catalytic functions
D) Capability of self-replication
E) Presence of organelles
F) Polymers inside the protobiont could generate energy

4) Select the ways in which modifications to the chromatin brought about by HOTAIR and associated proteinsare proposed to inhibit transcription.

A) Direct inhibition of RNA polymerase binding
B) Attraction of other chromatin-modifying enzymes
C) Formation of a double-stranded RNA structure between HOTAIR and the mRNA preventing translation
D) Recruitment of repressors to the DNA

5) Select possible outcomes after RISC binds to an mRNA during RNA interference. Choose all that apply.

A) Inhibition of translation without mRNA degradation
B) mRNA degradation
C) Movement of theRISC-mRNA complex to a P-body
D) Expulsion of the RISC-mRNA complex from the cell
E) Cell death

6) You are working in a lab that studies snoRNAs. You mutate the antisense sequences in a C/D box snoRNA to completely different sequences. What results do you expect compared to wild type snoRNA? Check all that apply.

A) Reduced binding of the snoRNA to the rRNA
B) Reduced methylated ribose in the rRNA
C) Reduced psuedouracil in the rRNA
D) Increased binding of the snoRNA to the rRNA
E) Increased methylated ribose in the rRNA
F) Increased pseudouracilin the rRNA

7) Select the sequences that could serve as the H box in a H/ACA box snoRNA. Choose all that apply.

A) 5' AGAGCA 3'
B) 5' ACGAGA 3'
C) 5' ACA 3'
D) 5' AUGAUGA 3'
E) 5' AGUAGUA3'
F) 5' AUAACA 3'
G) 5' ACAAUA3'

8) Select functions that are mainly carried out by proteins in modern cells.

A) Catalytic functions
B) Structural roles
C) Uptake of substances into cells
D) Storage of information

9) In order of their occurrence what are the steps in RNA interference?

A) Processing of RNA transcript by Drosha and DGCR8, transport to cytoplasm, processing by Dicer, binding to proteins to form a RISC, binding to target mRNA
B) Processing by Dicer, processing of RNA transcript by Drosha and DGCR8, transport to cytoplasm, binding to proteins to form a RISC, binding to target mRNA
C) Processing of RNA transcript by Drosha and DGCR8, processing by Dicer, transport to cytoplasm, binding to proteins to form a RISC, binding to target mRNA
D) Processing of RNA transcript by Drosha and DGCR8, binding to proteins to form a RISC, transport to cytoplasm, processing by Dicer, binding to target mRNA

10) In an in vitro translation assay radioactive amino acids can be incorporated into proteins and the proteins separated from the unincorporated amino acids (higher counts per minute indicates more protein synthesis). Given the following data what are the conclusions that you would come to?

A) Double-stranded RNA is more efficient at inhibiting translation than antisense RNA.
B) Antisense RNA is more efficient at inhibiting translation than double-stranded RNA.
C) No conclusion about the efficiency of translation inhibition can be made as the positive and negative controls did not perform appropriately.
D) The experiment did not work since the antisense fibronectin did not have an effect on amino acid incorporation.

11) You are working in a lab that studies ncRNAs. You develop an assay to isolate ncRNAs and any associated molecules. You must then identify the molecules you have isolated. You find a molecule that is associated with an ncRNA that is not changed by protease, RNase, or DNase. The associated molecule is most likely __________.

A) a small molecule
B) a protein
C) an mRNA
D) DNA

12) A bacterial ncRNA called OxySregulates translation by binding to the Shine-Dalgarnosequence, which preventsribosome binding. What is the function of this ncRNA?

A) Blocker
B) Decoy
C) Ribozyme
D) Scaffold

13) Ribozymes are RNA molecules with what type of activity?

A) Catalytic
B) Binding
C) Protease
D) Decoy

14) An RNA molecule with catalytic activity is called a/an __________.

A) ribozyme
B) ncRNA
C) snRNA
D) miRNA

15) Select the ncRNA that facilitates the binding of telomerase to the telomere and acts as a template for DNA replication.

A) TERC
B) snRNA
C) SRP RNA
D) XistRNA

16) SmY RNAs are a family of ncRNAsin nematodes that are thought to be involved in a special type of RNA splicing. Based on this function, SmY RNAsaremost likely members of which category of ncRNAs?

A) snRNA
B) tRNA
C) snoRNA
D) siRNA

17) What ability, which modern eukaryotic cells also possess, did cells in an RNA world probably acquire that explains the existence of DNA?

A) Reverse transcription
B) DNA replication
C) Translation
D) RNA splicing

18) The ncRNAHOTAIR recruits what type of proteins to target genes?

A) Histone-modifyingcomplexes
B) Transcription factors
C) RNA polymerase
D) Histone acetyltransferase

19) With which injection did Mello and Fire observe the lowest amount of mex-3 probe staining?

A) Injected with double-stranded RNA
B) Injected with mex-3 antisense RNA
C) Uninjected

20) Consider the two key roles that have been identified for SRP RNA. You have isolated a mutant SRP RNA. This RNA is able to perform its role as a scaffold for SRP proteins, but has lost its other function. How will this affect translation of SRP-containing proteins?

A) Partially translated proteins will be stuck in the cytosol.
B) Partially translated proteins will be stuck in the ER lumen.
C) Partially translated proteins will be stuck in the nucleus.
D) Translation will proceed normally.

21) What is the makeup of the bacterial and eukaryotic SRP, respectively?

A) Bacterial: 1 ncRNA, 1 protein; Eukaryotic: 1 ncRNA, 6 proteins
B) Bacterial: 1 ncRNA, 1 protein; Eukaryotic: 6ncRNAs, 1 protein
C) Bacterial: 1 ncRNA, 6 proteins; Eukaryotic: 1 ncRNA, 6 proteins
D) Bacterial: 6ncRNAs, 1 protein; Eukaryotic: 1 ncRNA, 1 protein

22) Into which gene of the CRISPR-Cas system are fragments of bacteriophage DNA inserted?

A) Crispr
B) tracr
C) Cas9
D) Cas1
E) Cas2

23) The CRISPR-Cas system in bacteria is most similar to what system in vertebrates?

A) Immune system
B) Circulatory system
C) Nervous system
D) Digestive system

24) Based on what you know about cartilage-hair hypoplasia, which strategy involving ncRNAsdo you anticipate might be useful in treating this disease?

A) A viral vector to restore a particular ncRNA
B) Anti-miRNA oligonucleotides
C) Targeting of the miRNA-processing machinery
D) Use of DNA demethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors

25) You work in a lab that is studying PIWI proteins. You have isolated PIWI proteins from a cell, and they are in complexes. You wish to determine whether the complexes are piRITSs or piRISCs. What would be one way to differentiate between the two?

A) One of the proteins in the pRITS should have a nuclear localization signal.
B) One of the proteins in the pRITS should have nuclease activity.
C) One of the proteins in the pRITS should have acetylation activity.
D) One of the proteins in the pRITS should function as a transcription factor.

26) piRNA sequences are complementary to __________.

A) RNA from a transposable element
B) another RNA within the piRISC
C) the Crispr gene
D) bacteriophage DNA

27) Abnormal levels of miRNAs are associated with nearly all forms of what type of human disease?

A) Neurological disorders
B) Cancer
C) Cardiovascular disease
D) Gastrointestinal disease

28) What humandisease is associated with mutations in Drosha?

A) Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
B) Alzheimer disease
C) Heart arrhythmias
D) Lung cancer

29) What is the name of the type of chemical modification on anti-miRNA oligonucleotides used to inhibit miRNA function that involves ribose sugars with an extra bridge connecting the 2' oxygen and the 4' carbon?

A) Locked nucleic acids
B) Antagomirs
C) Enoxacin
D) RNaseMRP

30) What effect would disabling exportin 5 have on RNA interference?

A) In the absence of exportin 5 activity, no RNA interference could occur.
B) RNA interference would be unaffected by the lack of exportin 5 function.
C) siRNAs could still carry out RNA interference, but miRNAs would not be made.
D) miRNAs could still carry out RNA interference, but siRNAs would not be made.

31) ncRNAs are broadly categorized based on their __________.

A) length
B) function
C) target molecule
D) order of discovery

32) Which ncRNAs work to inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in adult cells, thus acting as tumor suppressors?

A) miR-200 family
B) mi-R10a, miR-145, and miR-143
C) piRNAs
D) snoRNAs