Managing Change and Innovation – Chapter 6 Test Bank with Answers | 11e

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Fundamentals of Management, 11e (Robbins)

Chapter 6 Managing Change and Innovation

1) Change can't be eliminated, so managers must learn to ________ successfully.

A) avoid it

B) ignore it

C) work around it

D) manage it

Diff: 1

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Analytical

2) Which one of the following is an example of a structural organizational change?

A) changing employee attitudes

B) changing work practices

C) purchasing new work equipment

D) changing managerial span of control

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Analytical

3) Which one of the following is an example of a technology change within an organization?

A) forming teams to complete tasks

B) workers using new software

C) workers wanting to telecommute

D) workers wanting flexible hours

Diff: 2

AACSB: Information technology

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Analytical

4) Which one of the following is an organizational "people change?"

A) work methods that people use

B) authority relationships between people

C) attitudes that people have

D) job redesign

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Analytical

5) Which one of the following is an organizational structure change?

A) the building of a new workshop

B) resentment of bosses by employees

C) a new way to package chocolate cake

D) changing who reports to whom

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Application

6) Which one of the following is an organizational technology change?

A) purchase of a new backhoe

B) employees expecting a raise

C) employees accepting a new schedule

D) widening of span of control

Diff: 3

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Application

7) The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is an example of which one of the following forms of environmental change?

A) internal

B) technology

C) government laws and regulations

D) labor markets

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Application

8) Falling interest rates are an example of what kind of external force that causes a company to need to make an organizational change?

A) marketplace competition forces

B) government laws and regulations

C) labor market forces

D) economic forces

Diff: 1

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Application

9) Which one of the following is an internal force that can cause a company to make an organizational change?

A) a new ad campaign

B) new safety requirements

C) a new rival company

D) new pollution laws

Diff: 3

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Application

10) Which one of the following is an external force that would cause a company to make an organizational change?

A) an organization-wide restructuring

B) the naming of a new CEO

C) a widening span of control for managers

D) a booming economy

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Application

11) To compete with rival company X, company Y changes its management structure. This is an example of ________.

A) an internal change causing an external change

B) an internal change causing another internal change

C) an external change causing another external change

D) an external change causing an internal change

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Analytical

12) After a thorough company-wide self-examination, company Y decides to set up work teams. This is an example of ________.

A) an internal change causing an external change

B) an internal change causing another internal change

C) an external change causing another external change

D) an external change causing an internal change

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Analytical

13) A company's workers asking to be able to celebrate Mexican holidays is an example of ________ force for change.

A) an external workforce composition

B) an internal workforce composition

C) an external tactic

D) an internal strategy

Diff: 2

AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Application

14) Labor strikes are an example of what change factor that may encourage a change in management thinking and practices?

A) workforce composition

B) equipment

C) employee attitude

D) strategy

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Application

15) In organizations, people who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing the change process are called ________.

A) managers

B) change agents

C) change managers

D) nonmanagerial employees

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

16) Outside consultants generally try to initiate ________ changes than internal managers.

A) more drastic

B) less drastic

C) more cautious

D) fewer

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Analytical

17) The "calm waters" metaphor envisions an organization as ________.

A) a large ship on a roiling sea

B) a large ship on a calm sea

C) a small raft on a calm sea

D) a small raft on a roiling sea

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

18) The "white-water rapids" metaphor envisions an organization as ________.

A) a large ship on a roiling sea

B) a large ship on a calm sea

C) a small raft on a calm river

D) a small raft on a raging river

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

19) The "white-water rapids" metaphor sees change as ________.

A) an occasional occurrence

B) the natural state of things

C) an unpleasant interruption of the normal calm

D) something that must be eliminated

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

20) Kurt Lewin's "calm waters" metaphor sees change as ________.

A) an unusual event

B) an everyday event

C) unfortunate

D) avoidable

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

21) The first step in Lewin's three-step description of the change process involves ________.

A) freezing the new state

B) changing to a new state

C) unfreezing the status quo

D) changing to a new status quo

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

22) The final step in Lewin's three-step description of the change process is ________.

A) freezing the new state

B) unfreezing the status quo

C) changing to a new state

D) unfreezing the new state

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

23) According to Lewin, which one of the following is a force that might overcome inertia and unfreeze the status quo?

A) increase restraining forces

B) maintain restraining forces

C) decrease driving forces

D) increase driving forces

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

24) According to Lewin, which one of the following is the objective of refreezing?

A) to stabilize the new situation

B) to promote movement away from existing equilibrium

C) to eliminate the need for future change

D) to direct behavior away from the status quo

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

25) According to Lewin, which one of the following is the best way to unfreeze the status quo?

A) increase restraining forces

B) decrease restraining forces and increase driving forces

C) decrease driving forces

D) increase restraining forces and increase driving forces

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

26) The goal in Lewin's "calm waters" metaphor is ________.

A) to change the current equilibrium state

B) to reach a state of constant change

C) to eliminate the equilibrium state

D) to establish a new equilibrium state

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

27) Today, Lewin's "calm waters" metaphor is increasingly thought to be ________.

A) illogical

B) an apt description of the current situation

C) a blueprint for the future

D) obsolete

Diff: 2

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

28) Which phenomenon in today's business climate has made the "white-water rapids" metaphor popular?

A) reduced competition

B) corporations that are too powerful

C) organizations that resist change

D) constant and chaotic change

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

29) Writing laws to reward industries to reduce carbon emissions in an effort to combat global climate change can be best described as an example of which one of the following?

A) unfreezing the status quo

B) freezing a change into place

C) implementing change

D) refreezing the status quo

Diff: 3

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Application

30) Kurt Lewin originated some of his most important group dynamics ideas by studying which one of the following?

A) family vacations during World War I

B) force fields in physics

C) how football has blocking and driving forces

D) family food habits during World War II

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Analytical

31) Lewin's force field analysis identified ________ forces that compete when people try to achieve a goal.

A) physical push-and-pull

B) driving and blocking

C) enormous

D) magnetic

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

32) In terms of change, Lewin's force field analysis might see ________ as a driving force.

A) fear of change

B) inertia

C) reward for change

D) difficulty of change

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

33) Signing up for a college course that varies in length from 2 to 30 weeks with classes that last from 20 minutes to 3 hours is an example of which metaphor of change?

A) three-step model

B) calm-waters

C) white-water rapids

D) force-field

Diff: 1

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Application

34) Organization development (OD) helps employees ________.

A) deal with planned change

B) deal with unplanned change

C) avoid unpleasant change

D) avoid all types of change

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

35) Organization development can be viewed as an attempt to change an organization's ________.

A) structure

B) financial goals

C) culture

D) status

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

36) The most popular OD efforts involve cooperation and these kinds of activities.

A) individual interactions

B) group interactions

C) group assessment

D) individual assessment

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

37) Which one of the following is NOT a common method of organization development (OD)?

A) team-building

B) process consultation

C) positive feedback

D) survey feedback

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Analytical

38) In process consultation, ________ observe and analyze an organization to find ways to improve interpersonal processes.

A) outside consultants

B) top-level managers

C) ordinary employees

D) company efficiency specialists

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Analytical

39) The primary goal of the OD method called teambuilding is to ________.

A) increase efficiency

B) increase trust and openness

C) identify troublemakers

D) play games such as volleyball to build morale

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

40) Organizational change can be any alteration in an organization's people, structure, or technology.

Diff: 1

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

41) Change is something that managers strive to eliminate completely.

Diff: 1

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

42) An example of a change in structure is an organization becoming more decentralized.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

43) A company changing its computer operating system would not be an example of a technology change because no new technological equipment was used.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Information technology

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Application

44) Ongoing changes like software updates are not considered changes in technology because they are changes that are planned and expected.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Information technology

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Analytical

45) An example of changes in people would involve a manager widening her span of control.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Application

46) An aggressive new competitor in the marketplace is an external force that creates a need for organizational change that companies frequently face today.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Application

47) New online advertising technology is an external force that creates a need for organizational change when it causes a company to change its advertising strategy.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Application

48) Labor markets are an internal force that creates a need for organizational change.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

49) The decision of an organization to bring in new equipment from the outside is an example of an external force that creates a need for organizational change.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Application

50) In an organization, only a manager can be a change agent.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

51) Consultants are less likely to be change agents than internal managers.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

52) The "calm waters" metaphor imagines the organization as a large ship crossing a calm sea.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

53) Kurt Lewin sees the first step in change as the freezing of the status quo.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

54) In Lewin's view, the only way to effect change is to increase the driving forces that direct change away from the status quo.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

55) The main idea of the "white-water rapids" metaphor is that change is always destructive.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

56) In the "white-water rapids" metaphor of change, managers should expect change at any time, and it may last for unspecified lengths of time.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

57) The number of managers who face "white-water rapids" metaphor conditions is getting smaller.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

58) Organization development (OD) consists of efforts to help organization members deal with unplanned changes.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

59) One important reason why organization development efforts are needed is that even planned change can be very upsetting to members of an organization.

Diff: 2

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Concept

60) In a short essay, identify and discuss two external forces that bring about the need for change.

The external forces that create the need for change include the marketplace, which can affect companies by requiring them to constantly adapt to changing conditions as new products and rivals appear on the scene. For example, a new rival in the marketplace that features lower prices may cause a company to change its production processes. Another example is a new product that comes on the market may cause one of a company's key products to become obsolete. The company may then choose to innovate and develop new products to compete with the new product.

Governmental laws and regulations are a frequent impetus for change. Companies must adopt new policies and procedures to deal with laws that are involved in such concerns as pollution, safety, diversity, and compensation. For example, a new safety law may dramatically alter the design and production of a new bicycle helmet that a company makes.

Fluctuation in labor markets can often force managers to make changes. Organizations that need special kinds of employees must change their human resource management activities to attract and retain skilled employees in the areas of greatest need. For example, if the market suddenly experiences a shortage of highly skilled technical workers, a company may need to change its hiring or compensation practices to make sure it can secure the employees it needs.

Technological forces can also cause companies to make enormous changes. For example, a small publishing company may now find it possible to do its own production in-house rather than farm it out to vendors. This would require the hiring and training of new staff and the purchase of new facilities, and it would also require managers to learn new skills and techniques.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Critical thinking

61) In a short essay, identify and discuss how internal forces can bring about the need for an organization to change.

An example of an internal change bringing about the need for other changes occurs when a company decides to restructure. For example, a company may decide that it needs to move from a centralized structure to a decentralized structure that features work teams. Forming these teams and making them operational and productive would bring about enormous changes in the way a company does business.

Most internal forces were originally initiated by external forces. For example, the company that chooses to decentralize and form work teams most likely made the decision to restructure in this particular way based on some external force. For example, losing market share (an external force) might have caused the company to decide to be more innovative. This decision to be more innovative in turn brought about the plan to decentralize and form work teams.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Critical thinking

62) In a short essay, describe the "calm waters" view of organizational change.

In this view, any current status quo can be considered a stable equilibrium state. To move from this equilibrium, unfreezing is necessary. Unfreezing can be thought of as preparing for the needed change. Unfreezing can be achieved by increasing driving forces, which are forces that drive change and direct behavior away from the status quo, or by decreasing restraining forces, which are forces that resist change and push behavior toward the status quo, or by combining the two approaches.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Critical thinking

63) In a short essay, describe the "white-water rapids" view of organizational change.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Critical thinking

64) In a short essay, explain the three types of organizational change.

Changing structure includes any change in how a company is organized. For example, any changes that involve altering such things as work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization and decentralization, and formalization would be changes of structure.

Changing technology encompasses modifications in the way work is performed or the methods and equipment that are used. For example, when an organization obtains new equipment or modifies its production line procedure, it is changing the company's technology.

Organizational change in people refers to changes in attitudes, behaviors, expectations, or perceptions that employees have. For example, when employees become committed to a more open, organic, collaborative kind of work culture, an organizational change in people has occurred.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Critical thinking

65) In a short essay, explain organization development (OD).

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Critical thinking

66) In a short essay, list and explain four common organization development (OD) techniques.

Intergroup development—changing the attitudes, stereotypes, and perceptions that work groups have about each other.

Process consultation—an outside consultant helps the manager understand how processes are affecting the way work is being done.

Survey feedback—a technique for assessing attitudes and perceptions and then clarifying problems employees are encountering.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.1: Define organizational change and compare and contrast views on the change process.

Question Category: Critical thinking

67) Which one of the following is a term borrowed from the physical sciences that accurately describes people's resistance to change?

A) energy

B) uncertainty

C) inertia

D) momentum

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Concept

68) Uncertainty causes people to resist change because it ________.

A) replaces the unknown with the known

B) replaces the known with the unknown

C) increases performance expectations of an employee

D) decreases performance expectations of people

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Concept

69) Which one of the following is NOT a common reason that people resist change?

A) habit

B) uncertainty

C) concern over personal loss

D) overconfidence

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Analytical

70) Older workers tend to resist change more than younger workers because they ________.

A) have less invested in the current system

B) have more invested in the current system

C) have confidence in themselves

D) have less to lose

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Analytical

71) Workers seem to reject a simple new manufacturing method that has been shown to increase company sales because they say, "That is not the way we do things around here." These workers are most likely to be resisting change due to which one of the following?

A) uncertainty

B) habit

C) conflicts with company goals

D) fear of the unknown

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Application

72) Which kind of resistance to change is most likely to be beneficial to a company?

A) conflict with company goals

B) uncertainty

C) habit

D) fear of losing status or possessions

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Analytical

73) Employees at a company that emphasizes its personalized customer service protest a change that allows an automatic answering system to answer phone inquiries, claiming that the company is becoming "depersonalized." They are most likely resisting change due to ________.

A) uncertainty

B) habit

C) conflicts with company goals

D) fear of losing status

Diff: 3

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Application

74) Workers in a company are complaining about a new employee evaluation system. Which kind of resistance to change are they demonstrating?

A) resistance out of habit

B) resistance because of uncertainty

C) resistance to protect company goals

D) resistance to protect market share

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Application

75) Managers typically implement programs to reduce resistance to change when employees ________ in some way.

A) become uncomfortable

B) are challenged

C) become self-satisfied

D) become dysfunctional

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Analytical

76) A technique that helps employees deal with change that appeals to their sense of logic is ________.

A) manipulation

B) education and communication

C) coercion or threats to employees

D) co-optation

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Concept

77) A technique that helps employees deal with change that includes them in the decision-making process is ________.

A) education and communication

B) negotiation

C) participation

D) coercion

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Concept

78) If several efforts between a manager and an employee for reducing resistance to change fail to allay employee fears, a manager might take him- or herself out of the process and try this.

A) facilitation and support

B) negotiation between parties

C) manipulation

D) participation

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Application

79) When an entire workforce threatens to go on strike to protest a work change, managers might try this method of reducing resistance to change.

A) education and communication

B) participation

C) facilitation and support

D) negotiation

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Analytical

80) When managers threaten to fire workers unless they agree to go along with new company policies, they are using which one of the following?

A) negotiation

B) coercion

C) manipulation

D) education and communication

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Analytical

81) Which method of reducing resistance to change is most likely to backfire on the manager who uses it?

A) education and communication

B) negotiation

C) participation

D) manipulation

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Analytical

82) When a manager attempts to covertly influence others by distorting the facts, he is using which one of the following methods of reducing resistance to change?

A) manipulation

B) education

C) coercion

D) negotiation

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Concept

83) One reason people resist change is that it goes against our habits.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Analytical

84) Change threatens the investment you've already made in the status quo.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Concept

85) Negotiation twists and distorts facts to reduce resistance to change.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Concept

86) Education is a good way to overcome resistance to change due to misinformation.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Concept

87) A manager who twists facts to make change seem less disruptive is using the technique of coercion.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Concept

88) A manager who mentions that supervisors might lose their jobs if they don't go along with a change is using the technique of coercion.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Application

89) Allowing employees to participate in the change process is NOT a common way to deal with resistance to organizational change.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Concept

90) In a short essay, discuss why people resist change due to uncertainty. Include an example to support your answer.

For example, when a company instructs its employees to use a new software program, the employees are likely to resist the change because they are uncomfortable with learning something new. They might resist learning the new program even if it can be shown to be an improvement over the old program. They are comfortable with what they have, and they suspect (perhaps erroneously) that the new program might not have the same old features that they like and are used to, so they resist the change.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Critical thinking

91) In a short essay, discuss why people resist change due to the fear of losing possessions or status. Include an example to support your answer.

For example, suppose a scientific research company decides to reward employees strictly on new discoveries that they make or contribute to. Young, ambitious workers who haven't accomplished much yet might think this is a great idea. Older workers who in a sense are resting on accomplishments and status established in the past, however, might see the new system as a threat: they are giving up their old standing and forced to earn their new standing. Understandably, these older workers might feel threatened and would resist such a change.

The preceding helps explain why older workers tend to resist change more than younger workers. Older employees have generally invested more in the current system and thus have more to lose by changing.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Critical thinking

92) In a short essay, discuss why people resist change when they think it is incompatible with organizational goals. Include an example to support your answer.

The individual might have gained nothing from the turkey program, but she genuinely believes that though the program was costly to run and generated almost no new customers directly, indirectly it generated a lot of goodwill and in the long run increased employee morale, product loyalty, and ultimately profits.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.2: Explain how to manage resistance to change.

Question Category: Critical thinking

93) Stress in the workplace is an adverse reaction that people have in response to ________.

A) lack of ambition

B) demands, constraints, and opportunities

C) having too much confidence in oneself

D) too much ambition

Diff: 2

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Application

94) An actor on stage getting "up" for a performance is an example of which one of the following?

A) a negative aspect of stress

B) a positive aspect of stress

C) a condition not related to stress

D) both a positive and a negative aspect of stress

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Application

95) Stress is most frequently associated with ________ only.

A) demands and constraints

B) opportunities and habits

C) opportunities and fear

D) demands and pressures

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Analytical

96) Which statement is correct?

A) Stress is always bad.

B) Stress can be bad or good.

C) Stress is always good.

D) Stress can never be good.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Concept

97) A constraint causes stress because it ________.

A) helps you achieve your goal

B) prevents you from achieving your goal

C) helps you define your goal

D) prevents you from defining your goal

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Concept

98) Potential stress can become actual stress when the outcome of an event is uncertain and ________.

A) not important to the individual

B) hard for the individual to understand

C) occurs on a regular basis

D) important to the individual

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Concept

99) Potential stress can become actual stress when the outcome of an event is both ________ and important to the individual.

A) uncertain

B) certain

C) meaningful

D) significant

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Concept

100) In Japan, the term used to describe death from overwork is ________.

A) rensei

B) karoshi

C) hanko

D) buka

Diff: 1

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Concept

101) Which one of the following countries reports the highest level of employee stress?

A) China

B) India

C) United Kingdom

D) United States

Diff: 2

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Analytical

102) This type of stress allows a person to perform at their highest levels during times when performance is important.

A) dysfunctional

B) behavioral

C) functional

D) psychological

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Concept

103) Which type of demand is related to working conditions, such as having an office that is too loud or overcrowded?

A) task demands

B) role demands

C) interpersonal demands

D) organizational structure demands

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Application

104) Which one of the following is NOT a role demand that may cause stress for employees?

A) role conflict

B) cultural roles

C) role overload

D) role ambiguity

Diff: 1

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Concept

105) What percentage of millennial employees say that they are stressed more or all the time?

A) about 67%

B) about 50%

C) about 30%

D) about 15%

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Analytical

106) A baseball player in a slump who feels stress from trying to raise his batting average is experiencing ________ stress.

A) task demand

B) role demand

C) role conflict

D) interpersonal

Diff: 3

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Application

107) A light-hitting baseball player who is suddenly asked to be a power hitter and hit home runs would be likely to experience ________ stress.

A) role overload

B) role demand

C) role conflict

D) role ambiguity

Diff: 3

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Application

108) A head football coach who tries to coach every phase of the team—offense, defense, and special teams—rather than delegate authority is likely to suffer from ________.

A) task demand

B) interpersonal demand

C) role conflict

D) role overload

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Application

109) Which one of the following might reduce a sense of task demand stress for a worker?

A) overcrowded conditions

B) uncomfortably high temperatures in the workplace

C) autonomy in the workplace

D) close monitoring by her supervisor

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Analytical

110) Which one of the following might be a source of stress for an employee who is very happy with her job with respect to the tasks she performs, what is expected from her, and how she is supervised?

A) task demands

B) role overload

C) interpersonal demands

D) organizational leadership

Diff: 3

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Application

111) Anika loves being a professional dancer, but she feels stress from the tension-packed, high-pressure, fear-filled demands of helping motivate members of her group. She is likely to be experiencing stress from ________.

A) too much autonomy

B) organizational leadership

C) role overload

D) role ambiguity

Diff: 3

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Application

112) George constantly strives to excel. He must always get the highest grade in the class and has a sense of urgency about him at all times. George probably has which one of the following?

A) Type A personality

B) Type B personality

C) both Type A and Type B personalities

D) neither Type A nor Type B personality

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Application

113) Mio is a very relaxed, easygoing person who appears to have all the time in the world. She is never too busy to stop and chat for a moment. Mio has which one of the following?

A) Type A personality

B) Type B personality

C) both Type A and Type B personalities

D) neither Type A nor Type B personality

Diff: 1

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Application

114) A key to dealing with stress is to recognize that all stress ________.

A) leads to dysfunctional work behavior

B) can be eliminated from an employee's life

C) cannot be eliminated from an employee's life

D) originates on the job

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Concept

115) To reduce stress, managers need to make sure that employees ________.

A) have jobs that match their abilities

B) maximize their productivity

C) don't work too many hours

D) don't work too few hours

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Analytical

116) Job redesigns are good ways to reduce stress that employees feel from ________.

A) work overload or boredom

B) work overload only

C) boredom only

D) boredom overload

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Analytical

117) Stress from an employee's personal life can best be helped by ________.

A) job redesign

B) MBO

C) employee assistance programs

D) performance planning programs

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Analytical

118) Studies show that ________ personalities show negative effects from stress.

A) Type A

B) Type B

C) neither Type A nor Type B

D) both Type A and Type B

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Concept

119) What is the purpose of employee assistance programs (EAPs)?

A) to help employees with their diets

B) to help lower employee task demands

C) to get employees back to being productive

D) to help minorities cope with potential discrimination

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Concept

120) Stress can arise from an opportunity.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Concept

121) Workplace stress in some countries has been linked to employee death.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Concept

122) Stress isn't always bad for an individual.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Concept

123) Working conditions, in general, do not influence stress.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Concept

124) An employee who feels pressure to keep pace with work quotas is experiencing task demand stress.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Application

125) An employee who feels unsettled because he is not sure what his responsibilities are is experiencing role overload stress.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Application

126) Role conflict is created when an employee does not feel confident that he or she can achieve his or her goals.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Concept

127) Type A personality people find it easy to relax.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Concept

128) Managers should aspire to eliminate all stress from the work environment.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Concept

129) An effective way to reduce workplace stress is to make sure that employees are appropriately matched to their jobs.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Concept

130) In a short essay, explain what stress is and how it arises.

When you have your annual performance review at work, you feel stress because you confront opportunity, constraints, and demands. A good performance review may lead to opportunity—a promotion, greater responsibilities, and a higher salary. A poor review may keep you from getting the promotion or even may result in your being demoted in some way.

Just because the conditions are right for stress to surface, however, doesn't always mean it will. Two conditions are necessary for potential stress to become actual stress. First, there must be uncertainty over the outcome, and second, the outcome must be important to the individual.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Critical thinking

131) In a short essay, discuss some causes of stress in the workplace.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Critical thinking

132) In a short essay, discuss ways that managers can help to reduce job-related stress for their employees.

Job redesign is also a way to reduce stress. If stress can be traced to boredom or to work overload, jobs should be redesigned to increase challenge or to reduce the workload. Redesigns that increase opportunities for employees to participate in decisions and to gain social support have also been found to lessen stress.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Critical thinking

133) In a short essay, discuss ways that managers can help to reduce stress for their employees that originates outside of the workplace.

Second, there are ethical issues to consider when dealing with an employee's personal life. Specifically, does the manager have the right to intrude—even in seemingly innocuous ways—in an employee's personal life?

If a manager believes that he or she is not overstepping ethical boundaries and the employee is receptive, there are two major approaches the manager can consider: employee assistance programs and wellness programs.

Employee assistance programs can provide counseling, advice, and other forms of assistance for employees for troubles that include alcoholism, finances, and legal issues.

Employee wellness programs can help employees with such things as weight control, smoking, physical fitness, nutrition, and violence issues.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.3: Describe what managers need to know about employee stress.

Question Category: Critical thinking

134) ________ refers to the ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to make unusual associations between ideas.

A) Innovation

B) Imagination

C) Creativity

D) Open-minded thinking

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Concept

135) ________ is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into something useful.

A) Innovation

B) Imagination

C) Creativity

D) Inspiration

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Concept

136) Some people believe that creativity is ________, while others think that creativity ________.

A) quickly and easily learned; is slowly learned

B) a genuine quality; does not really exist

C) inborn; can be learned

D) learned; is forgotten after childhood

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Concept

137) The first step in creativity involves ________.

A) making something useful

B) seeing things from a unique perspective

C) putting ideas together

D) consolidating ideas

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Analytical

138) Which one of the following steps in the creativity process may take years before the idea finally "gels" and the next step occurs?

A) perception

B) incubation

C) inspiration

D) innovation

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Concept

139) The moment when all prior efforts in the creativity process successfully come together is known as ________.

A) perception

B) incubation

C) inspiration

D) innovation

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Concept

140) Using the systems model, managers can promote innovation by having the right ________.

A) people and inputs

B) people and environment

C) outputs and resources

D) mechanistic management structure

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Concept

141) ________ variables are thought to promote innovation.

A) Structural, cultural, and human resource

B) Organic, cultural, and tolerant

C) Structural, ambiguous, and tolerant

D) Cultural, ambiguous, and tolerant

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Analytical

142) An innovative organization needs to tolerate ________ because creative ideas sometimes seem foolish at first.

A) mismanagement

B) the impractical

C) conflict

D) inefficiency

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Analytical

143) An innovative organization needs to tolerate risk because employees ________ the creative process.

A) being in physical danger is part of

B) being in physical danger is not part of

C) making mistakes is not part of

D) making mistakes is part of

Diff: 1

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Analytical

144) Managers who want creative and innovative employees should ________.

A) not place much emphasis on goals

B) focus on means rather than ends

C) focus on ends rather than means

D) stress that there is only one path to a goal

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Analytical

145) ________ actively support innovation and every step of the process that leads to innovative ideas.

A) Idea champions

B) Idea managers

C) All managers

D) Champion managers

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Concept

146) All of the following are common personality characteristics of idea champions EXCEPT ________.

A) extremely high self-confidence

B) persistence

C) energy

D) risk aversion

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Concept

147) Creativity is the ability to make unusual and meaningful associations between ideas.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Concept

148) Inspiration marks the first step in the creative process.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Concept

149) Organic organizations tend to inhibit innovation.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Analytical

150) Time deadlines tend to increase innovation.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Concept

151) Idea champions tend to be risk takers.

Diff: 2

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Concept

152) In a short essay, define and discuss creativity and innovation in the workplace.

Innovation is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into a useful product, service, or method of operation. An innovative organization is characterized by its ability to channel creativity into useful outcomes. When managers talk about changing an organization to make it more creative, they usually mean they want to stimulate and nurture innovation.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Critical thinking

153) In a short essay, discuss the three sets of variables that have been found to stimulate innovation.

Structural variables: Research into the effect of structural variables on innovation shows that organic structures positively influence innovation. Also, the easy availability of plentiful resources provides a key building block for innovation. Third, frequent inter-unit communication helps break down barriers to innovation.

Cultural variables: Innovative organizations tend to have similar cultures. They encourage experimentation, reward both successes and failures, have few rules, tolerate risks, conflict, and impracticalities, provide lots of positive feedback, and tend to focus on ends rather than means.

Human resource variables: Within the human resource category, innovative organizations actively promote the training and development of their members so that their knowledge remains current, offer their employees high job security to reduce the fear of getting fired for making mistakes, and encourage individuals to become "champions" of change.

Diff: 3

AACSB: Analytical thinking

LO: 6.4: Discuss techniques for stimulating innovation.

Question Category: Critical thinking

154) Samll community libraries are facing ________ from electronic devices such as Kindle and online reading services.

A) continuous innovation

B) sustaining innovation

C) creative inspiration

D) disruptive innovation

Diff: 1

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.5: Explain what disruptive innovation is and why managing it is important.

Question Category: Application

155) Majico, Inc., has a small team that works in a separate building on projects tangentially related to the company's main mission. They self-govern and have access to ample resources, most of it off-budget. They are free from the bureaucratic restraints placed on the "official" workforce. This team comprises a ________.

A) badger team

B) skunk works

C) creative response team

D) sustaining innovation team

Diff: 2

AACSB: Application of knowledge

LO: 6.5: Explain what disruptive innovation is and why managing it is important.

Question Category: Application