.Chapter 2: Historical Perspectives and Ideological Origins

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. ______ was considered by ancient writers to be necessary for the greater good of the citizenry and to the delight of the gods.

a. Regicide

b. Tyrannicide

c. Genocide

d. Homicide

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Antiquity

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The “Old Terrorism” is characterized by which of the following?

a. use of conventional weapons

b. clearly identifiable organizations or movements

c. relatively “surgical” selection of targets

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The New Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The New Terrorism is characterized by which of the following?

a. loose, cell-based networks with minimal lines of command and control

b. politically vague, religious, or mystical motivations

c. skillful use of the Internet and manipulation of the media

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The New Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. During the Roman Age, the empire ______.

a. practiced what we would now call state terrorism

b. engaged in demonstrations of terror against those who did not submit to Roman authority

c. experienced frequent incidents of regicide

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Roman Age

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The term “zealot” is derived from which of the following?

a. Jewish religious rebels

b. incidents during the French Revolution

c. Roman use of excessive force

d. nineteenth-century Europe

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Ancient and Medieval Middle East

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. The Reign of Terror ______.

a. occurred during unrest in 19th-century Europe

b. was the result of oppression by the Romans

c. is a good example of state terrorism carried out to further the goals of a revolutionary ideology

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The French Revolution: Prelude to Modern Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. English workers who engaged in industrial sabotage were known as ______.

a. Sicarii

b. the Reign of Terror

c. people’s will

d. Luddites

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nineteenth-Century Europe: Two Examples From the Left

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Which terrorist movement was formed in the 19th century by young Russian students?

a. people’s will

b. the Luddites.

c. the Sicarii.

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nineteenth-Century Europe: Two Examples From the Left

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Which of the following groups were known as masters of guerrilla warfare?

a. Sicarii

b. Komitehs

c. Luddites

d. People’s Will

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Ancient and Medieval Middle East

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Which of the following best describes left-wing extremism?

a. It is nostalgic, seeking to restore a past system or environment that has been “stolen.”

b. It is future-oriented, seeking to reform or destroy an existing system prior to building a new society.

c. It is essentially reactionary in nature.

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 2-4: Explain the attributes and behavior of left-wing terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: An Ideological Analysis: From the Extreme Left to the Extreme Right

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Which of the following best describes right-wing extremism?

a. It is a reaction against perceived threats to a group’s value system, its presumption of superiority, or its sense of specialness.

b. It is future-oriented, seeking to reform or destroy an existing system prior to building a new society.

c. It is essentially radical in nature.

d. None of these.

Learning Objective: 2-6: Explain the attributes and behavior of right-wing terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: An Ideological Analysis: From the Extreme Left to the Extreme Right

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. The classical ideological continuum represents which of the following?

a. religious extremism in the modern era

b. radical nationalism in the modern era

c. the political spectrum from the fringe left to the fringe right

d. the continuum of types of national leaders

Learning Objective: 2-2: Understand the classical ideological continuum.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Ideological Origins of Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. The ideology of the extreme right wing is often characterized by which of the following?

a. calls for cooperation among people of all nationalities, races, and religions

b. exhortations for working class revolution

c. belief systems that promote racial and national superiority over non-members of the group

d. campaigns for positive reform through democratic process

Learning Objective: 2-6: Explain the attributes and behavior of right-wing terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: An Ideological Analysis: From the Extreme Left to the Extreme Right

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. The ideology of the extreme left wing is often characterized by which of the following?

a. calls for cooperation among people of all nationalities, races, and religions

b. exhortations for working class revolution

c. belief systems that promote racial and national superiority over non-members of the group

d. campaigns for positive reform through democratic process

Learning Objective: 2-4: Explain the attributes and behavior of left-wing terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: An Ideological Analysis: From the Extreme Left to the Extreme Right

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Terrorist activity conducted by the fringe right wing is often characterized by which of the following?

a. apparently indiscriminate violence that often results in civilian casualties

b. the use of high-yield weapons and weapons of mass destruction

c. relatively “surgical” attacks against defined targets that result in relatively few civilian casualties

d. asymmetrical warfare, such as the use of suicide bombings

Learning Objective: 2-6: Explain the attributes and behavior of right-wing terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: An Ideological Analysis: From the Extreme Left to the Extreme Right

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Which of the following ideologies is considered to be an extreme interpretation of Marxist ideology?

a. fringe left

b. far left

c. far right

d. fringe right

Learning Objective: 2-2: Understand the classical ideological continuum.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: An Ideological Analysis: From the Extreme Left to the Extreme Right

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Which of the following statements best summarizes a central tenet of revolutionary anarchism?

a. Propaganda is best made through violent “propaganda by the deed.”

b. Revolution is necessary to build a democratic future.

c. A revolutionary party is necessary for leading the people and the creation of a revolutionary environment.

d. Ideally, there must be a disciplined political party, a charismatic leader, glorification of the military, and an organized elite.

Learning Objective: 2-3: Classify some ideologies and activism as left-wing phenomena.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Ideology in Practice: From Anarchism to Fascism

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Which of the following statements best summarizes a central tenet of revolutionary Marxism?

a. Propaganda is best made through violent “propaganda by the deed.”

b. Revolution is necessary to build a democratic future.

c. A revolutionary party is necessary for leading the people and the creation of a revolutionary environment.

d. Ideally, there must be a disciplined political party, a charismatic leader, glorification of the military, and an organized elite.

Learning Objective: 2-3: Classify some ideologies and activism as left-wing phenomena.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Marxism

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Which of the following statements best summarizes a central tenet of fascism?

a. Propaganda is best made through violent “propaganda by the deed.”

b. Revolution is necessary to build a democratic future.

c. A revolutionary party is necessary for leading the people and the creation of a revolutionary environment.

d. Ideally, there must be a disciplined political party, a charismatic leader, glorification of the military, and an organized elite.

Learning Objective: 2-5: Classify some activism and extremism as right-wing phenomena.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Fascism

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Marxists traditionally believe that the demise of capitalism ______.

a. cannot occur without democratic reform

b. will inevitably occur after democratic reform

c. is historically inevitable

d. both “cannot occur without democratic reform” and “will inevitably occur after democratic reform”

Learning Objective: 2-3: Classify some ideologies and activism as left-wing phenomena.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Marxism

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. The Just War doctrine condemns the use of violence for any reason.

Learning Objective: 2-2: Understand the classical ideological continuum.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Just War Doctrine

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Terrorism is a recent phenomenon in human history.

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Historical Perspectives on Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Crucifixion was a common form of public execution.

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Historical Perspectives on Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The killing of kings is referred to as regicide.

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Roman Age

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. “The Terror” during the French Revolution was considered to be acceptable and necessary.

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The French Revolution: Prelude to Modern Terrorism Difficulty Level: Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Anarchism is considered to be a rightist philosophy that was a by-product of social upheaval in the 19th century.

Learning Objective: 2-3: Classify some ideologies and activism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Anarchism

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Leftist extremists consider themselves at war with an oppressive system, class, or government.

Learning Objective: 2-4: Explain the attributes and behavior of left-wing terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: An Ideological Analysis: From the Extreme Left to the Extreme Right

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Class struggle is at the center of rightist ideology.

Learning Objective: 2-6: Explain the attributes and behavior of right-wing terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: An Ideological Analysis: From the Extreme Left to the Extreme Right

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. The New Terrorism is clearly explained by the Classical Ideological Continuum.

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Modern Era

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Marxists traditionally believed that the demise of capitalism is historically inevitable.

Learning Objective: 2-3: Classify some ideologies and activism as left-wing phenomena.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Marxism

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Fascists traditionally believe in equality for all members of society.

Learning Objective: 2-6: Explain the attributes and behavior of right-wing terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Fascism

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. The just war concept can be easily adapted to justify ethnic, racial, national, and religious extremism in the modern era.

Learning Objective: 2-2: Understand the classical ideological continuum.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Just War Doctrine

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. We are presently in a fourth and religious wave of terrorism.

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Modern Era

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The proletariat represents the middle class.

Learning Objective: 2-4: Explain the attributes and behavior of left-wing terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Marxism

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. In medieval Europe, behavior which the modern world considers to be terrorism was common to warfare.

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Dark Ages

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. Compare and contrast the fringe left and the fringe right.

Learning Objective: 2-2: Understand the classical ideological continuum.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: An Ideological Analysis: From the Extreme Left to the Extreme Right

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Outline the classical ideological continuum.

Learning Objective: 2-2: Understand the classical ideological continuum.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Classical Ideological Continuum: The Case of the French Revolution

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Briefly explain the significance of propaganda by the deed.

Learning Objective: 2-4: Explain the attributes and behavior of left-wing terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Anarchism

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Briefly discuss the significance of historical perspectives in understanding the modern era of terrorism.

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Historical Perspectives on Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. What is the just war doctrine?

Learning Objective: 2-2: Understand the classical ideological continuum.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Just War Doctrine

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Briefly discuss terrorism in antiquity.

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Antiquity

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Briefly discuss the threat from radical leftist ideologies.

Learning Objective: 2-4: Explain the attributes and behavior of left-wing terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: An Ideological Analysis: From the Extreme Left to the Extreme Right

Difficulty Level: Hard

Essay

1. Describe the ideology of the extreme right wing. What are the sources of their ideology? What is their terrorist activity like? How would you describe their international presence?

Learning Objective: 2-6: Explain the attribute and behavior of right-wing terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: An Ideological Analysis: From the Extreme Left to the Extreme Right

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Describe the ideology of the extreme left wing. What are the sources of their ideology? What is their terrorist activity like? How would you describe their international presence?

Learning Objective: 2-4: Explain the attributes and behavior of left-wing terrorism.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: An Ideological Analysis: From the Extreme Left to the Extreme Right

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. What was the general profile of European left-wing terrorism in the latter quarter of the twentieth century?

Learning Objective: 2-1, Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The New Terrorist Morality

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. How did the September 11, 2001 attacks symbolize the New Era of terrorism?

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: September 11, 2001, and the New Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Behavior that we now define as terrorism is historically ancient. However, examples from the French Revolution and 19th-century Europe were arguably immediate precedents for modern terrorism. If you agree with this assessment, how so? If you disagree, how not? Explain your answer.

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Various

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. Compare and contrast the characteristics of new terrorism and traditional terrorism.

Learning Objective: 2-1: Demonstrate knowledge of the historical context of modern terrorist violence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The New Terrorism

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Discuss the significance of the Just War Doctrine in the era of the New Terrorism.

Learning Objective: 2-2: Understand the classical ideological continuum.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Just War Doctrine

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Discuss the significance of the classical ideological continuum for the analysis of political extremism in the modern world. Is this continuum useful for evaluating the nature of the New Terrorism? If so, how so? If not, how not?

Learning Objective: 2-2: Understand the classical ideological continuum.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: An Ideological Analysis: From the Extreme Left to the Extreme Right

Difficulty Level: Hard