Interest Groups Chapter 13 Verified Test Bank - Test Bank | Keeping the Republic 9e by Barbour by Christine Barbour. DOCX document preview.
Test Bank
Chapter 13: Interest Groups
Multiple Choice
1. One major criticism of interest groups is that they ______.
a. have too much power
b. they tend to focus on issues of a local nature
c. they ignore the rights of minorities
d. often support corrupt politicians
e. cannot support large member networks
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
2. The authors argue that those interest groups with greater resources tend to ______.
a. have the least effective leadership
b. have a good understanding of the political process
c. show stronger support for the closing of the “revolving door”
d. donate most of their money at the local level
e. draw membership from across the economic spectrum
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Formation and Role of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
3. Americans ______.
a. are much more likely to belong to interest groups than are citizens of other nations
b. are much less likely to belong to interest groups than are citizens of other nations
c. don’t have any choices when it comes to joining an interest group
d. are willing to join groups that are not involved in politics, but they shy away from groups that engage in political activity
e. prefer to belong to political groups rather than other groups
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
4. Interest groups perform all of the following roles in politics EXCEPT ______.
a. representing their members’ views to government
b. electing members to public office
c. providing an avenue for citizen participation in politics
d. educating policymakers regarding issues important to the interest group
e. alerting the proper government authorities to get an issue on the political agenda
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Formation and Role of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Hard
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
5. Interest groups are formed with the common goal of ______.
a. influencing public policy decisions
b. reforming the electoral process
c. opposing other interest groups
d. electing their members to political office
e. rooting out political corruption
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
6. Political action committees, or PACs, are ______.
a. the fundraising arm for interest groups
b. a candidate’s campaign staff
c. prohibited under the McCain-Feingold Act
d. organizations that engage in media activities for certain candidates
e. created by parties to raise money
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
7. Political action committees were created as a result of ______.
a. weaknesses among local Republican parties in the Deep South
b. interest group restrictions in the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974
c. candidates’ need for more money to pay for television advertising
d. fundraising scandals such as Teapot Dome
e. the growth in power of national political party committees
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
8. The likelihood that people with a shared interest will form a group is increased when each of the following occurs EXCEPT this:
a. They perceive a threat to their shared interest.
b. They have the resources to organize and become active.
c. An interest group entrepreneur decides to organize or lead the group.
d. They can provide the selective incentives to overcome any potential free rider problem.
e. The potential members are unemployed and have a great deal of time to engage in politics.
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Formation and Role of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Hard
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
9. The ______ role of interest groups is reflected in MADD’s attempts to increase public awareness of problems related to drunk driving and to direct legislative attention to the issue.
a. agenda-building
b. electioneering
c. representative
d. educational
e. program monitoring
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Formation and Role of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
10. What is often the most important triggering mechanism that causes interest groups to form?
a. an external threat that causes citizens to band together to protect their well-being
b. people having a common interest
c. an interest group entrepreneur paying most of the costs of organizing the group and reaping most of the benefits
d. the provision of collective goods
e. a period of economic prosperity
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Formation and Role of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
11. ______ is/are crucial to helping interest groups organize, no matter what its resources.
a. Effective leadership
b. Collective goods
c. Connections in Washington, D.C.
d. A triggering mechanism
e. A common problem or threat
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Formation and Role of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
12. A common feature of all interest groups is that they ______.
a. spend huge amounts of money on campaign donations
b. sponsor public demonstrations
c. are organized around shared interests among members
d. provide exclusive benefits to members in order to keep them loyal
e. have all potential members in society defined and loyal to their cause
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Formation and Role of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
13. An interest group ______ is an effective leader who is likely to have organized an interest group and can effectively promote its interests.
a. manager and chief executive officer
b. oligarch
c. entrepreneur
d. activist
e. advisor
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Formation and Role of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
14. Many interest groups face the ______ when recruiting members who can gain the benefits of their activities whether or not they join.
a. free rider problem
b. public goods dilemma
c. limited incentives problem
d. imperceptible threat paradox
e. iron law of oligarchy
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Formation and Role of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
15. When a group provides a collective good or service, ______.
a. entrepreneurial leaders find ways to limit the benefits strictly to group members
b. the group’s membership is likely to increase
c. the group can divide costs to each person for providing the good
d. the group will inevitably confront the free rider problem
e. the group will overcome the free rider problem more easily than will groups that provide exclusive goods
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Formation and Role of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
16. Interest groups overcome the free rider problem by doing all of the following EXCEPT ______.
a. providing collective goods only to people who join the group
b. providing material benefits only to people who join the group
c. providing solidary benefits only to people who join the group
d. providing expressive benefits only to people who join the group
e. providing selective incentives only to people who join the group
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Formation and Role of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
17. Higher wages would be a goal of which of the following interest groups?
a. business associations
b. economic interest groups
c. corporate associations
d. professional associations
e. agricultural interest groups
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
18. Expressive benefits are ______.
a. incentives that derive from the opportunity to be committed to a greater cause
b. incentives politicians try to give voters to get them to adopt ideological positions
c. incentives that generate research aimed at influencing public policymaking
d. benefits that present Democrats with research on public policy issues
e. none of these
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Formation and Role of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
19. Interest groups often provide selective incentives, which are ______.
a. public goods available to everyone
b. benefits available only to elite group members
c. goods and services provided to interest groups by the federal government
d. presents that groups give to legislators to drum up support
e. benefits available only to group members
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Formation and Role of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
20. ______ is a nonpartisan defender of individual civil liberties.
a. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
b. The Group of 77
c. The American Civil Liberties Union
d. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
e. The Consumers Union
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
21. Which of the following interest groups would be likely to address the needs of the economically disadvantaged?
a. government interest groups
b. professional associations
c. economic interest groups
d. equal opportunity interest groups
e. agricultural interest groups
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
22. The ______ is a business association that represents three million businesses that range from small mom-and-pop stores to large employers.
a. National Association of Manufacturers
b. North American Federation of Independent Businesses
c. American Small Business Association
d. American Federation of Labor
e. Chamber of Commerce
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
23. Economic interest groups include all of the following EXCEPT ______.
a. consumer groups
b. unions
c. professional associations
d. corporations
e. agricultural interest groups
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
24. Corporate and business interest groups are the most numerous and powerful of all interest groups because ______.
a. they are concerned with only one or two issues
b. the government plays a key role in regulating the economy
c. they provide collective benefits
d. they provide expressive benefits to overcome the free rider problem
e. none of these
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
25. Which statement best reflects the political influence of labor unions?
a. Unions have lost power since they have merged with corporate and business interest groups.
b. Labor union membership has decreased, but unions still provide a formidable political force.
c. Labor unions are more united than ever before.
d. Because labor unions represent only industrial workers, they have little power.
e. Labor unions have surged in power since the 1950s, and their political power has increased steadily.
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Hard
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
26. The ______ is the interest group that argued a number of key civil rights cases in court, including Brown v. Board of Education.
a. Superfund for a Colorless Society
b. Rainbow Coalition
c. Southern Christian Leadership Conference
d. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
e. Republican National Committee
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
27. AARP is very large because ______.
a. all retired people have to join
b. the issue of Social Security has created a strong motivation for people to join AARP
c. the issue of Medicare has created a strong motivation for people to join AARP
d. AARP provides a wide variety of selective benefits for a small cost
e. AARP has a very popular leader
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
28. A unique feature of the Children’s Defense Fund is that it is ______.
a. the only interest group in the country that defends juvenile criminals
b. focused on public protest rather than providing research results
c. funded by foundations and private donations because its constituents are not dues-paying members
d. a government-sponsored think tank
e. an umbrella organization for other children’s lobbyists
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
29. Which of the following statements best reflects the political situation surrounding women’s interest groups?
a. Numerous groups push for equal treatment of women and reproductive rights, and numerous others push to narrow reproductive rights and favor a more traditional role for women in society.
b. The number of women’s interest groups pales in comparison to the number of pro-men interest groups.
c. All women’s groups lobby for equal rights, reproductive rights, and equal pay for equal work.
d. Liberal women’s groups push to get more women elected to office, whereas conservative women’s groups have worked to minimize the number of women elected to office.
e. All women’s interest groups lobby to increase women’s reproductive rights.
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Hard
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
30. The Eagle Forum is an interest group that ______.
a. fought hard against campaign finance reform
b. was on the forefront of the fight for reproductive rights for women
c. advocates a more traditional role for women in society
d. agitated and protested against the Vietnam War
e. favors gun control
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
31. ______ are interest groups that try to influence government to produce collective goods or services that benefit the general public.
a. Equal opportunity interest groups
b. Public interest groups
c. Government interest groups
d. Economic interest groups
e. Foreign interest groups
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
32. Even though their goal is to provide a collective good, public interest groups often struggle because they ______.
a. are often vulnerable to the free rider problem
b. are liberal, and many conservatives oppose them strongly
c. do not try to influence government, so their efforts never address real political issues
d. are notorious for raising funds but not for using them to achieve collective goods
e. look for economic benefits and are disappointed with the collective goods produced
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
33. This type of interest group can trace its origin back to Earth Day in 1970.
a. Second Amendment groups
b. environmental groups
c. religious groups
d. equal opportunity business groups
e. government interest groups
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
34. Second Amendment groups lobby for or against ______.
a. freedom of the press
b. religious freedom
c. free speech
d. gun control
e. reproductive rights
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
35. The “revolving door” exists because ______.
a. it is easier to hire local people as lobbyists
b. some of the most effective lobbyists are former government officials
c. the qualified pool of applicants for such jobs is so small
d. lobbyists envy government officials and want to take their jobs, so they are willing to trade
e. government officials envy lobbyists and want to take their jobs, so they are willing to trade
Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how interest groups use lobbying and campaign activities to get the public policy they want.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
36. Critics complain about the revolving door, because they believe that ______.
a. former government officials will lead to a glut of lobbyists in Washington, D.C.
b. interest groups lose their singular focus when hiring former government officials whose concerns have typically involved numerous broader issues
c. government officials may ease labor laws on lobbying firms shortly before leaving to join one
d. lobbyists will blackmail former colleagues with inside information once they leave public service for lobbying work
e. alternating between government service and interest group lobbying for private entities amounts to unethical cashing in on public service for private profit
Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how interest groups use lobbying and campaign activities to get the public policy they want.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
37. When directly lobbying Congress, interest groups may make use of all of the following EXCEPT ______.
a. personal contacts
b. professional lobbyists
c. campaign contributions
d. expert testimony
e. public relations campaigns
Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how interest groups use lobbying and campaign activities to get the public policy they want.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Hard
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
38. Following the stricter rules on gifts and travel established by the 1995 Lobbying Disclosure Act, over the past decade, Congress has ______.
a. sought even stricter rules on providing gifts and travel to Congress members
b. ignored recent reforms because few lobbyists, representatives, or senators follow the rules anyway
c. allowed all lobbyists to fund gifts, travel, and sometimes rent because congressional salaries are so low
d. expelled numerous representatives and senators for improperly accepting illegal gifts and travel from lobbyists
e. eased the restrictions on gifts and travel provided for representatives and senators by lobbyists
Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how interest groups use lobbying and campaign activities to get the public policy they want.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
39. Which of the following is NOT a legal method used by interest groups to gain public support for the group’s positions?
a. providing prewritten letters for constituents to send to their representatives or senators
b. using astroturf lobbying
c. funding a representative’s travel for a charity event
d. funding issue advocacy advertisements
e. organizing political protests
Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how interest groups use lobbying and campaign activities to get the public policy they want.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Hard
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
40. All of the following statements concerning direct lobbying are true EXCEPT this:
a. Interest groups lobby Congress, in part, by providing testimony and expertise.
b. It is hard for interest groups to lobby the bureaucracy.
c. The White House has a special office to foster good relations with interest groups.
d. Interest groups bolster their lobbying efforts by forming coalitions with other interest groups.
e. Congress has frequently attempted to regulate relationships between lobbyists and lawmakers.
Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how interest groups use lobbying and campaign activities to get the public policy they want.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Hard
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
41. The only way an interest group can directly lobby the judiciary is to ______.
a. sue other interest groups to undercut the opposition
b. lobby the president and the Senate to nominate and confirm judges who were former lobbyists
c. challenge the legality of laws by filing suit or amicus briefs in courts
d. pressure and lobby juries in federal cases to decide in ways favorable to the interest group
e. try to influence the elections of judges and justices through campaign spending
Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how interest groups use lobbying and campaign activities to get the public policy they want.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
42. The 2010 decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission had the effect of ______.
a. lifting the prior financial contribution restrictions on issue advocacy advertisements
b. setting the agenda in Congress for the next year
c. making contributions that produced issue advocacy ads popular with the public
d. banning all issue advocacy ads
e. none of these
Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how interest groups use lobbying and campaign activities to get the public policy they want.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
43. Issue advocacy advertisements are ______.
a. presently illegal
b. an ineffective way for campaigns to get their messages out
c. exempt from any federal regulations
d. often ignored due to their poor production values
e. legal only if they do not tell citizens how to vote
Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how interest groups use lobbying and campaign activities to get the public policy they want.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
44. Social protests are used by groups that ______.
a. have no respect for the law
b. are in a hurry to bring change and do not want to use more traditional methods
c. are shut out of more traditional avenues of political action
d. have the sympathy of the public
e. only want to take advantage of the media coverage that traditional techniques cannot generate
Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how interest groups use lobbying and campaign activities to get the public policy they want.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
45. In addition to the usual goals of other types of indirect lobbying, demonstrations and spontaneous protests seek to ______.
a. overturn the political system
b. eliminate opposition
c. demonstrate that the group is very powerful
d. generate more violent actions
e. recruit those who have not formed an opinion on a certain topic
Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how interest groups use lobbying and campaign activities to get the public policy they want.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
46. Which of the following foreign governments maintains one of the more active lobbying efforts in Washington?
a. Canada
b. Russia
c. Germany
d. Switzerland
e. Japan
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
47. Astroturf lobbying refers to ______.
a. presenting misleading polls to members of Congress
b. taking members of Congress to sporting events
c. lobbying efforts directed at congressional staff members
d. advertisements that support issues or candidates without telling constituents how to vote
e. indirect lobbying efforts that manipulate public sentiment
Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how interest groups use lobbying and campaign activities to get the public policy they want.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
48. The ability to make sizable and strategically placed campaign contributions helps interest groups ______.
a. purchase a foothold with members of the minority party in Congress, who will favor those interest groups when they rise to the majority party
b. purchase the votes of all representatives or senators who are on the fence about a particular issue
c. flex their political muscles to their competing interest groups
d. buy access to representatives, senators, the White House, and their staffs
e. take advantage of the tax benefits enjoyed through political rather than corporate spending
Learning Objective: 13.4: Identify specific resources that interest groups bring to bear when attempting to influence public policy.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Interest Group Resources
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
49. PAC money is directed primarily toward ______.
a. congressional incumbents
b. congressional challengers
c. liberal candidates, regardless of whether they are incumbents or challengers
d. congressional challengers who run against party leaders of either party
e. conservative candidates, regardless of whether they are incumbents or challengers
Learning Objective: 13.4: Identify specific resources that interest groups bring to bear when attempting to influence public policy.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Interest Group Resources
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
50. Political action committees contribute to congressional campaign funds largely to influence ______.
a. equally all 435 members of the House and 100 members of the Senate
b. members of the majority party because they tend to consider a broader set of interests compared to minority partisans
c. the party leadership, which must fight off interests that might weaken party unity
d. members of the president’s party, who are often wooed by interest groups to gain favor with the president
e. only members of relevant congressional committees because the contributions directly shape the process of specific legislation
Learning Objective: 13.4: Identify specific resources that interest groups bring to bear when attempting to influence public policy.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Group Resources
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
51. Information is a key source of power for interest groups because ______.
a. these groups are often the only sources of information on the potential impact of a law
b. members of Congress often provide detailed information to friendly interest groups
c. information always overpowers other resources such as money, size, and intensity
d. these groups often gather information on political officials to use against them
e. presidents often provide detailed information to friendly interest groups
Learning Objective: 13.4: Identify specific resources that interest groups bring to bear when attempting to influence public policy.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Group Resources
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
52. A key advantage that groups like the Christian Coalition, AARP, and the National Rifle Association have over other interest groups is ______.
a. that Congress knows members believe passionately in the cause
b. that they have small memberships located in strategically important areas of the country
c. fresh ideas because they don’t use the media to spread their message
d. that they have large memberships that can mobilize citizens quickly from across the country
e. that they have little negative history built up in dealings with Congress
Learning Objective: 13.4: Identify specific resources that interest groups bring to bear when attempting to influence public policy.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Group Resources
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
53. Pluralists believe that interest groups ______.
a. are making American democracy elitist
b. give more power to citizens and enhance democratic life
c. are good for democracy only if they are public but that economic and equal opportunity interest groups weaken democracy
d. are too widespread in American society
e. have taken away power from citizens and have weakened democracy
Learning Objective: 13.5: Summarize the relationships among citizens, interest groups, and government.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Interest Group Resources
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
54. The largest women’s group in the United States is ______.
a. the National Organization for Women
b. Emily’s List
c. National Women’s Political Caucus
d. Eagle Forum
e. Women in the Senate and House
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
55. Compared to citizens in many other advanced industrial nations, Americans tend to join groups or associations ______ citizens of nearly every other country.
a. more often than
b. less often than
c. about as often as
d. for the same reasons as
e. for far different reasons than
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Formation and Role of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
56. ______ are formed with the common goal of altering public policy.
a. Political parties
b. Trade associations
c. Interest groups
d. Free riders
e. Political Action Committees
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
57. Self-determination was the principle ideology upon which one of the following organizations was founded?
a. National Organization for Women
b. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
c. American Indian Movement
d. Southeast Asia Resource Action Center
e. The League of United Latin American Citizens
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
58. Which of the following has focused its efforts on immigration reform since 1968?
a. The National Council of La Raza
b. The Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund
c. The League of United Latin American Citizens
d. The Southeast Asia Resource Action Center
e. Emily’s List
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
59. The organic food movement is an example of which of the following?
a. a grassroots lobbying campaign led by corporation elites
b. an astroturf lobbying campaign led by citizens at the grassroots level
c. a lobbying campaign that embodied both grassroots and astroturf characteristics
d. a collective action problem with a top heavy power structure
e. the financial power of political action committees
Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how interest groups use lobbying and campaign activities to get the public policy they want.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Hard
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
60. Which of the following factors are crucial to the success of most interest groups?
a. large membership size and intensity of individual members
b. financial strength and intensity of group leaders
c. organizational structure and leadership abilities at the grassroots level
d. support from powerful politicians and the causes groups support
e. small membership size and intensity of group leadership
Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how interest groups use lobbying and campaign activities to get the public policy they want.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
True/False
1. Interest group leadership often uses a mixture of incentives to maintain and build membership.
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Formation and Role of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
2. Altria is an example of an economic interest group.
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
3. When interest group lobby Congress they tend to focus their efforts on congressional committees.
Learning Objective: 13.4: Identify specific resources that interest groups bring to bear when attempting to influence public policy.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
4. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded following the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision.
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
5. Writing letters is one of the means through which interest groups attempt to influence policymakers.
Learning Objective: 13.4: Identify specific resources that interest groups bring to bear when attempting to influence public policy.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
6. Information is typically considered one of the weakest weapons wielded by interest groups.
Learning Objective: 13.4: Identify specific resources that interest groups bring to bear when attempting to influence public policy.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Group Resources
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
7. One of the ways that interest groups attempt to gain an advantage is through the cultivation and maintenance of strong relationships with regulating agencies.
Learning Objective: 13.4: Identify specific resources that interest groups bring to bear when attempting to influence public policy.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Group Resources
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
8. All branches of government as well as the American people themselves are all targets of lobbyists.
Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how interest groups use lobbying and campaign activities to get the public policy they want.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
9. Money is so crucial to the success of interest groups because it can be used to cover legal fees.
Learning Objective: 13.4: Identify specific resources that interest groups bring to bear when attempting to influence public policy.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Group Resources
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
10. Well-organized, professional interest groups have slowly given way to mass-membership interest groups over the last century.
Learning Objective: 13.4: Identify specific resources that interest groups bring to bear when attempting to influence public policy.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Group Resources
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
Short Answer
1. Why did the number of interest groups accelerate after 1971?
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
2. What is the difference between a faction and an interest group?
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Hard
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
3. What accounts for the large number of business related interest groups in Washington, D.C.?
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
4. What is the difference between direct lobbying and indirect lobbying?
Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how interest groups use lobbying and campaign activities to get the public policy they want.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
5. What are the characteristics of effective leadership within an interest group?
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The formation and role of interest groups
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
6. What has driven the growth and development of religious interest groups in recent decades?
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
7. How has the focus of pro-life interest groups changes in recent years?
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
8. Why are interest groups increasingly likely to employ professional help?
Learning Objective: 13.4: Identify specific resources that interest groups bring to bear when attempting to influence public policy.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
9. What role does education play in the lobbying process?
Learning Objective: 13.4: Identify specific resources that interest groups bring to bear when attempting to influence public policy.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Formation and Role of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
10. At what point did interest groups become a major force in American politics?
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
Essay
1. Discuss the selective incentives that interest groups provide to overcome the free rider problem and to attract potential members and retain current members.
Learning Objective: 13.1: Explain how and why interest groups form.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Formation and Role of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
2. Compared to lobbying Congress, it is difficult to lobby the courts. Explain the two main ways that interest groups lobby the courts.
Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how interest groups use lobbying and campaign activities to get the public policy they want.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
3. What is indirect lobbying, and what are some examples of this type of lobbying?
Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how interest groups use lobbying and campaign activities to get the public policy they want.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
4. What are the different types of interest groups? Which types of interest groups are the most susceptible to the free rider problem?
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
5. Explain the role of information and campaign contributions in lobbying Congress. What strategies do interest groups use to lobby Congress?
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Hard
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
6. Compare and contrast grassroots and astroturf lobbying.
Learning Objective: 13.3: Describe how interest groups use lobbying and campaign activities to get the public policy they want.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Medium
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
7. Describe the resources that interest groups have. How do these resources influence the ability of interest groups to acquire what they want from the system? Respond to the argument that interest groups do a better job of achieving their goals than do political parties.
Learning Objective: 13.4: Identify specific resources that interest groups bring to bear when attempting to influence public policy.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Interest Group Resources
Difficulty Level: Hard
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
8. What are equal opportunity interest groups, who do they represent, upon what bases are they organized, and what tactics might they employ?
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Hard
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
9. What are public interest groups, how do their beliefs and practices compare to those of other interest groups, and upon what bases are they organized?
Learning Objective: 13.2: Identify four types of interest groups and the kinds of interests they represent.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Types of Interest Groups
Difficulty Level: Hard
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
10. How have lawmakers attempted to reform lobbying and have those attempts been successful? Why or why not?
Learning Objective: 13.4: Identify specific resources that interest groups bring to bear when attempting to influence public policy.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Interest Group Politics
Difficulty Level: Hard
TOP: SAGE Learning Outcomes for American Government: Describe the roles and relative importance of major entities and influences in American political life.
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