Full Test Bank Self-Concept and Lifestyle Chapter 12

Chapter 12 Test Bank

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A new Mintel study suggests there are groups of cooks with similar values and cooking lifestyles. What are the segments?

A. Unenthusiastic Cooks

B. Noncooks

C. Cooking Enthusiasts

D. Non-Cooks and Cooking Enthusiasts

E. All of these choices are correct.

2. Which cooking segment wants to cook and does so to spend time with their families?

A. Cooking Enthusiasts

B. Frequent Cooks

C. Part-Time Cooks

D. Family Cooks

E. Conflicted Cooks

3. Michelle enjoys grocery shopping and trying new recipes. She likes to show offer her skills in the kitchen, especially by using multiple appliances. She cooks from scratch at least three times a week and isn't afraid to have leftovers from one of her homecooked meals. Michelle belongs to which cooking lifestyles segment?

A. Family Cooks

B. Frequent Cooks

C. Part-Time Cooks

D. Cooking Enthusiasts

E. Creative Cooks

4. Which of the following is considered an outward expression of one's self-concept?

A. Demographics

B. Geographics

C. Lifestyle

D. Attitudes

E. Aspirations

5. The totality of the individual's thoughts and feelings having reference to himself or herself as an object is known as

A. self-concept.

B. lifestyle.

C. self-profile.

D. personal space.

E. ideal-self.

6. Jennifer sees herself as a loving, caring mother and wife. She also sees herself as an accomplished professional. Finally, she sees herself as a good citizen and devoutly religious person who takes the concerns of others seriously and tries to make the world a better place for those less fortunate than she and her family. This totality of Jennifer's thoughts and feelings about herself is known as her

A. inner peace.

B. inner self.

C. self-concept.

D. personal identity.

E. self-identity.

7. Which of the following is a dimension of a consumer's self-concept?

A. actual self-concept

B. ideal self-concept

C. private self-concept

D. social self-concept

E. All of these choices are correct.

8. Which dimension of self-concept refers to the individual's perception of who I am now?

A. actual self-concept

B. ideal self-concept

C. private self-concept

D. social self-concept

E. present self-concept

9. Renee sat down and did some serious soul searching. She wanted to understand her perception of her self-concept of who she is now. Renee is searching for her

A. actual self-concept.

B. ideal self-concept.

C. private self-concept.

D. social self-concept.

E. present self-concept.

10. Which dimension of self-concept refers to the individual's perception of who I would like to be?

A. actual self-concept

B. ideal self-concept

C. private self-concept

D. social self-concept

E. future self-concept

11. Charles was examining his perception of himself as whom he would like to be. Charles is examining his

A. actual self-concept.

B. ideal self-concept.

C. private self-concept.

D. social self-concept.

E. present self-concept.

12. Which dimension of self refers to how I am or would like to be to myself?

A. actual self-concept

B. ideal self-concept

C. private self-concept

D. social self-concept

E. present self-concept

13. Kerri is searching within herself and trying to determine how she would like to be to herself. Kerri is seeking her

A. actual self-concept.

B. ideal self-concept.

C. private self-concept.

D. social self-concept.

E. present self-concept.

14. One of the major distinctions of self-concept is between __________ and __________—which is also related to an important value dimension in the United States and abroad.

A. private self-concept; public self-concept

B. personal self-concept; interpersonal self-concept

C. actual self-concept; past self-concept

D. independent self-concept; interdependent self-concept

E. present self-concept; future self-concept

15. Richard is reassessing his life and asking himself, "How am I seen by others?" He is also asking himself, "How would I like to be seen by others?" Richard is seeking his

A. actual self-concept.

B. ideal self-concept.

C. private self-concept.

D. social self-concept.

E. real self-concept.

16. Self-concepts have been categorized into two types, which are

A. primary and secondary.

B. manifest and latent.

C. independent and interdependent.

D. yin and yang.

E. direct and indirect.

17. Which type of self-concept emphasizes personal goals, characteristics, achievements, and desires?

A. primary self-concept

B. individual self-concept

C. interdependent self-concept

D. independent self-concept

E. connected self-concept

18. Individuals with independent self-concepts tend to be

A. autonomous.

B. holistic.

C. connected.

D. obedient.

E. All of these choices are correct.

19. Amber tends to be individualistic and prefers to do things her own way. She lives on her own and decides for herself what she wants to do or how to do things. Which type of self-concept describes Amber?

A. primary self-concept

B. individual self-concept

C. interdependent self-concept

D. independent self-concept

E. connected self-concept

20. Which type of self-concept emphasizes family, cultural, professional, and social relationships?

A. group self-concept

B. individual self-concept

C. interdependent self-concept

D. independent self-concept

E. connected self-concept

21. Individuals with which type of self-concept tend to be obedient, sociocentric, holistic, connected, and relation oriented?

A. group self-concept

B. individual self-concept

C. interdependent self-concept

D. independent self-concept

E. connected self-concept

22. Barbara derives the meaning of herself from her relationships with her family. She has never sought a career of her own, and she is most happy when she is "taking care of someone." If her grandchildren do not like what is prepared for dinner, she will make them something else. Which type of self-concept does Barbara have?

A. role-based self-concept

B. individual self-concept

C. interdependent self-concept

D. independent self-concept

E. connected self-concept

23. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding self-concept and culture?

A. The self-concept is important in all cultures.

B. Those aspects of the self that are most valued and most influence consumption and other behaviors do not vary across cultures.

C. An independent construal of the self is based on the predominant Western cultural belief that individuals are inherently separate.

D. An interdependent construal of the self is based on the common Asian cultural belief in the fundamental connectedness of human beings.

E. All the choices are true

24. The extended self consists of the self plus

A. all others.

B. family members.

C. friends.

D. possessions.

E. the ideal self.

25. Carla and her family lost their home and everything in it in to a fire. People would console her by saying that at least her family was not harmed and that everything else can be replaced. She would reply, "I know it was just stuff, but it was our stuff and was special to us." This is reflecting Carla's

A. self-concept.

B. extended self.

C. past self.

D. ideal self.

E. personal self.

26. An experience that surpasses the usual level of intensity, meaningfulness, and richness and produces feelings of joy and self-fulfillment is known as a(n)

A. peak experience.

B. defining moment.

C. ultimate experience.

D. ideal experience.

E. intense experience.

27. What is the most common measurement approach to measuring self-concept?

A. semantic differential

B. likert items

C. 100-point constant-sum scale

D. nominal variables

E. open-ended questions

28. The extent to which an individual includes important brands as part of their self-concepts is known as (the)

A. acquisition effect.

B. brand engagement.

C. materialistic effect.

D. endowment effect.

E. evaluation effect.

29. A market researcher asked Adam to place an "X" on one of the seven spaces that are placed between several sets of adjectives that best represents how he sees himself on those two opposite adjectives. This is the most common approach to measuring self-concept and is known as

A. semantic differentials.

B. Likert items.

C. a 100-point constant-sum scale.

D. nominal variables.

E. open-ended questions.

30. The tendency of an owner to evaluate an object more favorably than a nonowner is called the

A. personal bias effect.

B. personal relevance effect.

C. mere ownership effect.

D. possessive effect.

E. mere exposure effect.

31. __________ percent of women in a study reported in the Dove consumer insight perceived their actual beauty to fall short of their ideal.

A. Ninety-eight

B. Ten

C. Fifty

D. Twenty-five

E. Thirty

32. Self-image congruity influences on brand preference and choice depend on which of the following?

A. individual factors

B. product factors

C. situational factors

D. individual factors and product factors

E. individual factors, product factors, and situational factors

33. For which type of product is self-image congruity likely to matter more?

A. vacuum

B. laundry detergent

C. perfume

D. paper towel

E. lawn mower

34. Consumers who place heavy weight on the opinions and feelings of others are called

A. independents.

B. interdependents.

C. high self-monitors.

D. low self-monitors.

E. conspicuous consumers.

35. Before doing most things, Erin considers what others will think of her actions and how her behavior will affect them. Others' opinions and feelings really matter to her, more so than most people she knows. Erin is an example of a(n)

A. independent.

B. thinker.

C. high self-monitor.

D. low self-monitor.

E. conspicuous consumer.

36. Consumers who do not place heavy weight on the opinions and feelings of others are called

A. independents.

B. interdependents.

C. high self-monitors.

D. low self-monitors.

E. conspicuous consumers.

37. Self-image congruity really doesn't matter much to Sam, particularly because he doesn't usually consider the opinions of others or their feelings when he acts. Sam would be described as a(n)

A. independent.

B. thinker.

C. high self-monitor.

D. low self-monitor.

E. conspicuous consumer.

38. __________ is how a person lives.

A. Personality

B. Self-concept

C. Lifestyle

D. Subculture

E. Consumption

39. Individuals with which type of self-concept are more likely to seek adventure and excitement through travel, sports, and entertainment, to be opinion leaders, and to prefer magazines over TV?

A. independents

B. interdependents

C. self-monitors

D. idealists

E. doers

40. Individuals with which type of self-concept are more likely to engage in home and domestic-related activities and entertainment including cooking at home and from scratch?

A. independents

B. interdependents

C. self-monitors

D. idealists

E. doers

41. Attempts to develop quantitative measures of lifestyle were initially referred to as __________, and is a term that is frequently used interchangeably with lifestyle.

A. demographics

B. lifeographics

C. household life cycle

D. psychographics

E. personality

42. Which of the following is typically included in a psychographic or lifestyle study?

A. attitudes

B. values

C. activities and interests

D. demographics

E. All of these choices are correct.

43. Carmen was participating in a psychographic study, and several questions pertained to activities and interests. Questions regarding this aspect of lifestyle include which of the following?

A. evaluative statements about other people, places, ideas, products, and so forth

B. widely held beliefs about what is acceptable or desirable

C. nonoccupational behaviors to which consumers devote time and effort, such as hobbies, sports, public service, and church

D. age, education, income, occupation, family structure, ethnic background, gender, and geographic location

E. specific media the consumers utilize

44. Which of the following is a lifestyle segment of Porsche owners?

A. Enthusiasts

B. Fast Forwards

C. Traditionalists

D. Bon Vivants

E. All of these choices are correct.

45. With respect to the specific lifestyle scheme developed by Porsche, which segment of consumers is ambitious and driven, values power and control, and expects to be noticed?

A. Top Guns

B. Elitists

C. Proud Patrons

D. Bon Vivants

E. Fantasists

46. Rod purchased a Porsche to satisfy himself, not to impress others. He sees this car as a reward for his hard work. To which segment of Porsche owners does Rod belong?

A. Top Guns

B. Elitists

C. Proud Patrons

D. Bon Vivants

E. Fantasists

47. Which of the following is one of Experian's technology profiles based on an extensive analysis of attitudes, lifestyle, and adoption and usage patterns related to technology?

A. Wizards

B. Journeymen

C. Apprentices

D. Novices

E. All of these choices are correct.

48. Which of the following is not one of Experian's technology profiles?

A. Wizards

B. Journeymen

C. Apprentices

D. Enthusiasts

E. Novices

49. Which segment of Experian online shoppers is driven by the desire for new technology as a means for improving all aspects of life?

A. Minimalists

B. Wizards

C. Journeymen

D. Apprentices

E. Novices

50. Janice is a 48-year-old married woman who uses technology as a major source of information and shopping. She has a DVD drive on her computer and enjoys satellite radio, but would do more if she could afford it. To which technology segment does Janice belong?

A. Novices

B. Gatherers

C. Apprentices

D. Enthusiasts

E. Journeymen

51. Which consumer technology segment is mature, retired, with low household income, and confused by technology?

A. Journeymen

B. Gatherers

C. Apprentices

D. Novices

E. Traditionalists

52. Which technology segment is characterized by the statement "technology is life"? These folks are enthusiastic and adventurous users of new technology.

A. Wizards

B. Journeymen

C. Apprentices

D. Novices

E. Enthusiasts

53. Consumers in which technology segment are young and established, knowledgeable and confident in their use of new technology, and just a notch down from Wizards in their enthusiasm for technology?

A. Seekers

B. Techno-Strivers

C. Journeymen

D. Apprentices

E. Media Junkies

54. Sarah is a retired grandmother of two who is resistant to change. Her grandchildren have managed to teach her how to email them at college, but she doesn't want to do more. To which technology segment does Sarah belong?

A. Wizards

B. Journeymen

C. Apprentices

D. Novices

E. Mouse Potatoes

55. What are the two dimensions of the VALS typology of consumers?

A. age and gender

B. age and stage of family life cycle

C. stage of family life cycle and resources

D. primary motivation and resources

E. primary motivation and age

56. Which of the following is not a primary motivation on which the VALS typology is based?

A. ideals motivation

B. achievement motivation

C. self-expression motivation

D. realist motivation

E. All of these choices are primary motivations in the VALS typology.

57. In the VALS typology, which primary motivation is characteristic of consumers guided in their choices by their beliefs and principles rather than by feelings or desire for social approval?

A. ideals motivation

B. achievement motivation

C. self-expression motivation

D. realist motivation

E. focused motivation

58. Pamela is a consumer who is guided in her choices by her beliefs and principles rather than by feelings or desire for social approval. She tends to purchase products based on functionality and reliability. Which primary motive is guiding Pamela's behavior?

A. ideals motivation

B. achievement motivation

C. self-expression motivation

D. realist motivation

E. focused motivation

59. Consumers driven by which primary motivation strive for a clear social position, are strongly influenced by the actions, approval, and opinions of others, and tend to purchase status symbols?

A. ideals motivation

B. achievement motivation

C. self-expression motivation

D. realist motivation

E. focused motivation

60. Bob is a consumer who strives for a clear social position and is strongly influenced by the actions, approval, and opinions of others. He drives an expensive automobile, and only buys brands of clothing that are considered "status symbols." Which primary motivation is driving Bob's behavior?

A. ideals motivation

B. achievement motivation

C. self-expression motivation

D. realist motivation

E. focused motivation

61. Action-oriented consumers that strive to express their individuality through their choices and purchase experiences are driven by which primary motivation?

A. ideals motivation

B. achievement motivation

C. self-expression motivation

D. realist motivation

E. focused motivation

62. Marty is an action-oriented consumer, and he strives to express his individuality through his choices. He purchases products and services for the experience they can provide him rather than what they might say about him to others. Which primary motivation is guiding Marty's behavior?

A. ideals motivation

B. achievement motivation

C. self-expression motivation

D. realist motivation

E. focused motivation

63. Which of the following is a VALS segment of consumers?

A. Traditionalists

B. Minimalists

C. Blue Blood Estates

D. Believers

E. Enthusiasts

64. Which VALS segment of consumers comprises successful, sophisticated, active, take-charge people with high self-esteem and abundant resources and are driven by a mix of motivations?

A. Achievers

B. Makers

C. Innovators

D. Thinkers

E. Experiencers

65. David is a retired attorney who is satisfied and comfortable with his life. He keeps informed about the world by reading three newspapers a day and attends lectures at the senior activity center near his home. He is very content with his life, and he tends to center his leisure activities around his home. He plans his purchases carefully and looks for functionality, value, and durability in the products he buys. Which VALS segment best describes David?

A. Achievers

B. Makers

C. Innovators

D. Thinkers

E. Experiencers

66. Which VALS segment consists of consumers that are strongly traditional, conservative, and motivated by ideals?

A. Achievers

B. Makers

C. Believers

D. Experiencers

E. Innovators

67. Jonathon is a career-oriented person. He values predictability over change. Premium products are important to him to show friends he is successful. To which VALS segment does Jonathon belong?

A. Achievers

B. Makers

C. Believers

D. Experiencers

E. Innovators

68. Which VALS segment of consumers is style conscious and trendy, has limited income, and feels life isn't fair?

A. Experiencers

B. Strivers

C. Survivors

D. Makers

E. Believers

69. Graham is a college student who is impulsive and somewhat rebellious. He seeks out variety and excitement, usually looking for something new, offbeat, and risky. Even though he was old enough, he didn't vote in the last presidential election and is not very interested in world events. To which VALS segment does Graham belong?

A. Experiencers

B. Strivers

C. Survivors

D. Makers

E. Believers

70. Leonard is a hardworking individual who works for himself and can do just about any construction or carpentry job around. He builds cabinets primarily, but he has also done masonry work. His idea of fun is fixing his truck, and several of his friends and family have him work on their cars as well. He is unimpressed by material possessions other than those with a practical or functional purpose. To which VALS segment does Leonard belong?

A. Experiencers

B. Strivers

C. Survivors

D. Makers

E. Believers

71. Which VALS segment of consumers leads the most constricted lives, living simply on limited incomes with a focus on safety and security?

A. Experiencers

B. Strivers

C. Survivors

D. Makers

E. Believers

72. What is the premise underlying geodemographic analyses?

A. Age is the primary factor influencing lifestyle.

B. Lifestyle, and thus consumption, is largely driven by demographic factors.

C. Lifestyle, and thus consumption, is largely driven by education.

D. Lifestyle cannot be measured, that is why geographic and demographic variables are analyzed.

E. Lifestyle, and thus consumption, is based on primary motivations and resources.

73. How many PRIZM segments are there?

A. 8

B. 10

C. 38

D. 54

E. 68

74. Which following PRIZM factor is determined by population density, relates to where people live, and is strongly related to the lifestyles people lead?

A. ethnicity

B. geodemographics

C. urbanization

D. life stage

E. consensus

75. Which of the following is a major PRIZM social group?

A. urban

B. family life

C. mature years

D. younger years

E. All of these choices are correct.

76. Which PRIZM social group is characterized by smaller, less densely populated cities or satellites to major cities?

A. Urban

B. Suburban

C. Second City

D. Town & Rural

E. Rural

77. Which of the following is a major PRIZM life stage group?

A. Urban

B. Town & Rural

C. Second City

D. Strivers

E. Family Life

78. Which PRIZM segment consists of consumers that are older, upper-class, successful, college-educated professionals with no kids at home, and often among the leading citizens of their small-town communities?

A. Golden Ponds

B. Urban Achievers

C. Big Fish, Small Pond

D. Pools & Patios

E. Town & Rural

79. Carl is middle age and single. He has a high school education and works at a hotel as a desk clerk. He lives in a tiny apartment. Even though he doesn't have a high income, he tries to live an active life attending sporting events, and sometimes he brings a date with him. To which PRIZM group does Carl belong?

A. Young Digerati

B. Bohemian Mix

C. Young & Rustic

D. Big Fish, Small Pond

E. Minimalists

80. Which of the following is a global lifestyle segment identified by Experian's Mosaic Global system?

A. Low Income Experiencers

B. Young & Rustic

C. Young Digerati

D. Sophisticated Singles

E. Innovators

81. Which of the following is not a global lifestyle segment identified by Experian's Mosaic Global system?

A. Sophisticated Singles

B. Routine Service Workers

C. Metropolitan Strugglers

D. Post Industrial Survivors

E. Comfortable Rustics

82. Which global lifestyle segment is relatively well informed about social trends but not quick to innovate?

A. Sophisticated Singles

B. Routine Service Workers

C. Metropolitan Strugglers

D. Post Industrial Survivors

E. Low Income Elders

83. Christina lives in Hong Kong, with her husband and young children. She has a nice career with a high-tech company and commutes daily from her private estate outside the city center. She and her family love electronic gadgets and are often the first to adopt any new consumer technology that comes into the market. To which global lifestyle segment identified by Experian's Mosaic Global system does Christina belong?

A. Bourgeois Prosperity

B. Routine Service Workers

C. Metropolitan Strugglers

D. Career and Family

E. Post Industrial Survivors

84. Self-concept is the totality of the individual's thoughts and feelings having reference to himself or herself as an object.

85. The independent self-concept emphasizes personal goals, characteristics, achievement, and desires.

86. The extended self consists of self plus others.

87. The tendency of an owner to evaluate an object more favorably than a nonowner is known as the mere ownership effect.

88. Self-image congruity is likely to matter more when the situation involves public or conspicuous consumption.

89. Consumers are usually explicitly aware of the role lifestyle plays in their purchase decisions.

90. The terms psychographics and lifestyles are frequently used interchangeably.

91. The technology segment labeled Wizards consists of consumers driven by desire for new technology as a means for improving all aspects of life.

92. The technology segment of consumers labeled Apprentices are disconnected from emerging technology and resistant to change.

93. In the VALS typology, individuals are classified according to their primary motivations, which are ideals motivation, achievement motivation, or self-expression motivation.

94. The VALS segment known as Survivors are primarily concerned about safety and security.

95. The VALS segment known as Achievers are strongly traditional and respect rules and authority.

96. PRIZM organizes its 68 individual segments into broader social and life stage groups.

97. Young Digerati, Networked Neighbors, and Golden Ponds are examples of PRIZM segments.

98. Post Industrial Survivors are a global lifestyle segment whose members are slow to adopt innovative products and take few vacations.

99. Compare and contrast the independent self-concept and the interdependent self-concept.