Globalization And Development Exam Prep Haslam Chapter 7

Chapter 7

Globalization and Development

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Globalization has resulted in which of the following?
   1. Contraction of time and space
   2. Exploitation of time and space
   3. Prolongation of time and space
   4. Evolution of time and space
   5. Subordination of time and space
2. Fernando Henrique Cardoso, president of Brazil from 1994–2002, was a founding member of which school of thought?
   1. Modernization
   2. Neoliberalism
   3. Dependency
   4. World systems
   5. Post-development
3. Foreign direct investment refers to which of the following?
   1. Investment in foreign goods and services
   2. Investment that has a physical presence and is made across borders
   3. Investment in foreign stock markets
   4. Bank deposits in foreign countries
   5. Loans for structural adjustment
4. What types of policies have been associated with the Washington Consensus?
   1. Neoliberalism
   2. Monetarism
   3. Keynesian economics
   4. Supply side management
   5. Marxism
5. What country has emerged out of the 2008 crisis as the “workshop of the world”?
   1. Brazil
   2. Russia
   3. India
   4. China
   5. South Africa
6. Four developing countries have received the majority of FDI flows. Which of the following is NOT one of those four?
   1. China
   2. India
   3. Brazil
   4. Egypt
   5. South Africa
7. Who argued the “invisible hand” of the market will help countries find their comparative advantage?
   1. Amartya Sens
   2. David Dollar
   3. Adam Smith
   4. Emmanuel Wallerstein
   5. Martin Gaal
8. For David Dollar, an economist at the World Bank, which of the following proves globalization works?
   1. That the amount of people living on less than a dollar a day is lower
   2. That tariffs on goods has been reduced to a nominal rate of 0 per cent over the last decade
   3. That inequality between states has been reduced by over 50 per cent since 2008
   4. That poor-country growth rates are higher than rich-country growth rates for the first time
   5. That the triad basis of trade has been over turned by a multi-polar governance model
9. Walden Bello argues that the income gap between “rich” and “poor” countries ______________.
   1. has begun to shrink
   2. continues to grow
   3. continues to shrink
   4. has recently begun to grow
   5. has remained consistent despite new economic policies driven by globalization
10. Africa accounts for approximately what percentage of the world’s GDP?
    1. Less than 1 per cent
    2. 3 per cent
    3. 10 per cent
    4. 15 per cent
    5. 20 per cent
11. The term “globalization” has been associated with ____________ first adopted by the United States and Britain in the early 1980s and later promoted by the World Bank and the IMF in developing countries.
    1. import substitution industrialization policies
    2. Keynesian policies
    3. neoliberal policies
    4. Both B & C
    5. None of the above
12. How is contemporary globalization different than the capitalism experienced by Marx?
    1. The diversity in range of economic production
    2. The flattening of the world economy
    3. The establishment of a hub and spoke economy
    4. The speed and intensity of interconnections
    5. The democratization of economic production
13. Since 2010, China’s economy has entered a period of ______________.
    1. rapid growth and industrialization
    2. slow growth
    3. steady growth
    4. positive growth but a boom and bust economy
    5. All of the above
14. Instead of an actual world government, there is a system of which of the following—in which a handful of institutions rule, though not democratically or accountably?
    1. Global control
    2. Global hegemony
    3. Global finance
    4. Global trade
    5. Global governance
15. Which of the following three countries comprise the “triad” of economic power?
    1. North America, Russia, and Western Europe
    2. East Asia, South America, and Africa
    3. India, Russia, and China
    4. Western Europe, Japan, and North America
    5. China, Japan, and Korea
16. How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the world economy?
    1. The estimated losses for 2020 are greater than 10 per cent of the total world GDP.
    2. Many African countries dependent on income generated by resource exports, could lose tens of billions of dollars.
    3. Developing countries will experience substantial declines in trade, investment, and tourism, resulting in an economic recession in the Global South.
    4. Both B & C
    5. All of the above
17. Which of the following countries is NOT a member of the BRICS?
    1. Indonesia
    2. China
    3. India
    4. South Africa
    5. Russia
18. In an attempt to restructure the world economy away from the traditional dominance of the G7, ________________.
    1. informal alliances such as the BRICS were formed
    2. regional bodies such as Mercosur and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations were encouraged
    3. proposals were put forward to reform the United Nations, the World Bank, and the IMF
    4. All of the above
    5. None of the above, as the structure in place was too powerful
19. In 1994, which Mexican group rejected NAFTA and its globalization policies on the world stage?
    1. Sandinistas
    2. Zapatistas
    3. Tijuana Majority
    4. The Castinadas
    5. Los Pollos Hermanos
20. When was the first anti-globalization protest in Seattle?
    1. 1969
    2. 1979
    3. 1989
    4. 1999
    5. 2009
21. When was the World Social Forum initiated?
    1. 2001
    2. 1991
    3. 1981
    4. 1961
    5. 1931

22. How did the COVID-19 pandemic reach Europe, the Americas, and Africa?

• 1. Through the dense local web of national chains in China.
  2. Through the journeys of thousands of immigrants.
  3. Through the dense global web of international chains of production and mass tourism.
  4. Through the worldwide action of Chinese nationalized companies.
  5. Through the air.

23. What is being predicted by the World Bank in relation to COVID-19?

• 1. Effective responses from states and international agencies
  2. Alter development strategies
  3. Unprecedented and rapid development
  4. An unclear but substantial global economic downturn
  5. Wars and famine

24. What does globalization mean for countries like Brazil?

• 1. A change in its paths toward integration to capitalism
  2. A new challenge for a world economic system
  3. An opposition to the Washington Consensus
  4. A loss of more virgin forests
  5. To become part of the G7

25. Why was it argued that capitalism had finally triumphed?

• 1. Because of the Washington Consensus
  2. Because of the advent of globalization
  3. Because imperialism was over
  4. Because of the collapse of the Soviet Union
  5. Because Donald Trump became the president of the United States

26. The Washington Consensus suggested ________________.

• 1. limited globalization
  2. market-restricting regulations
  3. the nationalization of capital flows
  4. the privatization of the health sector in African countries
  5. the privatization of the public sector

27. How was China able to lift 600 million people out of poverty?

• 1. By finding competitive niches and succeeding in attracting foreign capital
  2. By finding competitive niches and avoiding attracting foreign capital
  3. By becoming the bank of the world
  4. By becoming a military superpower
  5. By becoming a capitalist open market

28. How does globalization work?

• 1. It promotes the nationalization of fossil-derived resources.
  2. It highlights the exploitation of the world markets.
  3. It gives nation-states full autonomy.
  4. It emphasizes the geographic divide between the North and the South
  5. It underpins a transformation in the organization of human affairs by linking together and expanding human activity across regions and continents.

29. Who concentrates most of the key economic, commercial, and financial transactions worldwide?

• 1. China, Japan, and South Korea
  2. The United States and China
  3. Africa and Western Europe
  4. Latin America and North America
  5. Western Europe, Japan, North America

30. What can be safely said about Africa in the face of globalization?

• 1. It has become the workshop of the world
  2. It is facing big gains from globalization
  3. It has grown economically like never before
  4. It is facing exclusion from the benefits of globalization
  5. Its population is highly connected

31. What are the causes of the increase in the exports from developing countries?

• 1. Independence movements after World War II
  2. Capital flows from China
  3. Chinese imperialism
  4. Foreign direct investment
  5. The IMF and World Bank pressures

32. How was the concept of territory been reshaped by globalization?

• 1. It is no longer the social space of human activity.
  2. It is limited to local activities.
  3. It is now understood as the space for migrations.
  4. It has become a clear and defined concept.
  5. It has fallen out of use.

33. How is the United States taking advantage of globalization?

• 1. By helping other nations become democratic
  2. By neo-nationalism
  3. By imposing new tariffs on China
  4. By setting a new stage for it imperial interests
  5. By transnational organizations

True or False Questions

Globalization creates a contraction of time and space due to technological changes in communications and transportation.

The Washington Consensus calls for market liberalization.

As of 2010, China was growing at a pace to become the world’s biggest exporter.

The concept of “transnationalism” is identical to globalization.

Trade has been growing faster than production in the era of globalization.

In 2010, even after the financial crisis, emerging countries are still increasing their exports.

Wealth is so concentrated that, as of 2018, the richest 26 people owned the same as the poorest half of humanity.

Purchases of foreign stock or foreign debt are referred to as foreign direct investment.

African countries account for less than 1 per cent of the world’s GDP.

Most of the foreign direct investment to the Global South flows to India.

As a result of globalization and the rise of multinational corporations, the nation-state has more sovereignty than ever before.

According to Kenichi Ohmae, as global interaction increases, the vulnerability of the nation-state also increases.

India belongs to a group of countries that are referred to as “BRICS.”

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to economic decline in emerging economies such as Brazil and Argentina, and subsequent political and social confrontations.

The prevalence of global civil society has diminished in recent decades.

The World Social Forum was initiated in Mexico.

Alter-globalization movements propose to break down the structures of domination and exclusion that marginalize the poor.

The Occupy Movement was a sit-in to support equity in the global trading system.

The World Social Forum is a counter-hegemonic movement.

Pope Francis encourages nations to cooperate and attribute certain functions and services to intergovernmental institutions to promote the common good of their populations.

Cairo is the “capital” of the Arab Spring movement.

Naomi Klein argues climate change is a crisis born of overconsumption by the comparatively wealthy.

Alter-globalization activists have proposed reforming globalization in a systemic manner called neo-globalization.

Alter-globalization activists believe in changing the paradigm, the methods, and the goals required to achieve human development.

Globalization does not have an impact on politics or the political structures of nation-states. It only influences economics.

Globalization means new sets of relations and activities irrespective of territories.

Social movements could not react before the COVID-19 crisis.

Social movements in both the Global North and Global South initiated emergency campaigns to feed, house, and care for people impacted by COVID-19.

The old saying “think globally, act locally” applies even more because alter-globalists are indeed acting globally.

The HIV/AIDS epidemic response can be thought of as an example of alter-globalist movements.

The Sustainable Development Goals include the delivery of universal free health care, education, and other public services mainly for young boys.

Pablo Solón argues that deglobalization flourishes if social forces help transform state powers.

Critics of the current model of globalization argue that the process is not sustainable due to the unrestricted exploitation of the planet’s resources.

According to Pablo Solón, deglobalization promotes isolation.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does it mean to say that globalization contracts time and space?
2. What is the East Asian “miracle”?
3. Explain the World Bank’s view that globalization is beneficial for the developing world.
4. Why has globalization led to the conceptualization that the current era is the “global age”?
5. Why are exports from developing countries growing faster in comparison to the rest of the world?
6. Why, despite recent economic growth, have many African countries not experienced significant social and economic improvements?
7. How has China succeeded in creating economic growth during this period of globalization?
8. Why is commodity driven growth proven to be a risky development approach?
9. On what basis do some scholars argue that globalization is “another face” of imperialism?
10. How is the Global South attempting to current policies to promote a more stable and equitable globalization? Has this process been successful?
11. Define the concept of “global civil society” and discuss reasons for its ascendency.
12. What was the significance of the 1994 Zapatista movement in Southern Mexico?
13. Define and describe the Arab Spring and its origins.
14. What is the Occupy Movement?
15. What are the origins and goals of the World Social Forum?
16. What makes sustainability a poignant critique of the global economic order?
17. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the alter-globalist movements?
18. How can the election of Donald Trump be understood?
19. What can be said about the apparent decline of the United States as a world power?
20. What is the impact of the crises of climate change on globalization?
21. What is the role of governments in globalization and world challenges?
22. What challenges are being faced by traditionally understood nation-states?

Essay Questions

1. Why did former development critic, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, argue for full integration in the global economy once becoming president of Brazil?
2. Explore the interplay between globalization and climate change.
3. How is contemporary globalization being challenged from bottom-up movements?
4. Explore how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the process of globalization.
5. How can the recent resurgence of nationalism be explained?