Hill Ch.16 Verified Test Bank Global Marketing and R&D

Global Business Today, 11e (Hill)

Chapter 16 Global Marketing and R&D

1) A company might vary its marketing mix based on differences in national culture.

2) Markets can be segmented by geography, demography, sociocultural factors, and psychological factors.

3) Relatively simple statistical techniques that describe what is contained in a dataset are known as predictive analytics.

4) Determining the data sources that address a specific research problem is often complicated in international business.

5) Consumers in the most developed countries are often willing to sacrifice their preferred product attributes for lower priced products.

6) Differences in government-mandated product standards can rule out mass production and marketing of a standardized product.

7) A fragmented retail system is one in which a few retailers supply most of the market.

8) A business that sells directly to the consumer has a short channel length.

9) There is generally a critical link among channel length, the final selling price, and the firm's profit margin because each intermediary in a channel adds its own markup to the products.

10) One drawback of a longer distribution channel is that it increases selling costs when the retail sector is very fragmented.

11) The best way for a company to overcome cultural barriers to communication is by developing cross-cultural literacy.

12) A push strategy emphasizes the use of mass media rather than personal selling.

13) A business might find it more cost effective to use a pull strategy when entering a market with a long distribution channel.

14) A disadvantage of standardized advertising is that it increases the costs of value creation by spreading the fixed costs of developing the advertisements over many countries.

15) Price discrimination occurs when one store sells a product at full price, but another chooses to put the product on sale.

16) Predatory pricing occurs when companies use price as a competitive weapon to drive out weaker competition.

17) Predatory pricing and experience curve pricing do not violate antidumping regulations.

18) In terms of pricing strategies, dumping occurs whenever an international firm sells a product for a price that is less than the price charged by domestic producers.

19) Differences in product and technical standards between nations would be a reason a business might vary aspects of its marketing mix.

20) Dispersing research and development activities to many locations around the world allows a firm to stay close to the center of leading-edge activity to gather scientific and competitive information and to draw on local scientific resources.

21) Milly, the marketing manager for Nuance Cosmetics, believes that for the company to succeed in international markets, it has to address the choices surrounding product attributes, distribution strategy, communication strategy, and pricing strategy in its targeted markets. What is Milly specifically referring to?

A) market imperfections

B) marketing mix

C) marketing intermediaries

D) marketing objectives

E) marketing plan

22) Based on his article in the Harvard Business Review, Theodore Levitt would agree that

A) accustomed differences in national or regional preferences are significant in world markets.

B) the global corporation operates consistently at high relative cost.

C) technology has led to the emergence of global markets for standardized consumer products.

D) the global corporation sells different things in different ways.

E) ancient differences in national tastes or modes of doing business are reinforced.

23) Theodore Levitt's arguments concerning the globalization of world markets can be supported by which of these facts?

A) Modern transportation is facilitating a convergence of tastes and preferences among consumers in advanced countries of the world.

B) Academics feel that Levitt understates his case concerning global markets and the fall of multinational corporations.

C) Globalization, in the sense used by Levitt, is the rule in consumer goods markets and industrial markets.

D) Levitt's arguments hold true with respect to consumer goods markets but not for basic industrial products.

E) As observed by Levitt, multinational corporations do not tailor their products to suit different countries.

24) Wentworth Hair Care has identified four distinct consumer groups to market their products to: teens, young adults, adult women, and adult men. What process did the company use to identify these groups?

A) research and development

B) predictive analytics

C) purchasing parity

D) market segmentation

E) customer service

25) Many elderly travelers find it hard to climb stairs to motel rooms that are not on the first floor. The Stay-Right Inn has catered to this specific group of customers via its motels, all of which have one floor of rooms with no stairs to climb. What did Stay-Right Inn use to identify distinct groups of consumers whose needs, wants, and purchasing behavior differ from others in important ways?

A) market penetration

B) market development

C) market segmentation

D) product development

E) diversification

26) The goal of market segmentation is to

A) optimize the fit between the purchasing behavior of consumers in a given segment and the marketing mix.

B) increase participation in shared global conversations by drawing upon shared symbols that include global brands.

C) reduce cultural and economic differences which act as a barrier to the emergence of global trends.

D) standardize products, manufacturing, and the institutes of trade and commerce.

E) increase the costs of value creation and add value by better serving customer needs.

27) White Pearl Cosmetics markets skin care products for teenage girls between 16 and 19. In approaching its international markets, White Pearl believes that its target segment spans multiple countries, transcending national borders. White Pearl Cosmetics' target segment is called a(n) ________ segment.

A) intermarket

B) uniform

C) cosmopolitan

D) divergence

E) global

28) Jeremy created a simple bar graph to show the most popular times of day customers come into the store. Which application of business analytics does the bar graph represent?

A) predictive

B) descriptive

C) definitive

D) prescriptive

E) directive

29) After receiving all of the data on customer purchases and supplier inventories, Sasha's job is to build a statistical model to help identify trends in sales and product demand. Which level of business analytics does this require?

A) predictive analytics

B) directive analytics

C) definitive analytics

D) prescriptive analytics

E) descriptive analytics

30) Viceroy Pharmaceutical decides to conduct a clinical trial on its tattoo removal cream. This trial is a ________ method for collecting data.

A) qualitative

B) prescriptive

C) descriptive

D) predictive

E) quantitative

31) Manuel included statistical information he found on the Nielsen research company website in his report. These statistics are a type of

A) primary data.

B) qualitative information.

C) secondary data.

D) descriptive analysis.

E) prescriptive analysis.

32) Brettson Inc. is a major player in the U.S. consumer electronics markets. It sells radios, televisions, DVD players, and a number of similar products. Its CEO believes that the company can go into international markets with the same product line that it offers in the United States. What might limit Brettson Inc.'s ability to sell a standardized product to a global market using a standardized marketing strategy?

A) modern transportation

B) networked communications technologies

C) rise of the global media phenomenon

D) development of a global culture

E) differences in product and technical standards

33) While cultural differences should always be considered, which industry should be especially aware of traditions when trying to enter a foreign market?

A) clothing

B) agriculture

C) furniture

D) food

E) paper

34) What trend contradicts Theodore Levitt's arguments for the globalization of world markets?

A) Consumers in most developed countries do not sacrifice preferred attributes for lower prices.

B) Tastes and preferences are becoming more cosmopolitan due to cultural convergence.

C) Similar product and technical standards across countries help a firm sell the same product worldwide.

D) The emergence of the global youth segment is evidence of market segments that transcend national borders.

E) The structure of market segments is extremely similar in various countries.

35) Kendrik was frustrated that his DVD player wouldn't play a DVD he purchased while on vacation in Great Britain. When he called the manufacturer to complain, he was told that European DVDs are formatted differently and won't play on all machines. This is evidence of how ________ can place a constraint on global markets.

A) differences in technical standards

B) purchasing parity

C) cosmopolitan tastes and preferences

D) market segments that transcend national borders

E) a convergence of cultures

36) Majestic Hats, based in Ontario, is determining how to deliver its product to consumers in England. What strategy is the company working on?

A) marketing

B) distribution

C) analytics

D) communication

E) pricing

37) When analyzing the Central American market, Hudson Supply Inc. noticed that a few retailers supplied most of the market with all-cotton clothing. What kind of a retail system does this market have?

A) fragmented

B) dispersed

C) isolated

D) concentrated

E) exclusive

38) Algonquin Cosmetics noticed that while India had a population of more than 1.2 billion people, the retail market was such that more than 95 percent of retail was through stand-alone stores that were not part of a chain. In other words, if Algonquin were to enter India, they would have to sell through thousands of independent retail stores. What kind of a retail system does India have for the products that Algonquin Cosmetics is trying to sell?

A) fragmented

B) dispersed

C) isolated

D) concentrated

E) exclusive

39) A nation with thousands of retail stores and only one national chain store has a ________ retail system.

A) concentrated

B) fragmented

C) focused

D) consolidated

E) exclusive

40) The United States has a very concentrated retail market with a few large national chains dominating the market. What factor has contributed to greater retail concentration in a developed country like the United States?

A) local neighborhood stores

B) increased car ownership

C) retail system that encourages long channel length

D) increase in single-income households

E) increase in population density

41) What factor contributes to greater retail concentration in developed countries?

A) number of households owning televisions

B) number of families with two or more children

C) increase in the currency value of the country

D) number of households with refrigerators and freezers

E) decrease in per capita income

42) The number of intermediaries between the product (or manufacturer) and the consumer is referred to as

A) channel length.

B) channel quality.

C) channel exclusivity.

D) channel fragmentation.

E) channel concentration.

43) What is the most important determinant of channel length?

A) degree to which the retail system is fragmented

B) increase in car ownership and two-income households

C) level of consolidation in the global retail industry

D) amount of difference between product or technical standards

E) level of economic development of a country

44) Cassidy, the international sales manager for Knoll Home Products, is trying to determine the channel length for Brazil, a market the company hopes to enter. What is the most important consideration she should take into account?

A) degree to which the retail system is fragmented

B) increase in car ownership and two-income households

C) level of consolidation in the global retail industry

D) amount of difference between product or technical standards

E) level of economic development of a country

45) Which kind of retail systems tend to promote the growth of wholesalers to serve retailers, which lengthens distribution channels?

A) centralized

B) focused

C) concentrated

D) fragmented

E) exclusive

46) What results when the retail sector is very concentrated?

A) It is more expensive for a firm to make contact with each individual retailer.

B) It makes sense for a firm to deal directly with retailers, cutting out wholesalers.

C) A relatively large sales force is required to deal with the retail sector.

D) The channels of distribution tend to be long.

E) The growth of wholesalers is promoted.

47) When determining her company's distribution strategy in the United Kingdom, Caroline of Peterson Products found that the country's retail sector was very concentrated. How should her company respond to this?

A) They should focus on contacting wholesalers.

B) They should deal directly with retailers, cutting out wholesalers.

C) They should hire a relatively large sales force to deal with the retail sector.

D) They should lengthen the channels of distribution.

E) They should promote the growth of wholesalers.

48) The sales manager for Jensen Exports is deciding on the firm's distribution strategy in several markets. He wants to find an area with a shorter channel length. Which factor is the best indicator of this?

A) entry of large discount superstores

B) firm's insistence on dealing with wholesalers instead of manufacturers

C) increased fragmentation of retail system

D) large sales force of competitor

E) smaller sales orders generated from sales calls

49) The Hopper Leg Winery from California's Sonoma Valley is trying to enter the wine market in France. To the company's surprise, it found that the France wine distribution channel was difficult to access as an outsider. Based on this, the market must have a(n) ________ distribution channel.

A) exclusive

B) intensive

C) formal

D) concentrated

E) fragmented

50) Lots-of-Light Lanterns manufactures emergency lighting systems and markets them in underdeveloped countries that often lack easy access to electrical power. As the owner, LaTisha Reynolds knows that to successfully enter a foreign market, the retailers will have to be educated on how these products work. What factor is she considering?

A) channel exclusivity

B) channel quality

C) channel length

D) channel dominance

E) channel concentration

51) What is a characteristic of channel quality?

A) The quality of retailers is variable in developed nations.

B) The quality of retailers is more variable in emerging markets and less developed nations.

C) Channel quality refers to a measure of the number of intermediaries between the manufacturer and the consumer.

D) An international business cannot establish its own distribution channel when the existing channel quality is poor.

E) The lack of a high-quality channel does not impede market entry.

52) The Indian retail market is very fragmented with many small independent stores. The distribution structure in India typically involves two levels of distributors (large regional wholesalers and smaller city-wide wholesalers). All of these lead to a long distribution channel. Homer Products is concerned about India's long distribution channel for its products. What is a drawback of longer distribution channels that could affect Homer Product's decision?

A) higher profit margins

B) inability to enter exclusive distribution channels

C) lower selling costs in a concentrated retail sector

D) lower product prices

E) greater aggregate markups

53) What is a drawback of longer distribution channels?

A) diminished product production

B) inability to enter exclusive distribution channels

C) lower selling costs in a concentrated retail sector

D) higher prices charged to consumers

E) lower aggregate markups

54) One advantage of longer distribution channels is

A) decreased profit margins.

B) lower mark-ups.

C) lower product prices.

D) reduced selling costs in concentrated retail sectors.

E) greater market access.

55) What is a critical variable that can affect a company's international communication?

A) channel length

B) market segmentation

C) import effects

D) noise levels

E) channel quality

56) Anson Apparel's marketing message in the United States is one of apparel for the rugged man who spends most of his time outdoors. While this marketing message has worked very well for the company, it is concerned about using the same marketing message in its new market in China. What factor limits Anson Apparel's ability to use the same marketing message in both the United States and China?

A) channel exclusivity

B) channel quality

C) cultural differences

D) concentrated retail systems

E) fragmented retail systems

57) While watching television, Jillian saw a commercial for a product that was "made in Taiwan." She immediately dismissed the product being advertised because the last item she bought that was made there fell apart in just two weeks. What is affecting this advertising communication?

A) source effects

B) noise levels

C) predictive analytics

D) pull strategy

E) push strategy

58) Source effects are damaging for an international business when

A) promotional messages are used to stress the positive performance attributes of its product.

B) fewer firms compete for the attention of prospective customers in developing countries.

C) the firm's marketing strategy emphasizes personal selling rather than mass media advertising.

D) potential consumers in a target country have a bias against foreign firms.

E) international businesses deemphasize their foreign origins.

59) While wines from the United States have won prizes in international blind taste tests, the perception of American wines is generally low in continental Europe, particularly France. ________ refers to the extent to which the place of manufacturing influences product evaluations.

A) Noise levels

B) Country of origin effects

C) Cultural barriers

D) Push strategies

E) Pull strategies

60) Kim will only buy cars from Japanese automakers because she thinks cars made in the United States are of inferior quality. She has this belief even though she has never studied the ratings of cars made in the United States. What type of communication barrier does this represent?

A) cultural barrier

B) country of origin effect

C) predictive analytics

D) prescriptive analytics

E) noise levels

61) In the context of barriers to international communication, ________ refers to the amount of other messages competing for a potential consumer's attention.

A) logistics

B) source effects

C) noise

D) standardized advertising

E) country of origin effects

62) When Happy Foods decided to enter the highly developed Italian market, it found that it competed with hundreds of brands. In terms of communication strategy, Happy Foods should remember that in a highly developed market,

A) noise is extremely high.

B) source effects are always positive.

C) country of origin effects are not applicable.

D) cultural barriers do not exist.

E) pull strategies are more important than push strategies.

63) When considering barriers to international communication, companies should be aware that

A) noise tends to increase the probability of effective communication.

B) source effects can be beneficial for an international business when potential consumers in a target country have a bias against foreign firms.

C) many international businesses try to promote positive source effects by deemphasizing their foreign origins.

D) fewer firms vie for the attention of prospective customers in developing countries, thus the noise level is lower.

E) research suggests consumers use country of origin when evaluating a product, when they have detailed knowledge of the product.

64) Which communication strategy relies primarily on personal selling rather than mass media advertising?

A) prescriptive analytics

B) pull strategy

C) push strategy

D) predictive analytics

E) standardized advertising

65) A ________ strategy relies primarily on mass media advertising as opposed to personal selling.

A) telemarketing

B) pull

C) push

D) customized

E) point-of-purchase

66) Super Chill Ice Cream Company has a new flavor and wants to promote it to as many people as they can as quickly as possible. What kind of strategy should the company use?

A) push

B) lean

C) lag

D) pull

E) exclusive

67) If a firm favors a push strategy, using direct selling to educate potential consumers, which of these products would it most likely sell?

A) professional services

B) food grains

C) consumer products

D) industrial products

E) standardized products

68) ________ allows a firm to educate potential consumers about the features of a product.

A) Direct selling

B) Mass media advertising

C) Pull strategy

D) Standardized advertising

E) Lag strategy

69) What is a drawback of a push strategy?

A) It can be expensive when the distribution channel is long.

B) It decreases interaction with consumers.

C) It does not allow consumers to be educated on the benefits of a complex product.

D) It is useful only in advanced nations where consumers are sophisticated and highly educated.

E) It can only be used to sell industrial products.

70) Companies that use a ________ marketing strategy rely on access to advertising media.

A) personal selling

B) direct selling

C) push

D) pull

E) prescriptive

71) A company would be likely to use a push strategy when

A) distribution channels are short.

B) sufficient print and electronic media are available.

C) consumers have a low level of literacy.

D) the products being sold are consumer goods.

E) professional services are being offered.

72) Pull strategies tend to be emphasized

A) for complex new products.

B) for consumer goods.

C) for industrial goods.

D) when distribution channels are short.

E) when few print or electronic media are available.

73) One argument in favor of standardized advertising is that

A) consumer tastes and preferences are universal.

B) a message that works in one nation will invariably work in every other country.

C) advertising regulations always support standardized advertising.

D) many brand names are global.

E) the costs of value creation may be increased by standardized advertising.

74) What is an argument against standardized advertising?

A) One large effort to develop a campaign fails to produce better results than 40 or 50 smaller efforts.

B) It fails to make use of local talent available in other cultures.

C) Advertising regulations may block implementation of standardized advertising.

D) Royalties make it the most expensive form of advertising.

E) It increases the costs of value creation.

75) ________ exists whenever consumers in different countries are charged different prices for the same product.

A) Penetration pricing

B) Premium pricing

C) Predatory pricing

D) Price discrimination

E) Price skimming

76) Marina is on vacation in Jamaica and buys a bottle of rum for about half the price she would pay for the same bottle at home. The rum isn't on sale in Jamaica but is priced lower because that's the price the market will bear. What is this an example of?

A) price discrimination

B) price skimming

C) predatory pricing

D) premium pricing

E) price fixing

77) What must occur for a firm to ensure profitable price discrimination?

A) The firm must sell a standardized product.

B) The firm must be able to keep its national markets separate.

C) The firm must encourage other firms and competitors to engage in arbitration.

D) Products sold by the firm must have same price elasticities of demand in different countries.

E) Products must be sold in countries where a small change in prices produces a large change in demand.

78) Lisette owns a shoe store on the border of France. Due to price discrimination, she can buy Louboutin leather boots in Italy at a lower cost than purchasing them from her local French supplier, so once a month she drives to Italy and buys boots to resell at her store. What is this an example of?

A) speculation

B) arbitrage

C) dumping

D) predatory pricing

E) modeling

79) Arbitrage occurs when a firm

A) offers a product at low prices through discount coupons and promotions.

B) sells a product at higher prices to make a profit from relatively fewer sales.

C) imports products from a manufacturer and distributes them directly through retail outlets.

D) purchases products in a country where prices are lower and resells them in a country where prices are higher.

E) prices its products at the least cost, risking losses, in order to grab market share.

80) A measure of the responsiveness of demand for a product to a change in price is known as

A) the demand to price ratio.

B) purchasing power parity.

C) predatory pricing.

D) demand function of pricing.

E) price elasticity of demand.

81) A business is experiencing ________ demand when a small change in price produces a large change in demand for a product.

A) elastic

B) inelastic

C) relative

D) rigid

E) dynamic

82) Demand is labeled as ________ when a large change in price produces only a small change in demand.

A) flexible

B) consistent

C) inelastic

D) elastic

E) dynamic

83) Michaela lives in New York where there are hundreds of different shoe stores to shop at, which allows her to always find the best price on her favorite shoes. In this situation, the presence of many competitors results in

A) the use of predictive analytics.

B) a concentrated retail system.

C) a high elasticity of demand.

D) the use of prescriptive analytics.

E) inelastic demand.

84) What is a characteristic associated with the price elasticity of demand?

A) The price elasticity of demand is unrelated to the competitive conditions in a country.

B) Demand is said to be inelastic when a small change in price produces a large change in demand.

C) Demand is said to be elastic when a large change in price produces a small change in demand.

D) Price elasticity tends to be greater in countries with low income levels.

E) The elasticity of demand is inversely proportional to the number of competitors offering a particular product.

85) ________ refers to the use of price as a competitive weapon to drive weaker competitors out of a national market.

A) Multipoint pricing

B) Predatory pricing

C) Leader pricing

D) Price discrimination

E) Price skimming

86) Mint-Microprocessors Corp. learned that its biggest competitor dropped prices dramatically in the European market. In response, Mint-Microprocessors decided to do the same in Asia. This resulted in the competitor minimizing its aggressive stance and returning to earlier price points. This is an example of ________ pricing.

A) dumping

B) predatory

C) leader

D) multipoint

E) prescriptive

87) Multipoint pricing occurs when a company

A) aggressively prices in one market to elicit a competitive response from a rival in another market.

B) prices its products at a loss in order to drive out competitors from the market.

C) buys products at a cheaper rate in one country to sell at a higher price in another country.

D) allows markets to determine the pricing of a product.

E) prices two similar products at low and high prices in order to boost sales of the lower priced products.

88) If a firm prices its product low worldwide in an attempt to build global sales volume as rapidly as possible, even if this means taking large losses initially, what kind of strategy is it pursuing?

A) experience curve pricing

B) multipoint pricing

C) economy pricing

D) predatory pricing

E) premium pricing

89) Health Born Cereal Corp. wants to build its global sales volume quickly. It enters all markets at the lowest price possible it can charge, which undercuts the prices of all its competition. The company knows this might result in initial losses, but in a few years, it should be making substantial profits with a cost advantage over everyone else. This is an example of

A) experience curve pricing.

B) multipoint pricing.

C) market-based pricing.

D) dynamic pricing.

E) price skimming.

90) In the context of strategic pricing, ________ takes place whenever a firm sells a product for a price that is less than the cost of producing it.

A) inflation

B) dumping

C) arbitrage

D) speculation

E) outsourcing

91) Which industry is often thought of as one in which global standardization of the marketing mix is the norm?

A) electronics

B) fashion

C) pharmaceutical

D) financial services

E) heavy machinery

92) Connor works for Smart Snacks Inc. based in California and needs to determine where products are bought by customers who live in Europe. Connor is concerned with the ________ strategy of this product.

A) communication

B) distribution

C) pricing

D) product

E) manufacturing

93) Jenna works for an energy company in Houston. Her company plans to develop operations overseas, and she is determining the role of publicity in that market. She knows that publicity plays a major role in the U.S., but she isn't sure if this is also true overseas. Jenna is concerned with the ________ strategy of her company.

A) pricing

B) production

C) product

D) distribution

E) communication

94) What has created a dramatic shortening of product life cycles today?

A) acceleration of the pace of technological change

B) lack of domestic competition

C) affluence of customers

D) increase in the number of educated consumers

E) removal of trade barriers

95) Other things being equal, the rate of new-product development seems to be greater in countries where

A) more money is spent on marketing instead of applied research.

B) consumers demand cheaper products since they are not affluent.

C) competition between firms is intense.

D) pioneering costs outweigh the disadvantages of being a second mover.

E) a large change in prices of a product only produces a small change in demand.

96) A country that has ________ creates a potential market for new products.

A) rising inflation

B) affluent consumers

C) lack of competition among firms

D) firms suffering from first-mover disadvantages

E) declining demand

97) One consequence of tight cross-functional integration between research and development (R&D), production, and marketing is

A) maximizing the time to market a product.

B) letting R&D dictate terms to marketing and production.

C) keeping development costs in check.

D) ensuring that product development projects are driven by organizational needs.

E) increasing selling costs and maximizing profits.

98) Immediately following World War II, what country ranked the highest in spending on R&D, had affluent customers and intense competition, and, as a result, was the center of new product development?

A) Japan

B) United States

C) China

D) Germany

E) Canada

99) What is an important attribute for a product development team to function effectively and meet all of its development milestones?

A) It should be led by a "heavyweight" project manager who has high status within the organization.

B) The team members should always be physically in diverse locations in order to cover multiple bases.

C) It should have preset processes for communication and conflict resolution that are developed by top management.

D) It should have at least three members from each key function included.

E) Its team members should be a part of more than two cross-functional teams.

100) The members of a cross-functional team should have

A) low standing within their respective functions.

B) the ability to put functional and national advocacy first.

C) the ability to contribute functional expertise.

D) the ability to solely focus on the ongoing work of their respective functions.

E) the ability to work on several projects simultaneously.

101) Compare and contrast the three forms of business analytics. Provide an example of each form.

102) Briefly describe market segmentation.

103) Identify the product attributes of a pizza or another product of your choice. Explain how product attributes play a role in selling a product.

104) Describe how cultural differences affect product attributes.

105) Discuss the three factors that lead to a tendency for greater retail concentration in developed countries.

106) Describe the differences in distribution systems in various countries in terms of channel exclusivity.

107) Describe the role of channel quality when creating a distribution strategy.

108) Discuss the role of cultural barriers and a firm's international communication.

109) Discuss how country of origin effects can sometimes have a positive appeal.

110) Compare and contrast a push versus a pull communication strategy.

111) Explain the factors that indicate when a company should promote a push strategy and when a company should promote a pull strategy.

112) Briefly describe predatory pricing and multipoint pricing strategy.

113) Discuss the four components of the marketing mix and the areas that must be addressed to configure it for the international market.

114) Discuss how the effects of "creative destruction" affect a firm.

115) Describe the influence of integrating research and development, marketing, and production on new product development.