Human Populations Ch.4 Test Bank Docx

Principles of Environmental Science, 9e (Cunningham)

Chapter 4 Human Populations

1) World population growth increased rapidly due to all of the following factors except?

A) increased sailing and navigating skills

B) agricultural developments

C) improved health care

D) political unrest

E) better sources of power

2) Economist Julian Simon believed that people are the "ultimate resource" and that increases in population growth would result in

A) pollution.

B) new resources.

C) crime.

D) unemployment.

E) loss of species.

3) The study of human population characteristics, such as age structure, demographic transition, total fertility, human population and environmental relationships, death-rate factors, and standard of living is known as

A) human demography.

B) crude death rate.

C) carry capacity.

D) life expectancy.

E) demography.

4) All of the following factors help stabilize populations except

A) growing prosperity, urbanization, and social reforms that accompany development reduce the need and desire for large families in most countries.

B) technology is available to bring advances to the developing world.

C) less-developed countries have historic patterns to follow.

D) modern communications provide information about the benefits of and methods for social change.

E) increased fertility rates have risen nearly everywhere in the world over the past half-century.

5) The world human population reached 1 billion in about

A) 1400.

B) 1500.

C) 1600.

D) 1700.

E) 1800.

6) Historically, up until the Middle Ages, populations were mostly limited by

A) low fertility rates.

B) culturally imposed family planning practices.

C) disease, famine, and war.

D) religious restrictions on marriage.

E) infanticide.

7) The doubling time for a population with an annual growth rate of 0.07 is

A) 1 year.

B) 5 years.

C) 1000 years.

D) 50 years.

E) 100 years.

Use this example to answer the question. On an island in the South Pacific, there is a population of 1,000 South Pacific Splendor Birds. There is no immigration or emigration but there are 40 births and 20 deaths per year.

8) The annual percentage rate of this population is

A) 0.02%.

B) 2.0%.

C) 20%.

D) -0.02%.

E) -2%.

9) The doubling time for the population of South Pacific Splendor Birds would be

A) 2 years.

B) 3.5 years.

C) 7 years.

D) 20 years.

E) 35 years.

10) Technological optimists argue that technological advances have

A) led to the increase in human population but whether we can continue is of great concern.

B) proven Marx wrong in his predictions of famine and disaster.

C) proven Malthus wrong in his predictions of famine and disaster.

D) been developed because there are more people, supporting the view that more people are the "ultimate resource."

E) been a neutral factor in the issue of population growth.

11) Malthus and Marx

A) worked together to form their theories.

B) agreed about the root causes of overpopulation, poverty, and social upheaval.

C) disagreed about the root causes of overpopulation, poverty, and social upheaval.

D) held the same beliefs but worked on different issues.

E) disagreed about the severity of overpopulation, poverty, and social upheaval.

12) According to Joel Cohen, the maximum human population that Earth can support is

A) 7-8 billion.

B) 10-12 billion.

C) 15-18 billion.

D) 20-22 billion.

E) more than 26 billion.

13) The demographic transition refers to a country's change from

A) high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.

B) high to low birth rates and low to high death rates.

C) low to high birth rates and high to low death rates.

D) a majority of young people to a majority of elderly people.

E) a majority of elderly people to a majority of young people.

14) A demographic transition is expected to accompany

A) colonization, as in Africa and Asia.

B) economic development and stabilization.

C) the development of capitalism.

D) the introduction of modern medicine.

E) All of these.

15) Many demographers believe that birth rates generally decrease as the level of development increases because

A) raising children becomes much more expensive.

B) men are better educated and have more economic options.

C) women tend to have more influence in family planning.

D) higher levels of contaminants in drinking water tend to decrease fertility.

E) government programs tend to discourage the discussion of birth control options.

Use the following demographic data on three hypothetical countries to answer the questions.

16) The most industrialized country listed is

A) Country "A."

B) Country "B."

C) Country "C."

D) None of the countries listed are likely to be industrialized.

E) It is impossible to use the data in the table to identify an industrialized country.

17) Country "C" probably has ________ rate of female literacy when compared to the other two countries.

A) the highest

B) an intermediate

C) the lowest

D) an equal

E) It is impossible to use the data in the table to identify the rate of female literacy.

18) Which of the following demographic categories best identifies Country "A"?

A) developed

B) moderately developed

C) less developed

D) developing

E) third world

19) Proponents of social justice believe that environmental and social problems will decrease if

A) we can educate poor people about family planning.

B) resources are distributed fairly.

C) better ethics are taught to poor, uneducated populations.

D) we just reduce the number of people on Earth.

E) we concentrate on population control.

Refer to the following graph for the questions.

20) The graph indicates that more children die

A) in the last stage of the demographic transition.

B) in the first stage of the demographic transition.

C) when their mothers are illiterate.

D) when their mothers are literate.

E) when their mothers are poor.

21) The graph indicates that there is

A) a strong relationship between infant mortality and education for women.

B) little relationship between infant mortality and education for women.

C) a relationship between infant mortality and education in general.

D) more importance for female rather than male education.

E) a relationship between birth rate and education for women.

22) Family planning means enabling people to

A) have fewer children so that the population growth rate can reach ZPG.

B) have no children.

C) have many children.

D) decide in advance how many children they should have.

E) have more children if they live in a country with a birth dearth.

23) Which of the following is a mechanical barrier to conception?

A) abortion

B) condoms

C) birth control pills

D) vasectomies

E) IUD

24) One of the ________ effective ways to stabilize populations is to ________.

A) most; provide free contraceptives

B) least; provide free contraceptives

C) least; decrease child mortality

D) most; decrease child mortality

E) most; expect mandatory sterilization

25) The number of children born to an average woman in a population during her entire reproductive life is called ________.

A) birth rate

B) growth rate

C) crude birth rate

D) total fertility rate

E) replacement rate

26) What is the dependency ratio?

A) the number of children men support

B) the percentage of women who work outside the home

C) the amount of people that can be supported by an acre of land

D) the number of literate adults relative to the total number of adults in a population

E) the number of nonworking compared to with working individuals in a population

27) Which of the following is a pronatalist pressure?

A) male pride

B) social status of large families

C) need for additional family income

D) social taboos regarding birth control

E) all of these are sources of pronatalist pressure

28) So far, the most successful and popular solution(s) to global overpopulation has/have been mandatory sterilization.

29) Human population growth most closely resembles the S-shaped growth curve.

30) Generally speaking wealthy, developed nations have a smaller human ecological footprint than poorer, less developed nations.

31) A population growing at 1% per year should double in about ________ years.

A) 30

B) 70

C) 10

D) 2

E) 0.7

32) In the formula I=PAT, which of the following would be representative of the 'A'?

A) Driving an SUV.

B) Earning money to support the family.

C) Having clean drinking water.

D) The number of people living in a country.

33) Which country listed below would you expect to have the highest ecological footprint?

A) USA

B) Mexico

C) Sweden

D) Kenya

34) The concept that incorporates human population numbers and the types of resources used is referred to as the

A) IPAT concept.

B) demographic transition concept.

C) ecological footprint concept.

D) social justice concept.

35) The concept that describes the amount of land required to produce the goods and services that are required for an individual to live his or her particular lifestyle is the

A) IPAT concept.

B) demographic transition concept.

C) ecological footprint concept.

D) social justice concept.

36) A population would have zero population growth if

A) births + immigration = deaths + emigration.

B) births + immigration > deaths + emigration.

C) births + immigration < deaths + emigration.

D) births = deaths.

37) When did the human population begin to grow exponentially?

A) during the Industrial Revolution

B) during the Bubonic plague

C) when agriculture was invented

D) in the 20th century

E) it is not growing exponentially

38) Which of the following is an example of humans using technology to increase the carrying capacity for humans on Earth?

A) the development of fertilizers and pesticides to grow more crops per acre

B) the development of vaccines to increase survival rate from disease

C) the development of coal fired power plants that utilize large amounts of coal to produce energy

D) the urbanization of rural areas changing farmland into cities

E) the lowering of groundwater tables due to increased use of water for industrialization

39) Which of the following would not be a discipline involved in the study of human populations and population growth?

A) all of the answers are correct

B) sociology

C) medicine

D) statistics

E) political science

40) Which of the following statements describes population momentum?

A) Because of previously high fertility rates, there is a large population at reproductive age. Even if fertility rates are low, the population will still grow because a lot of people will be having children.

B) Because of low fertility rates, large populations will stay large instead of getting smaller.

C) Because of high fertility rates, the population continues to grow.

D) Because fertility rates are increasing in many parts of the world, populations are going to start growing faster because a lot of people will be having a lot of children.

E) Because fertility rates are decreasing around the world, populations are going to quickly decrease because women are having fewer children.

41) Why is human population growth an important topic in environmental science?

A) People use earth's resources so the size of the human population is important in studying the amount of resource use and waste produced.

B) Human reproduction is based in biology so the study of human populations is a science.

C) The study of human populations requires statistics which is an important discipline for studying environmental science.

D) Humans are members of the animal kingdom, and the populations of animals are important to understand when studying the environment.

E) Demography is not a discipline within environmental science because human reproduction is a discipline in the study of medicine.