New Americans, Assimilation, And Old | Exam Prep Chapter.9 - Complete Test Bank Diversity and Society 6e with Answers by Joseph F. Healey. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 9: New Americans, Assimilation, and Old Challenges
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. The nation that sent the most immigrants in 2012 was ______.
A. Cuba
B. the Philippines
C. India
D. China
E. Mexico
Learning Objective: 9-1: Students will understand that that America finds itself in a new era of group relations today, with new immigrants coming to America at nearly record rates since the mid-1960s.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Current Immigration
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Which of the following is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere?
A. Mexico
B. Dominican Republic
C. El Salvador
D. Cuba
E. Haiti
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Haitians
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Which of the following statements about Haitian immigrants is true?
A. Haitians are still mostly first-generation immigrants.
B. Haitian immigrants tend to be mestizo.
C. Haitians do not have trouble communicating in English because it is spoken in Haiti.
D. Haitian immigrants tend to be highly educated.
E. Haitian immigrants tend to arrive in the United States with high levels of human capital.
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Haitians
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Which of the following groups has a higher percentage of college graduates, in comparison to non-Hispanic Whites?
A. Haitian Americans
B. Jamaican Americans
C. Vietnamese Americans
D. Arab Americans
E. Ethiopian Americans
Learning Objective: 9-5: Students will understand that contemporary immigrants experience three different modes of incorporation: the primary labor market, the secondary labor market, and the enclave. Secondary structural assimilation varies between and within groups and is strongly influenced by the amount of human capital they bring, their race, the attitude of the larger society, and many other factors.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Table 9.4 Selected Characteristics of Arab Americans and Middle Eastern American and Non-Hispanic Whites, 2017
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Arab Americans make up 30% of the population of ______, the highest percentage of any city in the nation.
A. Trenton, New Jersey
B. Jacksonville, Florida
C. Sacramento, California
D. Dearborn, Michigan
E. New York, New York
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Middle Eastern and Arab Americans
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Recent data show that the largest groups of African immigrants came from ______.
A. Ghana and Eritrea
B. Ethiopia and Gambia
C. Nigeria and Ethiopia
D. Zimbabwe and Sierra Leone
E. South Africa and Malawi
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Immigrants From Africa
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Which of the following statements about Nigerian immigrants is true?
A. They are not recent immigrants and therefore do not have a high representation of first-generation members.
B. Nigerian immigrants tend to have low levels of skill and education.
C. The majority of Nigerian immigrants were admitted as refugees.
D. Nigerian immigrants have a low level of English fluency.
E. Nigerian immigration contributes to a brain drain in the home country.
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Immigrants From Africa
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. The U.S. government defined ______ as economic refugees ineligible for asylum.
A. South Korean immigrants
B. Nigerian immigrants
C. Cuban immigrants
D. Haitian immigrants
E. Ethiopian immigrants
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Haitians
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Contrary to popular opinion, undocumented immigrants ______.
A. do not contribute to the Social Security system
B. place a burden on the nation’s economic resources
C. do not contribute to the economy
D. pay a disproportionate amount of taxes
E. receive payroll tax deductions
Learning Objective: 9-4: Students will understand that relations between immigrants and the larger society are animated by a number of issues, including perceptions of the costs and benefits of immigration for the economy and broader society, and concerns about undocumented immigrants.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Costs and Benefits
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. Which of the following industries has the greatest demand for undocumented workers?
A. fishing and forestry
B. automotive
C. manufacturing
D. health care
E. mining
Learning Objective: 9-4: Students will understand that relations between immigrants and the larger society are animated by a number of issues, including perceptions of the costs and benefits of immigration for the economy and broader society, and concerns about undocumented immigrants.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Undocumented Immigrants
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. One of the best-known attempts to limit benefits to illegal immigrants occurred in 1994, when ______ voters passed Proposition 187.
A. Nevada
B. California
C. Florida
D. New York
E. Arizona
Learning Objective: 9-4: Students will understand that relations between immigrants and the larger society are animated by a number of issues, including perceptions of the costs and benefits of immigration for the economy and broader society, and concerns about undocumented immigrants.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Undocumented Immigrants
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. Which language is spoken in Haiti?
A. English
B. Dutch
C. Creole
D. Spanish
E. Portuguese
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Haitians
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. What do Jamaica and Nigeria have in common?
A. They are both former Spanish colonies.
B. They are both former French colonies.
C. They are both former Italian colonies.
D. They are both former Portuguese colonies.
E. They are both former British colonies.
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Immigrants From Africa
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. Which of the following statements about Arab Americans is true?
A. Arab Americans are not urbanized.
B. Arab Americans tend to have low levels of education and skills.
C. Arab Americans include both Muslims and Christians.
D. Arab Americans rank relatively low in terms of income and occupation.
E. Arab American men are overrepresented in occupations involving manual labor.
Learning Objective: 9-5: Students will understand that contemporary immigrants experience three different modes of incorporation: the primary labor market, the secondary labor market, and the enclave. Secondary structural assimilation varies between and within groups and is strongly influenced by the amount of human capital they bring, their race, the attitude of the larger society, and many other factors.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Middle Eastern and Arab Americans
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. Efforts to decrease the flow of illegal immigration through denying access to services ______.
A. have been met with overwhelming public approval
B. have deterred attempts at entering the United States
C. have improved access to jobs for U.S. citizens
D. have been declared unconstitutional
E. have proven to be effective
Learning Objective: 9-4: Students will understand that relations between immigrants and the larger society are animated by a number of issues, including perceptions of the costs and benefits of immigration for the economy and broader society, and concerns about undocumented immigrants.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Undocumented Immigrants
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. Two recent studies provide support for Gordon’s theory of assimilation by suggesting that most contemporary immigrant groups are acculturating and integrating at the “normal” ______-generation pace.
A. five
B. four
C. three
D. two
E. one
Learning Objective: 9-6: Students will understand the contradicting evidence on whether assimilation for new Americans will be segmented or will ultimately follow the pathway established by immigrant groups from Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Case for Traditional Assimilation Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. Which of the following groups is most likely to be trapped by very low levels of human capital?
A. Nigerian immigrants
B. Iranian immigrants
C. Egyptian immigrants
D. Dominican immigrants
E. Colombian immigrants
Learning Objective: 9-6: Students will understand the contradicting evidence on whether assimilation for new Americans will be segmented or will ultimately follow the pathway established by immigrant groups from Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Case for Traditional Assimilation Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. Compared to Nigerian immigrants, immigrants from Ethiopia are more likely to ______.
A. be highly educated
B. be fluent in English
C. be highly skilled
D. have high incomes
E. be refugees
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Immigrants From Africa
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. Which of the following statements about Arab Americans is true?
A. Arab American men are underrepresented in sales-related occupations.
B. Arab American men are overrepresented in occupations involving manual labor.
C. Arab American women have the lowest rate of employment of any immigrant group.
D. Arab Americans are underrepresented in the highest occupational group.
E. Arab American women are heavily involved in domestic work.
Learning Objective: 9-5: Students will understand that contemporary immigrants experience three different modes of incorporation: the primary labor market, the secondary labor market, and the enclave. Secondary structural assimilation varies between and within groups and is strongly influenced by the amount of human capital they bring, their race, the attitude of the larger society, and many other factors.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Middle Eastern and Arab Americans
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. ______ is the term for the loss of more-educated citizens to other nations.
A. Intellectual loss
B. Brain drain
C. Brain transfer
D. Capital loss
E. The immigrant's paradox
Learning Objective: 9-5: Students will understand that contemporary immigrants experience three different modes of incorporation: the primary labor market, the secondary labor market, and the enclave. Secondary structural assimilation varies between and within groups and is strongly influenced by the amount of human capital they bring, their race, the attitude of the larger society, and many other factors.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Jamaicans
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. According to the chapter text, Arab American women have the lowest employment rate of any immigrant group due to ______.
A. their high level of education
B. workplace discrimination
C. traditional gender roles and family norms
D. their low level of education
E. their refugee status
Learning Objective: 9-5: Students will understand that contemporary immigrants experience three different modes of incorporation: the primary labor market, the secondary labor market, and the enclave. Secondary structural assimilation varies between and within groups and is strongly influenced by the amount of human capital they bring, their race, the attitude of the larger society, and many other factors.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Middle Eastern and Arab Americans
Difficulty Level: Medium
22. ______ immigrants have incomes and educational levels that are somewhat comparable to those of colonized minority groups.
A. Asian Indian
B. Korean
C. Filipino
D. Chinese
E. Vietnamese
Learning Objective: 9-5: Students will understand that contemporary immigrants experience three different modes of incorporation: the primary labor market, the secondary labor market, and the enclave. Secondary structural assimilation varies between and within groups and is strongly influenced by the amount of human capital they bring, their race, the attitude of the larger society, and many other factors.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Vietnamese
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. According to the chapter text, researchers find that, in general, undocumented immigrants ______.
A. are provided pathways to citizenship
B. find the United States to offer fewer opportunities than their home country
C. use more welfare benefits than U.S. citizens
D. are concentrated in jobs where U.S. citizens do not want to work
E. negatively impact the economy
Learning Objective: 9-4: Students will understand that relations between immigrants and the larger society are animated by a number of issues, including perceptions of the costs and benefits of immigration for the economy and broader society, and concerns about undocumented immigrants.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Costs and Benefits
Difficulty Level: Medium
24. Less-skilled immigrants provide cheap labor for the low-wage secondary job market. Who are the primary beneficiaries of these immigrants?
A. documented and undocumented immigrants
B. employers and U.S. consumers
C. employers and immigrants
D. U.S. consumers and immigrants
E. consumers in immigrants’ homelands
Learning Objective: 9-7: Students will understand that contemporary rates of immigration from the Global South to North are shaped by globalization and neoliberalism, which produce vulnerable economic conditions in the South and a continuing demand for cheap labor in the North.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Costs and Benefits
Difficulty Level: Medium
25. The classic assimilation model holds best for immigrants from ______.
A. Africa
B. Asia
C. Europe
D. the Middle East
E. South America
Learning Objective: 9-6: Students will understand the contradicting evidence on whether assimilation for new Americans will be segmented or will ultimately follow the pathway established by immigrant groups from Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Case for Traditional Assimilation Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
26. About 55% of all unauthorized immigrants are from ______.
A. Mexico
B. Italy
C. Africa
D. Vietnam
E. the Philippines
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Undocumented Immigrants
Difficulty Level: Easy
27. The issues of the “traditional” minority groups--African Americans and Native Americans--have not been resolved, although new immigrant groups continue to arrive. This was predicted by which social theorist?
A. Park
B. Gordon
C. Blauner
D. Noel
E. Massey
Learning Objective: 9-8: Students will understand that the experiences of new immigrant groups and attitudes toward immigration policy continue to be shaped by racism, sexism, and perceptions of what it means to be an American.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: New Immigrants and Old Issues
Difficulty Level: Medium
28. Neoliberalism creates unequal conditions by placing the control of production in the hands of transnational corporations, at the expense of local workers. This observation would most likely be made by which social theorist?
A. Weber
B. Noel
C. Massey
D. Gordon
E. Marx
Learning Objective: 9-7: Students will understand that contemporary rates of immigration from the Global South to North are shaped by globalization and neoliberalism, which produce vulnerable economic conditions in the South and a continuing demand for cheap labor in the North.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Recent Immigration in Historical and Global Context
Difficulty Level: Medium
29. Which of the following data regarding contemporary immigrants provide support for the traditional model of assimilation?
A. The second generation tends to have higher incomes and levels of education than their parents.
B. As some immigrants Americanize, new immigrants will replace them and maintain ethnic cultures.
C. Some Hispanic groups face great barriers to accessing the middle class.
D. Immigrants who arrive with high levels of human capital enter the primary labor market.
E. Since the 1960s, interest in ethnic and racial heritages has increased.
Learning Objective: 9-6: Students will understand the contradicting evidence on whether assimilation for new Americans will be segmented or will ultimately follow the pathway established by immigrant groups from Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Case for Traditional Assimilation Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
30. Haller and colleagues argue that contemporary immigrants face different barriers to successful adaptation because ______.
A. there are no likely interruptions to weaken cultural traditions
B. it is easier to remain connected to one’s homeland
C. primary sector jobs require high levels of education they often do not have access to
D. rates of upward mobility have increased
E. the second generation is likely to have higher levels of education
Learning Objective: 9-6: Students will understand the contradicting evidence on whether assimilation for new Americans will be segmented or will ultimately follow the pathway established by immigrant groups from Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Assimilation Now Versus Then
Difficulty Level: Medium
31. One explanation for anti-immigrant sentiment is that prejudice and racism are linked to competition between groups for scarce resources. This observation would most likely be made by which social theorist?
A. Weber
B. Noel
C. Lenski
D. Blauner
E. Marx
Learning Objective: 9-8: Students will understand that the experiences of new immigrant groups and attitudes toward immigration policy continue to be shaped by racism, sexism, and perceptions of what it means to be an American.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Attitudes of Americans
Difficulty Level: Medium
32. State Bill 1070, passed by the Arizona legislature in the spring of 2010, required law enforcement officers to check the immigration status of anyone they stopped, detained, or arrested if they had a “reasonable” suspicion that the person might be in the country illegally. This process is similar to ______.
A. crime algorithms
B. police brutality
C. racial prejudice
D. living while Black
E. racial profiling
Learning Objective: 9-8: Students will understand that the experiences of new immigrant groups and attitudes toward immigration policy continue to be shaped by racism, sexism, and perceptions of what it means to be an American.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Attitudes of Americans
Difficulty Level: Medium
33. Filipino Americans’ educational and occupational profiles are similar to those of ______.
A. Chinese Americans
B. African Americans
C. Nigerian Americans
D. Mexican Americans
E. Native Americans
Learning Objective: 9-5: Students will understand that contemporary immigrants experience three different modes of incorporation: the primary labor market, the secondary labor market, and the enclave. Secondary structural assimilation varies between and within groups and is strongly influenced by the amount of human capital they bring, their race, the attitude of the larger society, and many other factors.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Filipino Americans
Difficulty Level: Medium
34. The profiling of Arab Americans at airports is an example of ______.
A. community policing
B. public racism
C. modern racism
D. the social construction of danger
E. institutional discrimination
Learning Objective: 9-3: Students will understand that the overall levels of anti-immigrant prejudice and discrimination seem to have declined, along with the general decline in explicit, overt racism in American society. However, recent high levels of immigration, as well as events such as 9/11, seem to have increased anti-immigrant prejudice and discrimination, especially in areas with large numbers of immigrants.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: 9/11 and Arab Americans
Difficulty Level: Medium
35. The problems of exclusion and continuing prejudice and sexism are exacerbated by a number of trends in the larger society, including the continuing shift in subsistence technology from manufacturing to the service sector, which privileges groups who (in the past and today) have had access to education. This observation would most likely be made by which social theorist?
A. Myrdal
B. Noel
C. Lenski
D. Blauner
E. Gordon
Learning Objective: 9-8: Students will understand that the experiences of new immigrant groups and attitudes toward immigration policy continue to be shaped by racism, sexism, and perceptions of what it means to be an American.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: New Immigrants and Old Issues
Difficulty Level: Medium
36. Neoliberalism creates impoverished conditions in less-developed nations by ______.
A. creating barriers to the movement of capital
B. driving local farmers and manufacturers out of business
C. providing resources for local farmers to develop their businesses
D. expanding the size of the governmental sector
E. creating more opportunities for immigration across the globe
Learning Objective: 9-7: Students will understand that contemporary rates of immigration from the Global South to North are shaped by globalization and neoliberalism, which produce vulnerable economic conditions in the South and a continuing demand for cheap labor in the North.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Recent Immigration in Historical and Global Context
Difficulty Level: Medium
37. Korean American immigrants have entered the economy through ______.
A. the ethnic enclave
B. getting high levels of education
C. the primary sector
D. agriculture
E. positions in science and technology
Learning Objective: 9-5: Students will understand that contemporary immigrants experience three different modes of incorporation: the primary labor market, the secondary labor market, and the enclave. Secondary structural assimilation varies between and within groups and is strongly influenced by the amount of human capital they bring, their race, the attitude of the larger society, and many other factors.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Koreans
Difficulty Level: Medium
38. In June 2012, the Obama administration enacted a program under which DREAMers ______.
A. were required to pay income taxes
B. could apply for a pathway to citizenship
C. have access to some citizenship rights, such as voting
D. were granted work permits and the ability to attend college
E. did not ever have to fear deportation
Learning Objective: 9-4: Students will understand that relations between immigrants and the larger society are animated by a number of issues, including perceptions of the costs and benefits of immigration for the economy and broader society, and concerns about undocumented immigrants.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Undocumented Immigrants
Difficulty Level: Medium
39. Immigration typically flows from the Global South to the Global North due to ______.
A. Global South nations constantly being at war
B. racism experienced in Global South nations
C. the underdevelopment of Global South nations by neoliberal policies
D. Global North nations having more advanced democracies
E. poor farming conditions in the Global South
Learning Objective: 9-7: Students will understand that contemporary rates of immigration from the Global South to North are shaped by globalization and neoliberalism, which produce vulnerable economic conditions in the South and a continuing demand for cheap labor in the North.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Recent Immigration in Historical and Global Context
Difficulty Level: Medium
40. Douglas Massey identified which of the following as a crucial difference between past and contemporary assimilation?
A. Movement into the primary sector is now occurring at a faster rate than in the past.
B. It is likely that contemporary immigration will be interrupted by restrictive policies.
C. When contemporary immigrants arrive to the United States, they cut off communication with their homelands.
D. Contemporary immigrants face racism that White ethnic groups did not.
E. It is unlikely that contemporary immigrants’ cultural traditions will lose prominence because of Americanization.
Learning Objective: 9-6: Students will understand the contradicting evidence on whether assimilation for new Americans will be segmented or will ultimately follow the pathway established by immigrant groups from Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Case for Segmented Assimilation
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. An executive order in 2012 allowed DREAMers who met certain criteria to stay in the United States for a renewable 2-year term, without fear of deportation.
Learning Objective: 9-4: Students will understand that relations between immigrants and the larger society are animated by a number of issues, including perceptions of the costs and benefits of immigration for the economy and broader society, and concerns about undocumented immigrants.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: New Immigrants and Old Issues
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Many studies find that immigration generally creates negative burdens on the economy.
Learning Objective: 9-4: Students will understand that relations between immigrants and the larger society are animated by a number of issues, including perceptions of the costs and benefits of immigration for the economy and broader society, and concerns about undocumented immigrants.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Costs and Benefits
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Nations that send today’s immigrants are economically less developed, and most have long-standing relations with the United States.
Learning Objective: 9-7: Students will understand that contemporary rates of immigration from the Global South to North are shaped by globalization and neoliberalism, which produce vulnerable economic conditions in the South and a continuing demand for cheap labor in the North.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: New Hispanic Groups: Immigrants from the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, and Colombia
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Haitian Americans today are mostly first-generation immigrants.
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Haitians
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Salvadorans tend to reside in the East (40%), mostly in New York.
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Three Case Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Much like their Cuban counterparts, Haitians were defined by the U.S. government as political refugees eligible for asylum.
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Haitians
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. The Asian stream of immigrants consists primarily of highly educated professionals seeking opportunities to practice their careers and expand their skills.
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Contemporary Immigration From Asia
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. According to the chapter text, Nigerian immigrants tend to be not only well-educated but also English-speaking.
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Immigrants From Africa
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Recent immigrants from Egypt consist mostly of individuals with very little human capital.
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Immigrants and the Primary Labor Market
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. The primary labor market includes jobs in landscaping, construction, and the garment industry.
Learning Objective: 9-5: Students will understand that contemporary immigrants experience three different modes of incorporation: the primary labor market, the secondary labor market, and the enclave. Secondary structural assimilation varies between and within groups and is strongly influenced by the amount of human capital they bring, their race, the attitude of the larger society, and many other factors.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Immigrants and the Primary Labor Market
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. Nigerians and Ethiopians are small minorities, consisting of about 0.2% of the total U.S. population.
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Immigrants From Africa
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. Immigrants who enter the primary labor market upon or soon after arrival tend to be highly educated, skilled professionals, and businesspeople.
Learning Objective: 9-5: Students will understand that contemporary immigrants experience three different modes of incorporation: the primary labor market, the secondary labor market, and the enclave. Secondary structural assimilation varies between and within groups and is strongly influenced by the amount of human capital they bring, their race, the attitude of the larger society, and many other factors.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Immigrants and the Primary Labor Market
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. According to recent research, there seems to be a correlation between pessimism about the economy and the perception of immigrants as threats.
Learning Objective: 9-4: Students will understand that relations between immigrants and the larger society are animated by a number of issues, including perceptions of the costs and benefits of immigration for the economy and broader society, and concerns about undocumented immigrants.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Attitudes of Americans
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. The use of services by undocumented immigrants is generally limited by their vulnerable legal status.
Learning Objective: 9-4: Students will understand that relations between immigrants and the larger society are animated by a number of issues, including perceptions of the costs and benefits of immigration for the economy and broader society, and concerns about undocumented immigrants.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Costs and Benefits
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. In terms of structural integration, contemporary immigrant groups are narrowing the income gap over time, although many groups are handicapped by very low starting levels of human capital.
Learning Objective: 9-6: Students will understand the contradicting evidence on whether assimilation for new Americans will be segmented or will ultimately follow the pathway established by immigrant groups from Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Case for Traditional Assimilation Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. A study found that most contemporary immigrant groups are acculturating and integrating at a fifth-generation pace.
Learning Objective: 9-6: Students will understand the contradicting evidence on whether assimilation for new Americans will be segmented or will ultimately follow the pathway established by immigrant groups from Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Case for Traditional Assimilation Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. Americans tend to see immigrants as individuals acting on their own free will and often as individuals who participate in illegal activity.
Learning Objective: 9-7: Students will understand that contemporary rates of immigration from the Global South to North are shaped by globalization and neoliberalism, which produce vulnerable economic conditions in the South and a continuing demand for cheap labor in the North.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Recent Immigration in Historical and Global Context
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. Immigration contributes to the wealth and affluence of more developed societies, particularly the dominant groups and elite classes of these societies.
Learning Objective: 9-7: Students will understand that contemporary rates of immigration from the Global South to North are shaped by globalization and neoliberalism, which produce vulnerable economic conditions in the South and a continuing demand for cheap labor in the North.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Recent Immigration in Historical and Global Context
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. Indian immigrants to the United States are the Asian American group with the least human capital.
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Asian Indians
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. According to the chapter text, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is an example of a neoliberal policy.
Learning Objective: 9-7: Students will understand that contemporary rates of immigration from the Global South to North are shaped by globalization and neoliberalism, which produce vulnerable economic conditions in the South and a continuing demand for cheap labor in the North.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Recent Immigration in Historical and Global Context
Difficulty Level: Medium
21. Colombia is, to some extent, less developed than most other Central and South American nations.
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Colombians
Difficulty Level: Medium
22. Neoliberal policies promote economic development in less-developed nations through the elimination of barriers to the movement of goods and capital.
Learning Objective: 9-7: Students will understand that contemporary rates of immigration from the Global South to North are shaped by globalization and neoliberalism, which produce vulnerable economic conditions in the South and a continuing demand for cheap labor in the North.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Recent Immigration in Historical and Global Context
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. The speed and ease of modern transportation and communication will maintain cultural and linguistic diversity.
Learning Objective: 9-6: Students will understand the contradicting evidence on whether assimilation for new Americans will be segmented or will ultimately follow the pathway established by immigrant groups from Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Assimilation Now Versus Then
Difficulty Level: Medium
24. Racial prejudice is a barrier to incorporation faced by contemporary immigrants that was not faced by European immigrants.
Learning Objective: 9-6: Students will understand the contradicting evidence on whether assimilation for new Americans will be segmented or will ultimately follow the pathway established by immigrant groups from Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Case for Segmented Assimilation
Difficulty Level: Medium
25. The program enacted by President Obama that grants a 2-year, renewable reprieve from deportation for DREAMers has faced little political critique.
Learning Objective: 9-4: Students will understand that relations between immigrants and the larger society are animated by a number of issues, including perceptions of the costs and benefits of immigration for the economy and broader society, and concerns about undocumented immigrants.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: DREAMers
Difficulty Level: Medium
26. The majority of immigrants are eligible for most publicly funded services (e.g., Medicaid, “food stamps”).
Learning Objective: 9-4: Students will understand that relations between immigrants and the larger society are animated by a number of issues, including perceptions of the costs and benefits of immigration for the economy and broader society, and concerns about undocumented immigrants.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Use of Public Services
Difficulty Level: Medium
27. Incorporation via the secondary labor market is more typical for immigrants with lower levels of education and fewer job skills.
Learning Objective: 9-5: Students will understand that contemporary immigrants experience three different modes of incorporation: the primary labor market, the secondary labor market, and the enclave. Secondary structural assimilation varies between and within groups and is strongly influenced by the amount of human capital they bring, their race, the attitude of the larger society, and many other factors.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Immigrants and the Secondary Labor Market
Difficulty Level: Medium
28. Higher rates of poverty among Ethiopians is due to their lower educational performance compared to national norms.
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Immigrants From Africa
Difficulty Level: Medium
29. Contemporary immigrants face an economy with greater opportunities for upward mobility when compared with European immigrants of the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Learning Objective: 9-6: Students will understand the contradicting evidence on whether assimilation for new Americans will be segmented or will ultimately follow the pathway established by immigrant groups from Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Case for Segmented Assimilation
Difficulty Level: Medium
30. Over the past 50 years, immigration has flowed from the Global North to the Global South.
Learning Objective: 9-7: Students will understand that contemporary rates of immigration from the Global South to North are shaped by globalization and neoliberalism, which produce vulnerable economic conditions in the South and a continuing demand for cheap labor in the North.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Recent Immigration in Historical and Global Context
Difficulty Level: Easy
Essay
1. Based on the case studies discussed in this chapter, discuss recent immigration from the non-Spanish-speaking Caribbean and Africa to the United States. List and discuss the differences in human capital between these groups. How have their experiences in the United States differed from one another?
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Modes of Incorporation
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. How do Americans feel about immigration (especially illegal immigration) today? What factors contribute to Americans’ views on immigration and, more specifically, about immigrants? What are the costs and benefits of immigration? What legislative changes regarding immigration do you see in our future? What are the positive and negative consequences of those legislative changes?
Learning Objective: 9-4: Students will understand that relations between immigrants and the larger society are animated by a number of issues, including perceptions of the costs and benefits of immigration for the economy and broader society, and concerns about undocumented immigrants.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Immigration: Issues and Controversies
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Analyze the evidence presented in support of the traditional and segmented theories of assimilation, and choose a side in the debate using evidence from the chapter text. What will be the implications of minority groups adhering to either process?
Learning Objective: 9-6: Students will understand the contradicting evidence on whether assimilation for new Americans will be segmented or will ultimately follow the pathway established by immigrant groups from Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Is Contemporary Assimilation Segmented?
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Describe the policies and practices that have been employed to control the flow of undocumented immigrants. How effective have these efforts been? What impacts have these efforts had on the broader society?
Learning Objective: 9-4: Students will understand that relations between immigrants and the larger society are animated by a number of issues, including perceptions of the costs and benefits of immigration for the economy and broader society, and concerns about undocumented immigrants.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Undocumented Immigrants
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Describe the impact of 9/11 on immigration and the reception of immigrants.
Learning Objective: 9-3: Students will understand that the overall levels of anti-immigrant prejudice and discrimination seem to have declined, along with the general decline in explicit, overt racism in American society. However, recent high levels of immigration, as well as events such as 9/11, seem to have increased anti-immigrant prejudice and discrimination, especially in areas with large numbers of immigrants.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: 9/11 and Arab Americans
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Compare and contrast the Hispanic and Asian immigrant groups. What differences exist in terms of human capital and modes of incorporation?
Learning Objective: 9-2: Students will understand the experiences of recent immigrant groups including Hispanic immigrants, non-Hispanic Caribbean immigrants, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, and African immigrants. Some are driven by economic needs, others are political refugees, and some are highly educated. All face multiple issues including racism, institutionalized discrimination, and a changing U.S. economy. Arab Americans remain a special target for hate crimes and for security concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Modes of Incorporation
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Examine the factors that influence the pathways of contemporary immigrants’ incorporation into the economy.
Learning Objective: 9-5: Students will understand that contemporary immigrants experience three different modes of incorporation: the primary labor market, the secondary labor market, and the enclave. Secondary structural assimilation varies between and within groups and is strongly influenced by the amount of human capital they bring, their race, the attitude of the larger society, and many other factors.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Modes of Incorporation
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. As discussed in the chapter, evidence currently supports both the segmented and traditional theories of assimilation for new immigrant groups. How might the Noel and Blauner hypotheses contribute to our understanding of which groups will follow which pathway? How do new immigrants differ from European immigrants and other groups discussed in the text?
Learning Objective: 9-6: Students will understand the contradicting evidence on whether assimilation for new Americans will be segmented or will ultimately follow the pathway established by immigrant groups from Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Is Contemporary Assimilation Segmented?
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Explain the significance of globalization and neoliberalism in shaping immigration trends.
Learning Objective: 9-7: Students will understand that contemporary rates of immigration from the Global South to North are shaped by globalization and neoliberalism, which produce vulnerable economic conditions in the South and a continuing demand for cheap labor in the North.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Recent Immigration in Historical and Global Context
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. How do ideas about what it means to be an American shape perceptions of immigration? Inversely, how does the continued influx of new immigrants influence what it means to be an American?
Learning Objective: 9-8: Students will understand that the experiences of new immigrant groups and attitudes toward immigration policy continue to be shaped by racism, sexism, and perceptions of what it means to be an American.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: New Immigrants and Old Issues
Difficulty Level: Medium
Document Information
Connected Book
Complete Test Bank Diversity and Society 6e with Answers
By Joseph F. Healey