Full Test Bank The societal dimension Chapter.7

Chapter 7

Test Bank

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 01

1) The masculinity/femininity dimension is directly related to gender issues

a. True

b. False

Feedback: Masculinity/femininity is not about gender per se, but about a firm/competitive approach (masculine) versus a softer/collaborative (feminine) approach to reality.

A-Head Reference: 7.5 Major large-scale studies of culture

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 02

2) Countries with similar national cultures are always in geographic proximity.

a. True

b. False

Feedback: The Anglo-Saxon culture characterises countries such as the UK, USA, NZ, and Australia, to name but a few. These countries are not all in geographic proximity of each other.

A-Head Reference: 7.8 The impact of the societal dimension when doing business around the world

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 03

3) The World Values Survey is the main cultural study that (is being) conducted longitudinally.

a. True

Feedback: There have been six global surveys conducted between 1981 and 2014. The seventh survey commenced in 2017.

A-Head Reference: 7.5 Major large-scale studies of culture

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 04

4) The main themes related to culture as identified in most cultural frameworks are gender, hierarchy, identity, virtue, and time.

a. True

Feedback: The main themes are reflected in the various dimensions captured in the different frameworks.

A-Head Reference: 7.5 Major large-scale studies of culture

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 05

5) Major theoretical frameworks on culture use dimensions to characterise different cultures and their comparative nature.

a. True

Feedback: Different frameworks have identified a number of dimensions of how national cultures differ from each other.

A-Head Reference: 7.5 Major large-scale studies of culture

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 06

6) The GLOBE project defined 10 dimensions of culture, which were measured in the form of societal practices and societal values.

a. True

b. False

Feedback: The study defined 9 dimensions of culture and 10 cultural clusters.

A-Head Reference: 7.5 Major large-scale studies of culture

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 07

7) Applying the global factory framework points towards the need to focus on cultural differences at a nation state level.

a. True

b. False

Feedback: The global factory framework points towards the need to go beyond culture at a nation state level and focus more on groups of different kinds, for example linguistic, industrial, and subdivisions in nations.

A-Head Reference: 7.10 The implications of cultural differences for managers of global factories

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 08

8) Stereotyping means that individuals from specific backgrounds are associated with specific characteristics without considering their individuality.

a. True

Feedback: Stereotyping is a useful starting point to conceptualize cultural differences. However, members of a group do not act in the same manner because of their individuality and personal experience.

A-Head Reference: 7.9 Cultural stereotyping and the costs of transacting

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 09

9) Consumer preferences and consumption patterns, language sharing, and social organisation tend to indicate a convergence of cultures.

a. True

Feedback: Many international business theorists argue that higher levels of globalisation will inevitably lead to a uniform world culture.

A-Head Reference: 7.7 Towards a universal culture?

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 07 Question 10

10) Humane orientation is a dimension of the Globe project

a. True

b. False

Feedback: Humane orientation is the degree to which individuals in organizations or societies encourage and reward individuals for being fair, altruistic, friendly, generous, caring, and kind to others and is the last dimension of the Globe project

A-Head Reference: 7.5 Major large-scale studies of culture

Type: multiple response question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 11

11) The four cultural dimension initially identified by Hofstede are: Please select all that apply.

Feedback: The initial dimensions identified by Hofstede are: Uncertainty avoidance, Power distance, Collectivism, and Masculinity/femininity. Assertiveness and in-group collectivism are cultural dimensions identified by the GLOBE study.

A-Head Reference: 7.5 Major large-scale studies of culture

a. Uncertainty avoidance

b. Power distance

c. Assertiveness

d. In-group Collectivism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 12

12) An individual’s perception, in a subjective and personal way, of the degree of foreignness of another country in known as? Please select all that apply.

Feedback: Psychic distance is assessed at an individual level based on the perception of the degree of foreignness of another country. Cultural distance reflects differences in cultural norms and values among countries. Cultural friction refers to two or more entities from different countries that cultural resist with one another in real contact.

A-Head Reference: 7.3 Cultural distance and cultural friction

a. Liability of foreignness

b. Cultural distance

c. Cultural friction

d. Psychic distance

Type: multiple response question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 13

13) Culture is assumed to be: Please select all that apply.

Feedback: There is no universal definition of culture. However, there are universally acceptable elements that comprise culture.

A-Head Reference: 7.2 The concept of ‘culture’

a. A groups of people’s shared system of meanings

b. Relative

c. Learned

d. Groups that share common values and meanings

Type: multiple response question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 14

14) The fundamental components of culture are: Please select all that apply.

Feedback: Culture is a complex phenomenon and it means different things to different people. It is possible to identify the four fundamental strands of culture.

A-Head Reference: 7.2 The concept of ‘culture’

a. Language

b. Religion

c. Values and attitudes

d. Customs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 15

15) The degree to which organisational and societal institutional practices encourage and reward collective distribution of resources and collective actions, describes: Please select all that apply.

Feedback: The GLOBE study identified nine dimensions of culture. Contrary to Hofstede’s single Collectivism/Individualism dimension, GLOBE identified Societal Collectivism and In-group Collectivism.

A-Head Reference: 7.5 Major large-scale studies of culture

a. Collectivism

b. Assertiveness

c. Societal collectivism

d. Power distance

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 16

16) The societal dimension shapes values and beliefs at which level?

Feedback: It shapes society’s beliefs and values.

A-Head Reference: 7.8 The impact of the societal dimension when doing business around the world

a. Individual

b. Group

c. Organisational

d. Country and Regional

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 17

17) The degree to which organisational and societal institutional practices encourage and reward collective distribution of resources and collective actions, describes:

Feedback: The GLOBE study identified nine dimensions of culture. Contrary to Hofstede’s single Collectivism/Individualism dimension, GLOBE identified Societal Collectivism and In-group Collectivism

A-Head Reference: 7.5 Major large-scale studies of culture

a. In-group collectivism

b. Collectivism

c. Assertiveness

d. Power distance

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 18

18) The World Values Survey project has revealed that people’s beliefs and values play a vital role in?

Feedback: One of the dimensions against which the results of the WVS are classified is Survival-Self-expression, which reflects the transition from industrial society to knowledge society.

A-Head Reference: 7.5 Major large-scale studies of culture

a. Economic development

b. Future orientation

c. Performance orientation

d. People’s attitude to towards time

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 19

19) Stereotypes rises because of

Feedback: We live in a world full of uncertainties. Hofstede measured uncertainty avoidance—that is, our efforts to reduce uncertainties in the environment, stemming from our inability to be in possession of all relevant knowledge and to process the respective information.

A-Head Reference: 7.9 Cultural stereotyping and the costs of transacting

a. Inability to be in possession of all relevant knowledge and to process the respective information.

b. The easy access to information

c. The uncertainty of our vision

d. The absence of secondary sources of information

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 07 Question 20

20) Historically, transaction and exchange has been more intense between groups with greater:

Feedback: The lower the psychic distance was the more intense transactions and exchange were

A-Head Reference: 7.8 The impact of the societal dimension when doing business around the world

a. Geographic and cultural proximity

b. Cultural friction

c. Cultural distance

d. Psychic distance