Chapter 50
Diagnostic Imaging
Multiple Choice Questions
1. | Which of the following is an example of an invasive diagnostic procedure?
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2. | Which of the following is characteristic of a noninvasive diagnostic procedure?
A. | It requires the radiologist to insert a catheter or wire into a blood vessel or organ. |
B. | It requires surgical aseptic technique. |
C. | It uses standard X-rays or ultrasound to view internal structures. |
D. | It requires close monitoring of the patient because of the anesthesia. |
E. | A contrast medium is injected into a vein before the procedure. |
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3. | Many contrast media contain ____.
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4. | A patient who is to receive an iodine contrast medium should be asked which of the following questions?
A. | "Are you allergic to eggs?" |
B. | "Are you allergic to chocolate?" |
C. | "Are you allergic to milk?" |
D. | "Are you allergic to shellfish?" |
E. | "Are you allergic to peanuts?" |
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5. | Which of the following uses a contrast medium and fluoroscopy to assist in the diagnosis of abnormalities or injuries in the cartilage, tendons, or ligaments of the joint?
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6. | A cerebral angiography is a test used to diagnose ____.
D. | upper gastrointestinal bleeding |
E. | irregularities of the spinal cord |
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7. | Which of the following outlines the size, shape, and position of urinary organs?
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8. | Which of the following is used to diagnose ulcers, diverticulosis, tumors, and motility problems of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and small intestine?
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9. | Motility problems of the colon and rectum are diagnosed by ____.
B. | gastrointestinal angiography |
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10. | Which diagnostic test is used to detect pyelonephrosis and hydronephrosis?
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11. | Which procedure is diagnostic for irregularities or compressions of the spinal cord?
E. | Gastrointestinal angiography |
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12. | Which of the following is used to diagnose upper GI bleeding?
E. | Gastrointestinal angiography |
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13. | Which procedure includes nonionizing radiation and a strong magnetic field to allow the physician to examine internal structures and soft tissues of any area of the body?
D. | Magnetic resonance imaging |
E. | Intravenous pyelography |
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14. | In which procedure does a radiologist instill barium sulfate through the anus into the rectum and then into the colon?
B. | Nuclear medicine imaging |
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15. | Which instructions should be given to a patient in preparation for a barium enema?
A. | Instruct the patient to follow a clear liquid diet beginning the morning before the procedure |
B. | Tell the patient the procedure will last 4 hours |
C. | Tell the patient to take one tablet of contrast medium every 5 minutes the night before, until six tablets are taken |
D. | Tell the patient he may have a glass of milk the morning of the examination |
E. | Tell the patient it is not necessary to take laxatives or electrolyte solutions for this test |
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16. | Which of the following instructions should be included in the post-procedure care of a patient who has had a barium enema?
A. | Encourage the patient to resume a high-fat diet |
B. | Tell the patient the stools may appear whitish or lighter than usual, but this is normal |
C. | Tell the patient to lie flat for 8 hours after the procedure |
D. | Tell the patient that diarrhea is a frequent side effect of the contrast medium |
E. | Tell the patient to limit water intake for the next 7 days |
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17. | Which of the following involves the oral administration of barium and is also called an upper GI series?
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18. | Which of the following diagnostic procedures may include a double-contrast study in which the combination of air and barium provides a clearer view of structures and allows identification of small lesions?
D. | Magnetic resonance imaging |
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19. | In which procedure does the X-ray camera rotate completely around the patient on a special table while the computer compiles one cross-sectional view from each rotation of the camera?
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20. | Intravenous pyelography is also known as ____.
B. | magnetic resonance imaging |
C. | nuclear medicine kidney scan |
E. | conventional tomography |
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21. | Which of the following is not permitted during patient preparation for a barium enema or an intravenous pyelogram?
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22. | For which diagnostic procedure should a patient take a special drink the night before to help outline the intestines?
B. | CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis |
E. | Retrograde pyelography |
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23. | To determine the status of blood flow or the presence of an aneurysm, narrowing or blockages of vessels, or hemorrhage, which of the following diagnostic procedures would be performed?
E. | Cardiovascular angiography |
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24. | The diagnostic procedure performed by a radiologist, who injects the contrast medium through a urethral catheter and then takes a series of X-rays to evaluate the function of the ureters, bladder, and urethra, is a(n) ____.
B. | intravenous pyelography |
C. | retrograde pyelography |
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25. | Which diagnostic procedure is an X-ray examination of the internal breast tissues?
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26. | Which of the following should be included in the instructions given to a patient who is going to have a closed machine MRI?
A. | Tell the patient to follow an all-liquid diet the day before the procedure |
B. | Explain that the table will be placed inside a long, narrow tube about 22 inches in diameter and that he will hear a loud knocking noise as the machine scans |
C. | Instruct the patient that he will be drinking a barium sulfate drink that tastes chalky and resembles a milk shake |
D. | Tell the patient that the physician may order a laxative to prevent constipation |
E. | Tell the patient to consider avoiding caffeine for 14 days prior to the procedure |
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27. | For which diagnostic procedure would it be important for you to ask if the patient is a metalworker?
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28. | In which diagnostic procedure does the practitioner perform a lumbar puncture, remove some cerebrospinal fluid, and instill a contrast medium to evaluate spinal abnormalities?
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29. | The medical assistant should instruct women not to wear eye makeup when having which diagnostic procedure because eye makeup often contains metallic ingredients.
D. | Magnetic resonance imaging |
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30. | Nuclear medicine is also known as ____.
E. | magnetic resonance imaging |
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31. | Which of the following is characteristic of nuclear medicine?
A. | The patient is exposed to high doses of radiation. |
B. | The technician uses a scanner to detect radiation from the radioisotope and converts it into an image. |
C. | It involves a combination of nonionizing radiation and a magnetic field, and provides images based on the water content of tissues. |
D. | The patient generally has to be NPO for 24 hours prior to the procedure. |
E. | The procedure takes about 15 minutes. |
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32. | Which diagnostic procedure uses a gamma camera to detect signals induced by gamma radiation to locate and determine the extent of brain damage from a stroke?
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33. | The entire body may be scanned for "hot spots" or places where the radioisotope is concentrated, in which procedure?
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34. | The diagnostic procedure that directs high-frequency sound waves through the skin over the area of the body being examined and produces an image based on the echoes is called ____.
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35. | Which of the following is used to treat cancer by preventing cellular reproduction?
D. | Stereotactic radiosurgery |
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36. | A dosimeter is ____.
A. | a form of radiation therapy that allows deep penetration and is used primarily for deep tumors |
B. | the scanner used in nuclear medicine |
C. | a radiation exposure badge that registers the levels of radiation to which a medical staff member is exposed |
D. | the screen that displays images from high-intensity light that is directed through soft tissue |
E. | a machine used to administer therapeutic radiology |
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37. | Which of the following is important in the proper handling and storage of X-rays?
A. | Keep all X-ray films at a temperature between 50º and 70º F |
B. | Store X-ray films on the top with expiration dates on the bottom |
C. | Keep all X-ray films at a humidity level of 80% |
D. | Stack films flat on top of each other |
E. | Open film packages before entering the darkroom |
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38. | Which of the following evaluates the condition of the myocardium through the use of a gamma camera that allows the physician to measure ventricular contractions?
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39. | Which nuclear medicine scan requires the patient to take a capsule of contrast medium on the first day of the scan and then return 24 hours later for a second scan?
C. | Thyroid uptake and scan |
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40. | Which of the following procedures is safe to use in obstetrics to evaluate the developing fetus or to detect multiple fetuses, because it does not expose the patient or the fetus to radiation?
C. | Magnetic resonance imaging |
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41. | Teresa, a 24-year-old gynecologic patient, is scheduled for a pelvic ultrasound at 10:00 AM on Thursday. Teresa asks if there is anything in particular she should do to prepare for the ultrasound. Which of the following instructions should Teresa be given?
A. | Avoid eating fish before the procedure because of its natural iodine content |
B. | Drink three or four glasses of water, without voiding, within 1 hour of the test |
C. | Have a clear liquid dinner the night before the procedure |
D. | Do not eat or drink for 24 hours prior to the procedure |
E. | Eat a nutritious breakfast before arriving for the procedure |
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42. | Which of the following foods are included in a clear liquid diet?
A. | Milk, cream of mushroom soup, and strained peas |
B. | Orange juice, oatmeal, and a strawberry milk shake |
C. | Grapefruit juice, cream of wheat, and pureed meat |
D. | Lemonade, tomato juice, and creamed squash |
E. | Black coffee, tea, and bouillon |
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43. | Which diagnostic procedure requires the patient to avoid eating fish before the procedure?
A. | Thyroid uptake and scan |
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44. | X-ray films are the property of ____.
B. | the radiology facility where they are taken |
C. | the physician who ordered them |
D. | the facility at which they are stored |
E. | both the patient and the physician |
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45. | The medical assistant may be responsible for ____.
A. | injecting the IV contrast medium |
D. | positioning the patient |
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46. | Trey, an 18-year-old soccer player, is in the ER because he injured his knee during tonight's soccer game. The ER physician has ordered an arthrogram of the knee. Which of these statements would you include in your patient teaching to prepare Trey for the arthrography?
A. | "The procedure will take 15 minutes." |
B. | "You will need to lie very still during the procedure." |
C. | "There will be no need to inject contrast medium into the knee." |
D. | "The procedure will be done under general anesthesia." |
E. | "There may be swelling or pain in the joint for 1 or 2 days." |
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47. | Prior to a CT scan with contrast, you should ____.
A. | ask the patient if he has allergies to the contrast media, iodine, or shellfish |
B. | tell the patient the procedure will last 3 hours |
C. | tell the patient he will have to drink a contrast medium |
D. | tell the patient that a written report will be ready 30 minutes after the exam |
E. | tell the patient to hold his breath while the scan is being performed |
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48. | When assisting with an IVP, the medical assistant should ____.
A. | have the patient sit on the table |
B. | tell the patient the contrast media will be eliminated in the stool |
C. | tell the patient to stay in street clothes |
D. | instruct the patient to tell the physician if she becomes short of breath or experiences itching |
E. | tell the patient that the procedure will take about 4 hours |
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49. | The supervisor at your radiology clinic has asked you to conduct a session for new employees on the topic "Reducing Exposure to Radiation." Which of the following ideas would you include in your teaching?
A. | Repeat films frequently to be sure they are accurate |
B. | Always use fluoroscopy to check positioning before taking an X-ray |
C. | Use appropriate lead shielding when taking X-rays |
D. | Leave the dosimeter in the X-ray room so you do not lose it |
E. | Encourage patients to limit mammograms to once every 5 years |
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50. | When teaching the patient about X-ray safety, you should ____.
A. | tell a female patient to avoid X-rays within 5 days of her menstrual cycle |
B. | tell the patient that dental X-rays should be done with wide-beamed plastic cones |
C. | scare the patient about radiation so he won't get too many |
D. | ask the patient about prior exposure and encourage him to keep a record of past exams |
E. | tell the patient to request fluoroscopy instead of standard X-rays because it carries a lower radiation risk |
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51. | Which of these is not a benefit of digital radiology?
A. | Quality images and rapid access |
B. | Increased exposure to radiation |
C. | Decreased time and equipment needed for processing |
D. | Reduced risk of radiation exposure for patient and technician |
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52. | Which of the following is a communications standard for handling, storing, printing, and transmitting information in medical imaging?
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53. | Angie has been working in the radiology center at a local hospital for the last 5 years. This morning, her supervisor called Angie into her office and told her that her last dosimeter reading was above the maximum allowable level. Which of the following is Angie's best response?
A. | Ask for a transfer to another area of the hospital |
B. | Ask the supervisor to cut her hours |
C. | Tell the supervisor the reading must be wrong |
D. | Ask for protective clothing to prevent further exposure |
E. | Review her work practices for radiation safety |
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Fill in the Blank Questions
54. | A diagnostic procedure called ________ uses a contrast medium and fluoroscopy to help diagnose abnormalities or injuries in the cartilage, tendons, or ligaments of the joints.
________________________________________ |
55. | A lower GI (gastrointestinal) series, which provides a series of X-rays of the colon and rectum, is also called a(n) ________.
________________________________________ |
56. | An upper GI series to help diagnose and evaluate obstructions, ulcers, polyps, diverticulosis, tumors, or motility problems of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and small intestine is sometimes called a(n) ________.
________________________________________ |
57. | Localized cancers are treated with ________, in which temporary radioactive implants are placed close to or directly into cancerous tissue.
________________________________________ |
58. | A(n) _______ is a substance that makes internal organs denser and blocks the passage of X-rays to the photographic film.
________________________________________ |
59. | The use of X-ray technology for diagnostic purposes is called diagnostic ________.
________________________________________ |
60. | Also known as excretory urography, ________ is performed to evaluate urinary system abnormalities or trauma to the urinary system.
________________________________________ |
61. | A(n) ________ procedure is one that requires a radiologist to insert a catheter, wire, or other testing device into a patient's blood vessel or organ through the skin or a body orifice and requires surgical aseptic technique.
________________________________________ |
62. | The X-ray examination of the internal breast tissues to help in diagnosing breast abnormalities is called ________.
________________________________________ |
63. | One type of nuclear medicine scan, the ________ scan, evaluates the condition of the heart's myocardium.
________________________________________ |
64. | Standard X-rays and ultrasonography do not require inserting devices or breaking the skin and are therefore considered ________ procedures.
________________________________________ |
65. | Also known as radionuclide imaging, ________ involves the use of radionuclides, or radioisotopes, that are administered orally, intravenously, or through routes that introduce them into organs or body cavities.
________________________________________ |
66. | When used therapeutically, radiology is called ________ therapy and is used to treat cancer by preventing cellular reproduction.
________________________________________ |
67. | The diagnostic procedure ________ pyelography is performed by injecting the contrast medium through a urethral catheter to evaluate function of the ureters, bladder, and urethra.
________________________________________ |
68. | A nuclear medicine procedure called ________ is often used to locate and determine the extent of brain damage from a stroke.
________________________________________ |
69. | ________ is one type of radiation therapy, done as an outpatient procedure that allows deep penetration without damaging superficial tissues and is used primarily for deep tumors.
________________________________________ |
70. | The procedure that directs high-frequency sound waves through the skin over the area of the body being examined and produces an image based on the echoes is ________.
________________________________________ |
71. | The X-ray, discovered in 1895, is a type of ________ wave.
________________________________________ |
72. | Today, X-rays have both diagnostic and ________ uses.
________________________________________ |
73. | A physician who interprets radiologic films for other physicians is a(n) ________.
________________________________________ |
74. | Packages of X-ray film should be opened only in the ________ to avoid exposing or damaging the film.
________________________________________ |
Multiple Choice Questions
75. | Which procedure performed by a radiologist evaluates the function of the bile ducts?
B. | Intravenous pyelography |
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76. | Which screening test, often called bone densitometry, uses small doses of X-rays to determine the mineral density of a patient’s bones?
A. | Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry |
C. | Nuclear ventriculography |
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77. | What score on a DXA scan measures the amount of bone the person has compared to that of young adults?
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Fill in the Blank Questions
78. | A ________ breast biopsy is less painful and less invasive than other conventional excisional breast biopsies and is performed by a physician and a radiologic technologist.
________________________________________ |
79. | A procedure in which a radiologist injects contrast medium directly into the common bile duct either during or after gallbladder surgery is a(n) _________________.
________________________________________ |