Jewish Identity and Faith Chapter.3 Test Bank Answers 7e

Test Bank

to accompany

World Religions Today, Seventh Edition

Esposito • Fasching • Lewis • Feldmeier

Chapter 3

Jewish Identity and Faith

NOTE: Questions marked with “(w)” also appear in the student review quizzes on Oxford Learning Link.

Multiple Choice

1. Rabbinic Judaism codified discussions, debates, and commentary on the Torah to form the

a. Bible.

b. Mishnah.

c. Torah.

d. Israeli Constitution.

2. (w) According to Judaism, the ideal of life is

a. Eliminating desire.

b. Achieving balance and harmony with nature.

c. Strictly adhering to Jewish dogma.

d. Living in harmony with the will of God.

3. Of all the great world religions, in size Judaism is the

a. Second smallest.

b. Third largest.

c. Smallest.

d. Fourth largest.

4. (w) What form of Judaism provided the expected norms for Jewish life from the sixth century ce until the emergence of modern forms of Judaism in the nineteenth century?

a. Rabbinic.

b. Orthodox.

c. Reform.

d. Conservative.

5. (w) According to Judaism, the way of life that God gave Israel to follow is embodied in the

a. 412 commandments.

b. 613 commandments.

c. 12 commandments.

d. 1,000 commandments.

6. The Jewish movement that parallels Christianity’s fundamentalist response to modernity is called

a. Orthodoxy.

b. Ultra-Orthodoxy.

c. Reconstructionism.

d. Reformism.

7. (w) The late-twentieth-century ultra-Orthodox movement sought to

a. Eliminate supernatural beliefs.

b. Eliminate ritual.

c. Eliminate Jewish ghettos.

d. Recapture the way of life of premodern Jews.

8. Which of the following is NOT included in the Tanakh?

a. Ketuvim.

b. Torah.

c. Revelation.

d. Neviim.

9. (w) Which movement would be MOST likely to accommodate the most aspects of modern secular life?

a. Reform Judaism.

b. Orthodox Judaism.

c. Conservative Judaism.

d. Hasidism.

10. (w) The two constellations of events that have shaped modern Judaism above all else are the

a. Enlightenment and the Holocaust/founding of the state of Israel.

b. Enlightenment and the Romantic period.

c. Nineteenth-century immigration to Israel and to the United States.

d. The Holocaust and the Romantic period.

11. The influence of the ultra-Orthodox since the mid-1970s has

a. Declined slightly.

b. Increased.

c. Stayed about the same.

d. Fallen sharply.

12. (w) The Talmud is composed of the

a. Gemara and Mishnah.

b. Covenant and Gemara.

c. Halakhah and Mishnah.

d. Gemara and Halakhah.

13. In the time of the judges, when a national crisis occurred, Israel looked to

a. A king to protect them.

b. Moses to lead them.

c. A charismatic leader called a shofet.

d. The Torah to shield them.

14. (w) Which group of Jews selected the scriptures that became the Tanakh, or the Hebrew Bible?

a. Sadducees.

b. Zealots.

c. Hellenists.

d. Pharisees.

15. To understand the God of Israel, you would look to

a. History.

b. Nature.

c. Karma.

d. Ritual.

16. (w) The Second Temple Period ended with the

a. Greek rule.

b. Roman rule.

c. Babylonian rule.

d. Roman destruction of the temple.

17. The king who first established Israel as a great nation was

a. Aaron.

b. David.

c. Solomon.

d. Abraham.

18. (w) The word “Diaspora” refers to

a. Jews escaping Babylon.

b. Jews dispersed throughout the world.

c. Compassionate justice.

d. Jews being the chosen people.

19. (w) After the destruction of the temple in 70 ce, which one of the following was NOT a reason that the Pharisees were able to provide new leadership?

a. They had remained politically neutral and, therefore, were not a threat to the Romans.

b. They were keepers of the written Torah.

c. They were keepers of the synagogue tradition.

d. They were keepers of the oral Torah.

20. (w) What one thing, especially, carried Jews forward after the devastation of the Holocaust?

a. The founding of the state of Israel.

b. Reparations from Germany.

c. Immigration to the United States.

d. Knowing they always had the Diaspora.

21. Which Jewish holiday recalls God’s liberation of the tribes of Israel from Egypt?

a. Yom Kippur.

b. The Sabbath.

c. Rosh Hashanah.

d. Passover.

22. In medieval Europe, Jew were considered

a. Friends.

b. Rulers.

c. Outsiders.

d. None of the above.

23. (w) To teach a Jew how to walk with God, the Talmud focuses primarily on

a. Believing the stories.

b. Following the commandments.

c. Instructions for achieving a mystical experience.

d. Apocalyptic expectations.

24. (w) Hasidic Judaism emerged out of

a. The time of the judges.

b. The mystical impulse of the Kabbalah.

c. The creation story.

d. The prophets.

25. (w) For Reform Jews, the essence of Judaism is

a. Ethics.

b. Myth and ritual.

c. Supernatural beliefs.

d. Separation from other Jewish movements.

26. (w) Which holiday represents the Jewish New Year?

a. Passover.

b. The Sabbath.

c. Rosh Hashanah.

d. Hanukkah.

27. The diaspora are the Jews who

a. Live in Israel.

b. Attend the Synagogue.

c. Live outside of the Holy Land.

d. Live in Rome.

28. (w) What movement marks the clear emergence of Jewish mysticism?

a. The Zealots.

b. The Kabbalists.

c. The Amoraim.

d. The Tannaim.

29. In preparation for bar mitzvah, a boy must

a. Make pilgrimage.

b. Fast.

c. Undergo specific rabbinic training.

d. Reject the world.

30. The Palestinian Liberation Organization began warfare against Israel after the

a. First Crusade.

b. 1973 War.

c. Last Crusade.

d. 1967 Six-Day War.

31. Which of the following is NOT a movement that resulted from the first wave of Jewish responses to the emergence of a modern world?

a. Reform.

b. Orthodox.

c. Kabbalism.

d. Conservative.

32. The European secularization of Jews along with political and economic success caused

a. The Crusades.

b. A racial backlash.

c. Preferred status for Jews.

d. World War I.

33. The word “Zion” is an ancient biblical term that referred to what city?

a. Bethlehem.

b. Rome.

c. Nazareth.

d. Jerusalem.

34. (w) The Jewish socialists considered what feature to identify themselves?

a. Universal ethics.

b. Ethnicity.

c. Orthodox dogma.

d. Orthodox messianism.

35. The students of which Rabbi were the primary shapers of the Mishnah?

a. Socrates.

b. David.

c. Aaron.

d. Hillel.

36. (w) The torah was given by God to

a. The Judges.

b. King David.

c. Moses.

d. Abraham.

37. During the ritual of Bris milah, the male child is

a. Circumcised and vaccinated.

b. Circumcised and named.

c. Circumcised and baptized.

d. Given a charm.

38. Which one of the following Jewish communities would embrace the ritual of bat mitzvah?

a. Orthodox.

b. Ultra-Orthodox.

c. Reform.

d. All of the above.

39. (w) After the burial of a loved one who has died, the immediate family of mourners remains at home for how long?

a. Three days.

b. Five days.

c. Seven days.

d. Twelve days.

40. What event inspired the Jewish journalist Theodor Herzl to organize the political Zionist movement?

a. The Scopes Trial.

b. The Dreyfus Affair.

c. The Balfour Declaration.

d. Formation of the Palestinian Liberation Organization.

True/False

1. (w) The ultra-Orthodox movement seeks to partially separate from modernizing forms of Judaism and also the surrounding gentile world.

2. Purim is the least raucous of all Jewish festivals.

3. Judaism is the largest of the great world religions.

4. (w) None of the modern forms of Judaism has anything in common with the others.

5. King David was the first king of Israel.

6. (w) The ultra-Orthodox include a strain called the Hasidic movement.

7. “Haredim” means a harem of 10 or more Jewish women.

8. Orthodox Judaism arose to reinforce the teachings of the Reform movement.

9. (w) The rise of ultra-Orthodoxy furthers and supports the Zionistic movement.

10. (w) It was King David’s son Solomon who established Israel as a nation.

11. Conservative Judaism aimed for a positive historical Judaism.

12. (w) The Second Temple Period began with King Solomon.

13. The Holocaust ended the tradition of Synagogue attendance.

14. (w) Modernists share fundamentalists’ fear that time and history will raise questions about their sacred stories.

15. (w) Medieval Christians believed themselves to be God’s chosen people.

16. The late Middle Ages in Europe is understood as one of the safest times to be Jewish in the centuries leading up to the Holocaust.

17. (w) The Pharisees had a strong presence at the temple as part of the priestly tradition.

18. In the first century, all sects agreed on the definition of “messiah.”

19. The Maccabean revolt occurred before the building of the temple.

20. (w) Religious Jews are a minority of the population in Israel.

21. After the destruction of the second temple, the Pharisees successfully emerged as the new leaders.

22. The ultra-Orthodox are not willing to negotiate some aspects of privatizing Judaism.

23. (w) The story of exile and return is not currently a part of Jewish thought.

24. The Hellenists welcomed gentiles into the fold.

25. (w) After a boy becomes a bar mitzvah at age 13, he is considered an adult and can be part of a minyan.

26. (w) It was the teachings of Shammai in the first century that primarily shaped the emerging Talmudic tradition.

27. (w) The Pentateuch refers to the first five books found in the Hebrew Bible.

28. Because the Talmud was completed by the sixth century, there is no possibility of continued development of the oral Torah.

29. The prophets were visionaries and seers.

30. (w) For Jews studying the Talmud, God is in the questions even more than in the answers.

31. The Torah dictates that circumcision is negotiable for male children born to Jewish mothers.

32. (w) Jewish women in Hassidic communities enjoy the most gender equality compared to other forms of Judaism.

33. Of Hillel and Shammai, two leading teachers of oral tradition, Hillel interpreted the demands of the Torah more leniently and compassionately.

34. (w) The dual Torah refers to the sacred oral and written teachings concerning God’s revelation to his people.

35. Rabbinic Judaism developed the Talmud which provided Medieval Judaism with law and interpretation.

36. (w) The destruction of the temple in 70 ce increased the numbers of the diverse sects and movements in Judaism.

37. (w) To understand who the God of Israel is, you should look to history as the story of the Jewish people’s journey through time.

38. (w) Hasidism emerged from the rabbinic tradition.

39. The commandments of the Bible are the what of Judaism.

40. The groom and bride stand as an image of Adam and Eve in the Jewish marriage ritual.

Fill in the Blank

1. In the ritual of Bris or Bit Milan, it is required of any male that he undergo _______ when eight days old.

2. (w) The _______ is the great commentary on the Jewish Torah.

3. (w) The Hasidic movement is one expression or strain of _______.

4. The disputes between Hillel and Shammai and the schools they started set the tone of disputation and dialogue that is characteristic of the _______.

5. (w) Of the three major modernist forms of Judaism, the most liberal form in embracing modern secular life is _______.

6. (w) It is the _______ at Sinai that defines Jewish people religiously more than anything else.

7. The time of the _______ marked an era in which the nation of Israel looked to charismatic leaders rather than a formal king to deliver them.

8. (w) The Second _______ Period ended with the destruction of the temple by the Romans.

9. (w) A teacher of the Torah is called a _______.

10. The 613 commandments that are God’s law are collectively called _______.

11. In the Jewish narrative of creation, _______ caused a rupture in the original harmony.

12. (w) In a synagogue, the place where the Hebrew Bible is stored is called an _______.

13. (w) The Torah is also known as the _______, or five books attributed to Moses.

14. (w) _______ viewed Jewish possession of a state of their own as the only viable solution to persecution.

15. (w) Every Jewish male child is _______ and _______ when he is eight days old.

16. The word _______ means “wrestler with God.”

17. (w) Not until the end of the first century did the _______, the Bible of Judaism, come into existence.

18. The _______ declared the State of Israel in 1949.

19. (w) The students of _______ were the primary shapers of the Mishnah, the writings that form the core of the Talmud.

20. Between the second and fifth centuries, _______ systematized discussions, debates, and conclusions about the Torah into the Talmud.

21. _______ led the exodus from Egypt and received the Torah from God.

22. The mystical impulse of _______ was embodied in the Hasidic movement.

23. An amalgam of Hebrew and German, _______ developed in among European Jews.

24. (w) In the new model of life for Jews after the destruction of the temple, the center of Jewish life shifted from priest to rabbi and from the temple to the _______.

25. _______ and Reform synagogues worship together.

26. (w) By the end of the nineteenth century, with a new secular definition replacing the old religious definition, Jews became defined as a _______.

27. A _______ is composed of at least 10 adult males and is required for any Jewish worship service.

28. When Jacob wrestled with God and prevailed, he received a new name from God: _______.

29. Of the few sects that survived after 70 CE, it was the _______ that emerged to provide new leadership to the Jewish people.

30. At a Jewish wedding ceremony, it is customary for the groom to step on and break a glass, which symbolizes the fall of the second _______.

31. (w) Only the _______ branch of Judaism has as its goal to deprivatize Judaism, so that its religious vision can shape all of public life.

32. The _______ Jews were considered European Jews and lived in their own neighborhoods.

33. The greatest equality for women among the forms of religious Judaism would be found in _______ Judaism.

34. (w) Christians call the Tanakh, or Hebrew Bible, the _______.

35. (w) The holiday of _______ celebrates the liberation and redemption of the Exodus.

36. (w) _______, deeply shaped by Kabbalistic mysticism, came into its own in Eastern Europe in the eighteenth century.

37. The establishment and development of _______ was a significant turning point in the emergence of a postcolonial post-Holocaust Judaism.

38. (w) The destruction of the temple in 70 ce brought to an end the _______ of the various movements and sects within Judaism that existed in the first century.

39. Ultra-Orthodox Jews tend to be the least _______ because Israel is a secular state in existence before the time of the messiah.

40. (w) _______ Judaism became, in many ways, the mirror image of Reform Judaism.

Discussion

1. (w) Explain the significance of oral tradition to Judaism.

2. Briefly describe the Hasidic movement and explain the difference it made for the acceptance of Jewish mysticism.

3. Explain the significance of the Jewish wedding ceremony. What is unique? How does performative symbolism relate to ritual, belief, or relationship to God? How does it include community?

4. (w) What is the significance of the two-part Jewish creation narrative?

5. Explain the importance of the delivery of the Torah by God to Moses.

6. (w) Describe the characteristics and goals which fundamentalist movements, including ultra-Orthodoxy, have in common.

7. Discuss the origins of Zionism.

8. How did the history of premodern Israel shape modern and postmodern Israel?

9. (w) In what ways did the Nazis go beyond traditional Christian anti-Jewish teachings in their attempt at genocide?

10. (w) Describe why most religious traditions generally view mystics with mistrust. How does this compare to the view of Kabbalists in Judaism?

11. Why did the Pharisees emerge as the new leaders and help Jews forge a new identity after the destruction of the temple in 70 ce?

12. (w) Discuss the significance of the Talmud and how it relates to the Torah.