Test Bank

Chapter 2: The Diversity of Deviance

Multiple Choice

1. An example of deviance that violates a generally accepted aesthetic norm is ______.

a. a shaved head

b. face tattoos

c. spray-tanning

d. hearing impairment

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Physical Deviance and Appearance: Ideals of Beauty, Self-Harm, and Body Modification

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Why was the chapter on types of deviance a difficult topic to write about?

a. Deviance is often criminal.

b. Deviance is subjective.

c. Deviance makes people uncomfortable.

d. It is easy to make mistakes when discussing deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Which of the following is generally considered sexually unconventional behavior?

a. online dating

b. sex within marriage

c. prostitution

d. masturbation

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Relationships and Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. ______ is defined as “criminal and deviant acts by the largest corporations and the most powerful political organizations.”

a. Ethnocentric deviance

b. Elite deviance

c. Criminogenic deviance

d. Organized crime

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Elite Deviance, Corporate Deviance, and Workplace Misconduct

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. When automobile manufacturer VW rigged some of their vehicles to temporarily pass emissions standards, they violated the law. This is an example of ______ deviance.

a. technological

b. regulatory

c. positive

d. corporate

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Elite Deviance, Corporate Deviance, and Workplace Misconduct

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. When deciding whether an act or a characteristic is deviant, ______.

a. If no law is broken, deviance has not occurred

b. Deviance only occurs when other people are involved

c. The social class of the individual is a factor

d. The status of the individual does not matter

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Deviance and Disparity: Differential Treatment in Dealing with Addiction, Prostitution, and Graffiti

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. In 1965, J.L. Simmons conducted a study regarding what behavior people viewed as deviant. Why do the authors of the text mention this study?

a. to illustrate that deviance changes depending on historical context

b. to suggest that some behaviors are always considered deviant

c. to demonstrate that men are more often defined as deviant

d. to exemplify behavior that violates norms, though it is not considered deviant

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Deviance and Its Varied Forms

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. “Snapchat dysmorphia” is a condition in which people want to ______.

a. use plastic surgery in order to copy the appearance of celebrities

b. withdraw completely from all forms of social media

c. distort the way they look on social media

d. alter their physical appearance so that they look like their own altered selfies

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Physical Deviance and Appearance: Ideals of Beauty, Self-Harm, and Body Modification

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Adler and Adler (2007) suggest that self-injury is being ______, shifted out of the realm of mental illness and categorized instead as deviance.

a. radicalized

b. demedicalized

c. stigmatized

d. legalized

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Physical Deviance and Appearance: Ideals of Beauty, Self-Harm, and Body Modification

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. In the United States today, monogamous marriage is the legal norm, though some groups accept polygamy. What aspect of deviance does this illustrate?

a. Most deviance is criminal.

b. conflict between a subculture’s values and the larger societal norms

c. If no law is broken, deviance has not occurred

d. widespread agreement regarding the nature of deviant behavior

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Relationships and Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Russian tampering with the 2016 election via social media is an example of ______.

a. subcultures

b. stigma

c. positive deviance

d. cyber deviance

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Deviance in Cyberspace: Making Up the Norms as We Go

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Why does elite deviance receive less attention than other forms of criminal deviance?

a. More people have participated in elite deviance than in other forms of criminal deviance.

b. Individuals are less afraid of elite deviance than they are of other forms of criminal deviance.

c. Elite deviance causes very little harm to society compared to other forms of criminal deviance.

d. Elite deviance is less prevalent compared to other forms of criminal deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Elite Deviance, Corporate Deviance, and Workplace Misconduct

Difficulty Level: Hard

13. What statement correctly summarizes elite deviance?

a. deviance committed by powerful people and organizations

b. deviance committed against the interest of powerful people

c. deviance that is legal when committed by those of high social status

d. what is normal for those of high social status is deviant for those of lower social status

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Elite Deviance, Corporate Deviance, and Workplace Misconduct

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. What three kinds of harm caused by elite deviance are identified by Simon (2008)?

a. individual, group, and society

b. personal, familial, and emotional

c. physical, financial, and moral

d. military, executive, and legislative

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Elite Deviance, Corporate Deviance, and Workplace Misconduct

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Moral justification, euphemistic labeling, displacement of responsibility, and diffusion of responsibility are all ______ mechanisms associated with various forms of elite deviance.

a. secondary

b. radicalizing

c. normative

d. disengagement

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Elite Deviance, Corporate Deviance, and Workplace Misconduct

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Celebrities with drug and alcohol addiction are often treated differently compared to everyday citizens. What aspect of deviant behavior does this illustrate?

a. People with money are held to norms more strictly than others.

b. Social status influences who is defined as deviant.

c. Our society is quick to condemn the bad behavior of those in the public eye.

d. Famous people are deviant more frequently than others.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Disparity and Deviance: Differential Treatment in Dealing with Addiction, Prostitution, and Graffiti

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Deviant behavior is always criminal.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. A woman who is voluntarily childless is viewed as neither deviant nor normal.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Deviance and Its Varied Forms

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Heterosexuality was the only widely accepted sexual orientation in the United States during the 1950s; homosexuality was perceived as deviant during that time.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Global Perspectives on Types of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Homophobia refers to the fear of heterosexuality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Global Perspectives on Types of Deviance

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. If behavior occurs within a hidden population, it cannot be considered deviant just because the law states it is.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Subcultural Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Intentional behaviors that violate norms but are conducted in honorable ways and for the good of people might be considered acts of positive deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Positive Deviance

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. According to sociologists, violations of aesthetic norms and physical incapacity (including physical disability) are two examples of physical deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Physical Deviance and Appearance: Ideals of Beauty, Self-Harm, and Body Modification

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Cyberdeviance is one of the oldest forms of deviant behavior recognized by sociologists.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Deviance in Cyberspace: Making Up the Norms as We Go

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Those who plant gardens in areas that are not legally zoned for use in growing food may be considered deviant because they violate the law.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Ideas in Action: Guerrilla Gardening in Low-Income Areas

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. One challenge in defining deviance is that behavior described by one group as normal can be described by another group as violating norms.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Question: So Who Are the Deviants?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Deviance in Cyberspace: Making Up the Norms as We Go

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Identify five types of non-criminal behavior defined as normal by one group and deviant by another. Explain the perspective of the group that defines the behavior as normal, then the perspective of the group that defined the behavior as deviant.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. We may expect to encounter or participate in several forms of workplace deviance. Provide two examples and explain why they are considered deviant and which norms they violate specifically.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Elite Deviance, Corporate Deviance, and Workplace Misconduct

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Describe a deviant subculture. What makes this particular subculture deviant?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Subcultural Deviance

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Provide arguments in favor of and against the existence of positive deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Positive Deviance

Difficulty Level: Hard