Mood Disturbance Depression And Mania Ch8 Exam Prep

Chapter 8

Mood Disturbance: Depression and Mania

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) suggests several typologies of mood disturbances. Which one of the following is not included in the list provided in the text?
2. Cyclothymia
3. Major depressive disorder
4. Bipolar II disorder
5. Minor depressive disorder
6. Based on 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey data, what percent of Canadians met the criteria for a mood disorder at some point in their lives?
7. 12.6
8. 11.5
9. 25.5
10. 10.6
11. Disturbances of mood occur as a result of a complex mix of factors. Which one of the following is not included in the examples given in the text?
12. Social factors
13. Biological factors
14. Environmental factors
15. Dietary factors
16. According to epidemiological studies, what per cent of people report some seasonal influence on mood?
17. 50%
18. 75%
19. 80%
20. 90%
21. According to the text, cellular processes that are controlled by the circadian clock include:
22. Neuroplasticity
23. Glycolysis
24. Muscle contraction
25. DNA and RNA synthesis
26. According to the 2006 Canadian Community Health Survey, what per cent of those surveyed with bipolar disorder abstained from substances over the past year?
27. 15%
28. 55%
29. 20%
30. 25%
31. Approximately 10 to13 per cent of women who experience “baby blues” develop non-psychotic post-partum depression, although rates among low-income urban women can be as high as:
32. 26 %
33. 45 %
34. 50 %
35. 20 %
36. The text outlines several risk factors for the development of post-partum depression. Which one of the following is not included among those outlined?
37. Interpersonal problems with significant relationships
38. Adverse housing conditions
39. Low levels of social support
40. Lack of pre-natal support
41. Mania is frequently diagnosed by the observation of which symptom?
42. Grandiosity
43. Flat affect
44. Reduced energy
45. Relaxed mood
46. What per cent of individuals with bipolar disorder will relapse within one year?
47. 51%
48. 24%
49. 41%
50. 42%
51. Approximately what per cent of people with bipolar disorder will end their lives by suicide?
52. 15%
53. 20%
54. 30%
55. 25%
56. Which one of the following is not included in the text description of treatment approaches for depression?
57. Psychosocial intervention alone
58. Psychosocial intervention plus pharmacotherapy
59. In severe cases, some form of brain stimulation
60. Pharmacotherapy alone
61. Specific approaches in psychosocial intervention for mood disturbances include:
62. Cognitive-behavioural therapy
63. Psychodynamic therapy
64. Transpersonal therapy
65. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
66. Approximately what percent of individuals with major depression and treated with cognitive therapy will relapse within two years if they do not receive some continued treatment?
67. 45%
68. 50%
69. 70%
70. 25%
71. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), involves combining cognitive strategies with which one of the following?
72. Medication
73. Meditation
74. Spirituality
75. Art therapy
76. The text identifies three main eras in the development and use of antidepressants. Which one of the following is not included in the list?
77. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and the tricyclics
78. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
79. Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
80. Proton pump inhibitors
81. An individual who has had two or more depressive episodes is at what percent risk of relapse over the next five years?
82. 20-30%
83. 50-60%
84. 60-80%
85. 70-90%
86. According to Table 8.3, which one of the SNRI’s can have potential withdrawal effects?
87. Prozac
88. Celexa
89. Paxil
90. Zoloft
91. Which psychedelic drug has shown effectiveness in treating depression, yet is not approved for use in Canada?
92. Lysergic acid diethylamide
93. Ketamine
94. MDA
95. Mescaline
96. During which decade did ECT become a common first-line treatment method for psychiatric disorders?
97. 1930’s
98. 1940’s
99. 1950’s
100. 1960’s
101. Which foods consumed in Western diets are associated with higher rates of depression?
102. Leafy greens
103. Soy products
104. Sugars
105. Whole grains
106. One of the goals of pharmacological treatment of mania is:
107. To control the symptoms in the acute phase
108. To provide sedation
109. To prevent tardive dyskinesia
110. To increase depressive symptoms
111. In what percentage of people has lithium carbonate been effective in preventing further manic episodes?
112. 60 to 80 %
113. 40 to 60 %
114. 25 to 50%
115. 50 to 80%
116. The side effects of ECT include:
117. Irritability
118. Amnesia
119. Decreased appetite
120. Increased stamina
121. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was initially used to treat a variety of neurological conditions including:
122. Migraine
123. Alzheimer’s disease
124. Aneurysm
125. Bell's Palsy

True or False Questions

1. The World Health Organization (2018) ranks depression as one of the three leading causes of disability worldwide.
2. There is a greater prevalence of mood disturbances in rural areas than in urban areas in both the United States and Canada.
3. Women are consistently found to have higher rates of bipolar disorder than men.
4. Depression is highly influenced by the social determinants of health, such as healthy child development.
5. Younger people appear to be at higher risk of winter depression than older people.
6. In general, offspring of parents with bipolar disorder are at greater risk of developing a bipolar spectrum disorder than the general population.
7. There is evidence that drugs that increase monoamine neurotransmitters tend to cause depression.
8. Post-partum depression is likely the best example of the interaction between biological and social factors in the development of depression.
9. A more moderate form of bipolar disorder is called cyclothymia.
10. The “stepped-care approach” is a process that matches specific treatment to the needs of the client at a particular point in time and increasing in intensity as the severity of the episode increases.
11. Psychoeducation as an addition to medication significantly increases the risk of relapse.
12. In cognitive behavioural therapy, individuals are taught to challenge negative assumptions.
13. According to Blier (2008), a significant focus in educating the public on medication for mood disturbances should be re-directed towards fearing stigma related to depression.
14. The Cochrane Review of 16 randomized controlled trials (2009) concluded that there is overwhelming evidence to support that SNRIs have improved outcomes over tricyclic anti-depressants.
15. Side effects of light therapy are minimal.

Short Answer Questions

1. List the mood disturbances introduced at the chapter’s introduction.
2. Briefly describe the social, environmental, and biological factors influencing mood disturbances.
3. Briefly describe the three main elements of supported self-management.
4. Briefly describe the central tenets of cognitive therapy.
5. What are the three main eras in the development and use of anti-depressants?