Chapter 8: International Terrorism

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. In the modern era, the international terrorist threat to the global community originated from which of the following?

a. Terrorist groups operating domestically, led by domestic radicals.

b. Support for terrorist movements from rival nations during the 1960s.

c. Nuclear-armed adversaries.

d. An international conspiracy among terrorist movements.

Learning Objective: 8-1: Define international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: International Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Terrorists operate on the “world’s stage” because ______.

a. international attacks reap propaganda benefits that are impossible when attacks are limited to domestic attacks

b. the use of social networking media and the Internet promulgate their message to a global audience

c. media attention is immediate

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 8-1: Define international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: International Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Pragmatism is considered to be a component of which of the following reasons for international terrorism?

a. tactical

b. practical

c. ideological

d. historical

Learning Objective: 8-2: Discuss the reasons for international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pragmatism

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Exploitation by Western interests is referred to as ______.

a. neocolonialism

b. Zionism

c. pragmatism

d. imperialism

Learning Objective: 8-2: Discuss the reasons for international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Neocolonialism

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The concept of the “spillover effect” refers to ______.

a. providing assistance from excess “spillovers” of resources

b. waging revolution or war on the global stage

c. copying the success of other extremist movements

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 8-1: Define international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Spillover Effect

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. ______ presume that state sponsorship guides terrorist behavior but that several governments support their favored groups.

a. Weak multipolar terrorist environments

b. Monolithic terrorist environments

c. Cell-based terrorist environments

d. Strong multipolar terrorist environments

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain terrorist networks and environments.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: International Terrorist Environments

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Which of the following propositions best summarizes the attributes of monolithic terrorist environments?

a. Revolutionary movements are independent of government constraints.

b. Several governments support their favored groups.

c. Several governments support their favored groups, but many of these groups are relatively independent.

d. A single state sponsor supports international terrorism.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain terrorist networks and environments.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Monolithic Terrorist Environments

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Which of the following propositions best summarizes the attributes of strong multipolar terrorist environments?

a. Revolutionary movements are independent of government constraints.

b. Several governments support their favored groups.

c. Several governments support their favored groups, but many of these groups are relatively independent.

d. A single state sponsor supports international terrorism.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain terrorist networks and environments.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Strong Multipolar Terrorist Environments

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Which of the following propositions best summarizes the attributes of weak multipolar terrorist environments?

a. Revolutionary movements are independent of government constraints.

b. Several governments support their favored groups.

c. Several governments support their favored groups, but many of these groups are relatively independent.

d. A single state sponsor supports international terrorism.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain terrorist networks and environments.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Weak Multipolar Terrorist Environments

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Which of the following propositions best summarizes the attributes of cell-based terrorist environments?

a. Revolutionary movements are independent of government constraints.

b. Several governments support their favored groups.

c. Several governments support their favored groups, but many of these groups are relatively independent.

d. A single state sponsor supports international terrorism.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain terrorist networks and environments.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cell-Based Terrorist Environments

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Which of the following propositions best summarizes how the concept of imperialism is used as a justification for international political violence?

a. Jewish interests and civilians represent Western imposition of the state of Israel on Arab and Muslim land, and are therefore legitimate targets.

b. Facilities and employees of multinational corporations represent Western economic exploitation, and are therefore legitimate targets.

c. Ethnic and racial minorities represent the imposition of Western principles of equality, and are therefore legitimate targets.

d. Foreign interests and civilians represent vestiges of Western empire building, and are therefore legitimate targets.

Learning Objective: 8-2: Discuss the reasons for international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Imperialism

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which of the following propositions best summarizes how the concept of neocolonialism is used as a justification for international political violence?

a. Jewish interests and civilians represent Western imposition of the state of Israel on Arab and Muslim land, and are therefore legitimate targets.

b. Facilities and employees of multinational corporations represent Western economic exploitation, and are therefore legitimate targets.

c. Ethnic and racial minorities represent the imposition of Western principles of equality, and are therefore legitimate targets.

d. Foreign interests and civilians represent vestiges of Western empire building, and are therefore legitimate targets.

Learning Objective: 8-2: Discuss the reasons for international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Neocolonialism

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Which of the following propositions best summarizes how the concept of Zionism is used as a justification for international political violence?

a. Jewish interests and civilians represent Western imposition of the state of Israel on Arab and Muslim land, and are therefore legitimate targets.

b. Facilities and employees of multinational corporations represent Western economic exploitation, and are therefore legitimate targets.

c. Ethnic and racial minorities represent the imposition of Western principles of equality, and are therefore legitimate targets.

d. Foreign interests and civilians represent vestiges of Western empire building, and are therefore legitimate targets.

Learning Objective: 8-2: Discuss the reasons for international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Zionism

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Which of the following propositions best explains why international terrorists often select transportation carriers?

a. Transportation carriers often symbolize the nations in which they are incorporated.

b. Many transportation carriers and terminals provide transportation services for international travelers.

c. Maximum publicity will be received within the nations whose citizens are victims of the attack.

d. All of these.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain terrorist networks and environments.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Case: Hijackings as International Spillovers

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Which of the following examples represents a case study for the role of history as a motivation for international terrorism?

a. The Armenian genocide

b. The Afghan case

c. The Red Brigade in Italy

d. Both “the Armenian genocide” and “the Afghan case”

Learning Objective: 8-2: Discuss the reasons for international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reasons for International Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Some “sleeper cells” remain viable by ______.

a. Integrating themselves into the society they will eventually attack

b. Literally remaining indoor and coming out only at night

c. Providing assistance to families of their supporters, in exchange for anonymity

d. All of these

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain terrorist networks and environments.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Case: International Cells

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Groups of terrorists who take up long-term residence in countries prior to attacks are referred to as ______.

a. Crusaders

b. Monoliths

c. Imperialists

d. Sleeper cells

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain terrorist networks and environments.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Case: International Cells

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Which of the following propositions most accurately describes modern international terrorist networks?

a. International terrorist networks are funded and supported by state sponsors.

b. Many networks are thoroughly infiltrated by counterterrorist agencies.

c. International terrorist networks are mainly hierarchical and well-defined.

d. International terrorist movements regularly create cell-based networking configurations.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain terrorist networks and environments.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cell-Based Terrorist Environments

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Perceived efficiency is considered to be a ______ reason for international terrorism.

a. Ideological

b. Practical

c, Tactical

d. Historical

Learning Objective: 8-2: Discuss the reasons for international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reasons for International Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. The international mujahideen represent an example of

a. An international Marxist insurgency.

b. Global Islamist extremism.

c. Nationalist revolutionaries.

d. Proxies of state terrorism.

Learning Objective: 8-4: Understand the international dimension of the New Terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Movement Case: The Afghan Arabs at War

Difficulty Level: Easy

True-False

1. Terrorists engage in international terrorism because it is likely to receive wide publicity.

Learning Objective: 8-2: Discuss the reasons for international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Potential for Maximum Publicity

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The spillover effect refers to domestic politics that “spill over” into the international arena.

Learning Objective: 8-1: Define international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Spillover Effect

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. International terrorist networks tend to be hierarchical and well-defined.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain terrorist networks and environments.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: International Terrorist Networks

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Monolithic terrorist environment model is on state-centered behavior.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain terrorist networks and environments.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Monolithic Terrorist Environments

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. International asymmetrical warfare refers to predictable attacks.

Learning Objective: 8-1: Define international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: International Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. The Armenian Revolutionary Army waged a campaign of international terrorism against Turkish interests in Europe and the United States during the 1950s.

Learning Objective: 8-2: Discuss the reasons for international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reasons for International Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The international mujahideen are an example of dedicated Marxist insurgents

Learning Objective: 8-4: Understand the international dimension of the New Terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Movement Case: The Afghan Arabs at War

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Neocolonialism refers to the domination by Western economic interests of local economies in the developing world.

Learning Objective: 8-2: Discuss the reasons for international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Neocolonialism

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Imperialism refers to broad political domination by foreign interests of a local region or country.

Learning Objective: 8-2: Discuss the reasons for international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Imperialism

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. Why has Europe been a frequent location for international terrorism?

Learning Objective: 8-2: Discuss the reasons for international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Various

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Identify and discuss one to two terrorist environments.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain terrorist networks and environments.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: International Terrorist Environments

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. In what ways has Al Qaeda evolved into a model or an idea rather than an organization?

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain terrorist networks and environments.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Organization Case: Al Qaeda and International Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Briefly critique the proposition that international terrorism is a highly efficient operational option.

Learning Objective: 8-2: Discuss the reasons for international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Practical Reasons: Perceived Efficiency

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Using the Afghan Arabs as an example, what is a potentially ongoing threat scenario from the current war on terrorism?

Learning Objective: Various

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Various

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Briefly explain tactical reasons for international terrorism.

Learning Objective: 8-2: Discuss the reasons for international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Tactical Reasons: Adapting Theory to Operations

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Select and briefly discuss an example of international terrorism which, in your opinion, was successful.

Learning Objective: Various

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Various

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Select and briefly discuss an example of international terrorism which, in your opinion, was unsuccessful.

Learning Objective: Various

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Various

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Identify and discuss the factors that illustrate why terrorism is unacceptable to Western governments.

Learning Objective: 8-2: Discuss the reasons for international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Historical Reasons: Perceptions of International Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Hard

Essay

1. Discuss the attributes of the “spillover effect.” Why does it occur? From the perspective of dissidents, is it a result of practical necessity? Explain your answer.

Learning Objective: 8-1: Define international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Spillover Effect

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Discuss the characteristics of international terrorism in the modern era. How has it evolved in the age of globalization? How has the New Terrorism affected the international terrorist environment?

Learning Objective: 8-4: Understand the international dimension of the New Terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The International Dimension of the New Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. How has “revolutionary solidarity” been a factor in the incidence of international terrorism? Explain how modern political and religious ideologies have affected international terrorism.

Learning Objective: 8-2: Discuss the reasons for international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Ideological Reasons: Modern “isms” and International Revolutionary Solidarity

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Discuss how concepts such as imperialism, neocolonialism, and Zionism are used by extremist to justify international political violence.

Learning Objective: 8-2: Discuss the reasons for international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Ideological Reasons: Modern “isms” and International Revolutionary Solidarity

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Discuss why transportation carriers are selected for attack by terrorists.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain terrorist networks and environments.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Case: Hijackings as International Spillovers

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. How does the example of Armenian terrorist violence against Turkish interests explain the notion that history is a potent motivation for international terrorism?

Learning Objective: 8-2: Discuss the reasons for international terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Reasons for International Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. How has the concept of an international profile greatly expanded the number of potential targets in the modern era?

Learning Objective: Various

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Various

Difficulty Level: Medium