Full Test Bank Seizing An American Empire, 1865 1913 Ch.19

Chapter 19: Seizing an American Empire, 1865–1913

CORE OBJECTIVES

1. Describe the factors that motivated America’s new imperialism after the Civil War.

2. Explain why and how America expanded its influence in the Pacific before the Spanish-American War (War of 1898).

3. Explain the causes of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898), and describe its major events.

4. Analyze the consequences of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898) for American foreign policy.

5. Describe the reasons for Theodore Roosevelt’s rapid rise to the presidency, and evaluate the main elements of his foreign policies.

TRUE/FALSE

1. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, Manifest Destiny focused on expanding American control over the Middle East and Russia.

OBJ: 1. Describe the factors that motivated America’s new imperialism after the Civil War.

TOP: Introduction

2. American figures used social Darwinist ideas to justify policies of imperial expansion.

OBJ: 1. Describe the factors that motivated America’s new imperialism after the Civil War.

TOP: Toward the New Imperialism

3. The purchase of Alaska from Russia for millions of dollars proved to be a huge bargain.

OBJ: 2. Explain why and how America expanded its influence in the Pacific before the Spanish-American War (War of 1898).

TOP: Expansion in the Pacific

4. Between 1875 and 1890, sugar from Hawaii could enter the United States duty free.

OBJ: 2. Explain why and how America expanded its influence in the Pacific before the Spanish-American War (War of 1898).

TOP: Expansion in the Pacific

5. The release of the de L™me letter, which had been stolen by Cuban revolutionaries, made the start of the Spanish-American War significantly more likely.

OBJ: 3. Explain the causes of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898), and describe its major events.

TOP: The Political Path to War

6. Theodore Roosevelt led troops into battle in the Philippines.

OBJ: 3. Explain the causes of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898), and describe its major events.

TOP: The Cuban Campaign

7. After the Spanish-American War, the United States substituted its own imperialism for Spain’s.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the consequences of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898) for American foreign policy.

TOP: Consequences of Victory

8. After the Spanish-American war, the United States granted the Philippines independence.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the consequences of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898) for American foreign policy.

TOP: Taking the Philippines

9. The American Anti-Imperialist League was formed to combat Philippine independence.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the consequences of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898) for American foreign policy.

TOP: The Philippine-American War

10. The Open Door Policy of 1899 asserted that Chinese trade would be open to all nations.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the consequences of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898) for American foreign policy.

TOP: Imperial Rivalries in East Asia

11. McKinley was re-elected in 1900 despite losing the popular vote to William Jennings Bryan.

OBJ: 5. Describe the reasons for Theodore Roosevelt’s rapid rise to the presidency, and evaluate the main elements of his foreign policies.

TOP: From Vice President to President

12. Experienced in public affairs and known for his energy as vice president, Theodore Roosevelt attained the presidency because McKinley was assassinated.

OBJ: 5. Describe the reasons for Theodore Roosevelt’s rapid rise to the presidency, and evaluate the main elements of his foreign policies.

TOP: From Vice President to President

13. Roosevelt’s methods for taking control of the Panama canal and his support for the Panamanian rebels led to ill will in Latin America toward the United States.

OBJ: 5. Describe the reasons for Theodore Roosevelt’s rapid rise to the presidency, and evaluate the main elements of his foreign policies.

TOP: The Panama Canal

14. Roosevelt considered a cause for American expansion to be controlling “barbarous” peoples and promoting racism.

OBJ: 5. Describe the reasons for Theodore Roosevelt’s rapid rise to the presidency, and evaluate the main elements of his foreign policies.

TOP: The Great White Fleet

15. President William Howard Taft and President Woodrow Wilson discontinued the trend of American intervention in international affairs begun by Roosevelt.

OBJ: 5. Describe the reasons for Theodore Roosevelt’s rapid rise to the presidency, and evaluate the main elements of his foreign policies.

TOP: Wilson’s Interventionism

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. According to your textbook, after the Civil War, Americans generally favored __________ in foreign policy.

a. isolationism

b. world domination

c. rapid expansion around the globe

d. careful expansion into Europe

e. expansion into Canada

OBJ: 1. Describe the factors that motivated America’s new imperialism after the Civil War.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Introduction

MSC: Applying

2. How did Americans’ understanding of manifest destiny change after the Civil War?

a. Americans focused more on acquiring territory in North America than territory in other parts of the world.

b. Americans predominantly used the idea of manifest destiny as a basis for arguing against imperialism.

c. Americans rejected manifest destiny because they thought the continental United States should be the sole provider of raw materials for industrialization.

d. Americans embraced the idea of acquiring territories as “colonies” without the intention of making them states.

e. Americans felt less safe and were motivated to expand to protect themselves from their militarily powerful neighbors in the Western Hemisphere.

OBJ: 1. Describe the factors that motivated America’s new imperialism after the Civil War.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Introduction

MSC: Applying

3. How did expansionists justify imperialism in the late nineteenth century?

a. They hoped to decrease the amount of government spending that went into the nation’s military.

b. They wished to experiment with other types of government than democracy.

c. They sought racial equality and thought this could be achieved through a more diverse society.

d. They sought to spread their Christian and democratic beliefs to other parts of the world.

e. They wished to help the United States become less entangled in foreign affairs and more focused on domestic issues.

OBJ: 1. Describe the factors that motivated America’s new imperialism after the Civil War.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Introduction

MSC: Analyzing

4. Which of the following was a tenet of The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660–1783?

a. The United States should remain isolated from overseas’ affairs and instead focus on western expansion in its own continent.

b. A powerful navy was essential for protecting national interests and developing global commerce.

c. The United States had invested too much in its navy over the years and should instead focus on the army.

d. The United States should focus on small secret operations as opposed to large battleships and global bases.

e. Pursuing new markets overseas would only bring financial ruin to the United States.

OBJ: 1. Describe the factors that motivated America’s new imperialism after the Civil War.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Toward the New Imperialism

MSC: Understanding

5. Many Americans in the late nineteenth century believed that the __________ race was superior and other races, like that of the __________, were inferior.

a. Anglo-Saxon; Indians

b. Indian; Africans

c. French; English

d. English; Spanish

e. Spanish; Anglo-Saxons

OBJ: 1. Describe the factors that motivated America’s new imperialism after the Civil War.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Toward the New Imperialism

MSC: Applying

6. Purchased in 1866, the largest territorial acquisition of the nineteenth century since the Louisiana Purchase was

a. Alaska.

b. Hawaii.

c. British Columbia.

d. Puerto Rico.

e. the Philippines.

OBJ: 2. Explain why and how America expanded its influence in the Pacific before the Spanish-American War (War of 1898).

NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: Expansion in the Pacific

MSC: Applying

7. Which of the following statements regarding American imperialism in the Pacific is accurate?

a. The United States’ acquisition of Alaska resulted in acquiring large oil and gold deposits.

b. A famine in Hawaii led to the American acquisition of Hawaii being called “Seward’s Folly.”

c. A coup in Alaska enabled the United States to annex the peninsula more easily.

d. The United States conspired with other nations to annex Japan and sent a special commissioner there.

e. The Hawaiians strongly supported the annexation of Hawaii by the United States.

OBJ: 2. Explain why and how America expanded its influence in the Pacific before the Spanish-American War (War of 1898).

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Expansion in the Pacific

MSC: Evaluating

8. The cash crop that made Hawaii valuable to the United States was

a. sugarcane.

b. pineapple.

c. macadamia nuts.

d. palm oil.

e. coconuts.

OBJ: 2. Explain why and how America expanded its influence in the Pacific before the Spanish-American War (War of 1898).

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Expansion in the Pacific

MSC: Applying

9. By the 1890s, the largest ethnic population in Hawaii was

a. Americans.

b. haoles.

c. Asians.

d. English.

e. Hawaiians.

OBJ: 2. Explain why and how America expanded its influence in the Pacific before the Spanish-American War (War of 1898).

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Expansion in the Pacific

MSC: Understanding

10. The Hawaiian ruler Queen Liliuokalani tried to do which of the following in the early 1890s?

a. Increase American immigration

b. Broker a trade agreement between the United States and Hawaii

c. Restrict the growing political power of America in the islands

d. Increase tariffs

e. Institute an income tax

OBJ: 2. Explain why and how America expanded its influence in the Pacific before the Spanish-American War (War of 1898).

NAT: Historical Documents

TOP: Expansion in the Pacific

MSC: Understanding

11. Whites on the Hawaiian Islands were referred to as

a. kanaka.

b. haoles.

c. makai.

d. mahalo.

e. hana.

OBJ: 2. Explain why and how America expanded its influence in the Pacific before the Spanish-American War (War of 1898).

NAT: Historical Documents

TOP: Expansion in the Pacific

MSC: Remembering

12. What was a reason why the United States intervened in the Cuban War for Independence?

a. American leaders wanted to protect the Spanish economy and destroy the Cuban economy in an effort to benefit their own.

b. Americans, ironically, were incensed by the brutal imperialism Spain exercised over Cuba.

c. American leaders deemed guerrilla warfare inhumane and wished to assist Spain using other methods.

d. President McKinley was initially eager to rush into war, despite Theodore Roosevelt’s insistence that he take caution.

e. The Spanish government refused to meet any American demands regarding its control over Cuba after the sinking of an American battleship.

OBJ: 3. Explain the causes of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898), and describe its major events.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: “Free Cuba”

MSC: Evaluating

13. Which of the following characterized yellow journalism, the type of newspaper reporting that appeared during the Spanish-American War (War of 1898)?

a. Sensationalism meant to affect public opinion

b. Strict adherence to facts

c. Reporting without political motives in mind

d. Reporting in secret despite censorship

e. Reporting broadcast over the radio rather than in written form

OBJ: 3. Explain the causes of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898), and describe its major events.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: “Free Cuba”

MSC: Remembering

14. Which of the following religious groups was particularly supportive of the War of 1898?

a. Protestants

b. Jews

c. Catholics

d. Mennonites

e. Quakers

OBJ: 3. Explain the causes of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898), and describe its major events.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: “Free Cuba”

MSC: Applying

15. What is the name of the U.S. battleship that famously sank in Havana Harbor in 1898?

a. the Virginia

b. the Massachusetts

c. the Maine

d. the Alamo

e. the New Jersey

OBJ: 3. Explain the causes of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898), and describe its major events.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Political Path to War

MSC: Remembering

16. The Teller Amendment, when added to the declaration of war on Spain, denied any U.S. intention to annex

a. Puerto Rico.

b. the Philippines.

c. Cuba.

d. the Dominican Republic.

e. Hawaii.

OBJ: 3. Explain the causes of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898), and describe its major events.

TOP: The Political Path to War

17. Why has the Spanish-American War been renamed the War of 1898?

a. It lasted nearly all of the 1880s, culminating in 1898.

b. The Spanish initially started the war but soon dropped out of it.

c. In the last phase of the war, Spain and the United States were on the same side.

d. The Spanish-American War predominantly took place in the Indian Ocean.

e. Cubans, Puerto Ricans, and Filipinos also engaged in the fighting.

OBJ: 3. Explain the causes of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898), and describe its major events.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Political Path to War

MSC: Analyzing

18. __________ was the leader of the Filipino nationalists during the War of 1898.

a. Theodore Roosevelt

b. Commodore Dewey

c. William McKinley

d. Emilio Aguinaldo

e. Caesar Chavez

OBJ: 3. Explain the causes of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898), and describe its major events.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: “A Splendid Little War”

MSC: Remembering

19. The main issue that arose with the soldiers who volunteered for the U.S. Army during the Spanish-American War was that

a. they could not read or write.

b. they had tremendous animosity toward Cubans.

c. most of them were afraid to face combat situations.

d. the army often failed to properly train and equip them.

e. they were clearly outmanned by the Philippine Army.

OBJ: 3. Explain the causes of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898), and describe its major events.

TOP: The Cuban Campaign

20. The __________ were a special regiment made up of good shots and good riders that Theodore Roosevelt joined during the War of 1898.

a. insurrectos

b. guerrillas

c. Rough Riders

d. haoles

e. jingoists

OBJ: 3. Explain the causes of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898), and describe its major events.

NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: The Cuban Campaign

MSC: Remembering

21. The treaty that ended the War of 1898 and made Cuba independent was the

a. Taft-Katsura Agreement.

b. Treaty of Paris.

c. Treaty of Hispaniola.

d. Treaty of Portsmouth.

e. Hay-Herr‡n Treaty.

OBJ: 3. Explain the causes of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898), and describe its major events.

NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: Spanish Defeat and Concessions

MSC: Applying

22. Which of the following statements regarding the consequences of the War of 1898 is accurate?

a. The war boosted American self-confidence and reinforced racist attitudes.

b. The war made Americans realize imperialism was not necessary.

c. The war ushered in a period of isolationism.

d. The war was ultimately very unpopular.

e. Most Americans were ashamed of the country’s actions toward the Philippines.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the consequences of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898) for American foreign policy.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Consequences of Victory

MSC: Analyzing

23. Because of the Spanish-American War, Europeans agreed that

a. the U.S. should grant Cuban independence.

b. social Darwinist thinking had not yet influenced American politics.

c. the U.S. had made an entrance onto the world stage.

d. the war had harmed American trade.

e. American imperialism was no match for Spanish imperialism.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the consequences of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898) for American foreign policy.

TOP: Consequences of Victory

24. According to your textbook, at the very end of the War of 1898 the

a. Philippines was an American territory.

b. status of the Philippines was unresolved.

c. Philippines was an American colony.

d. Philippines was given back to Spain.

e. Philippines petitioned the United States for statehood.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the consequences of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898) for American foreign policy.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Taking the Philippines

MSC: Evaluating

25. After the United States took control of the Philippines, __________ became the official language.

a. Spanish

b. German

c. French

d. English

e. Italian

OBJ: 4. Analyze the consequences of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898) for American foreign policy.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Taking the Philippines

MSC: Remembering

26. What was a result of the Treaty of Paris?

a. The Spanish empire in the Americas ended.

b. The start of the Spanish-American War became more likely.

c. The Philippines gained its independence.

d. The prospect of a United States empire became far less likely.

e. Spain annexed Puerto Rico.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the consequences of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898) for American foreign policy.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Taking the Philippines

MSC: Analyzing

27. In 1899, the United States divided control of the Samoa Islands with

a. Great Britain.

b. France.

c. Germany.

d. Spain.

e. Russia.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the consequences of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898) for American foreign policy.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Taking the Philippines

MSC: Remembering

28. The Philippines received their independence from the United States in what year?

a. 1865

b. 1899

c. 1920

d. 1946

e. 1970

OBJ: 4. Analyze the consequences of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898) for American foreign policy.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Organizing the Former Spanish Territories

MSC: Remembering

29. What did the Platt Amendment mandate?

a. It required that the United States sell all of its existing coaling and naval stations in Cuba back to Cuba.

b. It gave Cuba the power to sign treaties with several different competing countries.

c. It acknowledged the right of the United States to intervene in Cuba whenever it saw fit.

d. It officially ended the American presence in Cuba.

e. It prohibited Cuba from drafting any type of constitution.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the consequences of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898) for American foreign policy.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Organizing the Former Spanish Territories

MSC: Understanding

30. What effect did the Spanish-American War have on the stance of the U.S. government on Asia?

a. The U.S. government decided to assist the Boxer rebels in China, much as it had assisted the Cuban rebels.

b. The U.S. government decided to pursue interests in Asia on its own rather than collaborating with Great Britain.

c. The U.S. government successfully prevented Japanese military expansion throughout the first half of the eighteenth century.

d. The U.S. government supported the plan of powerful European nations to split China among themselves.

e. The U.S. government took measures to end most trade with Asia because it found European trade to be more profitable.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the consequences of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898) for American foreign policy.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Imperial Rivalries in East Asia

MSC: Analyzing

31. The “Open Door” policy of __________ stated that China should remain open to European and American trade.

a. William Seward

b. William McKinley

c. John Hay

d. Samuel Gompers

e. Grover Cleveland

OBJ: 4. Analyze the consequences of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898) for American foreign policy.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Imperial Rivalries in East Asia

MSC: Remembering

32. After living for a time in the West, Theodore Roosevelt maintained that Indians were

a. a “lesser race.”

b. equal to whites.

c. much oppressed.

d. treated unfairly by the United States government.

e. clearly superior to whites.

OBJ: 5. Describe the reasons for Theodore Roosevelt’s rapid rise to the presidency, and evaluate the main elements of his foreign policies.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Rise to National Prominence

MSC: Understanding

33. In the presidential contest of 1900, Roosevelt’s enemies, the Democrats, claimed that the Philippine conflict was

a. a war with a communistic and socialistic agenda.

b. “a splendid little war.”

c. “an unnecessary war.”

d. a way to strengthen alliances with Filipino nationalists.

e. a war that required greater numbers of troops.

OBJ: 5. Describe the reasons for Theodore Roosevelt’s rapid rise to the presidency, and evaluate the main elements of his foreign policies.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: From Vice President to President

MSC: Applying

34. Once Theodore Roosevelt became president, his motto became

a. “Speak softly, and carry a big stick.”

b. “The ends justify the means.”

c. “With malice towards none.”

d. “When one must, one can.”

e. “Avoid imperialism at all costs.”

OBJ: 5. Describe the reasons for Theodore Roosevelt’s rapid rise to the presidency, and evaluate the main elements of his foreign policies.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: From Vice President to President

MSC: Understanding

35. For a $10 million down payment, the Roosevelt administration arranged the use in perpetuity of

a. Hawaii.

b. Alaska.

c. Guam.

d. Wake Island.

e. the Panama Canal.

OBJ: 5. Describe the reasons for Theodore Roosevelt’s rapid rise to the presidency, and evaluate the main elements of his foreign policies.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: The Panama Canal

MSC: Applying

36. Why was the Roosevelt Corollary significant?

a. It was at odds with the Monroe Doctrine in that it created alliances between the United States and European powers for various joint initiatives.

b. It asserted the right of the United States to intervene in Latin America to prevent the military involvement of other countries there.

c. It granted the United States the resources needed to fight in the Russo-Japanese War as a means of gaining control of Korea.

d. It released the United States from its role as an “international police power” and emphasized the need to focus on domestic concerns.

e. It canceled the debt various Latin American countries owed to United States banks and established new trade agreements between the countries.

OBJ: 5. Describe the reasons for Theodore Roosevelt’s rapid rise to the presidency, and evaluate the main elements of his foreign policies.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: The Panama Canal

MSC: Analyzing

37. In 1905, President Roosevelt helped negotiate a peace settlement between

a. China and Korea.

b. China and Cuba.

c. Russia and Cuba.

d. Japan and Russia.

e. Japan and Korea.

OBJ: 5. Describe the reasons for Theodore Roosevelt’s rapid rise to the presidency, and evaluate the main elements of his foreign policies.

TOP: Relations with Japan

38. __________ was President Taft’s use of the State Department to help American companies and banks invest in foreign countries.

a. “Dollar diplomacy”

b. “Big-stick diplomacy”

c. Taft’s Corollary

d. Roosevelt’s Corollary

e. The Monroe Doctrine

OBJ: 5. Describe the reasons for Theodore Roosevelt’s rapid rise to the presidency, and evaluate the main elements of his foreign policies.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy

MSC: Remembering

39. President __________ argued that it was necessary for the United States to intervene in and stabilize weak governments in the Western Hemisphere to prevent European nations from doing the same.

a. Roosevelt

b. Wilson

c. Taft

d. McKinley

e. Cleveland

OBJ: 5. Describe the reasons for Theodore Roosevelt’s rapid rise to the presidency, and evaluate the main elements of his foreign policies.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Wilson’s Interventionism

MSC: Applying

40. Which of the following was a result of the intervention of the United States in Mexico?

a. Woodrow Wilson spent the rest of his presidency hunting down Pancho Villa and virtually ignored the threat of war in Europe.

b. Mexicans celebrated the American troops as liberators who saved them from a terrible dictator.

c. The Rough Riders suffered a terrible, final defeat during the Battle of San Juan Hill.

d. Until the 1940s, Americans maintained a strong military presence in Mexico and governed Veracruz.

e. Mexicans saw American troops as invaders and participated in ongoing civil wars.

OBJ: 5. Describe the reasons for Theodore Roosevelt’s rapid rise to the presidency, and evaluate the main elements of his foreign policies.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: The United States in Mexico

MSC: Understanding

ESSAY

1. Write an essay discussing the results of the Spanish-American war. In what way did it represent a significant turning point in American history?

Answers will vary.

2. What were the reasons for American imperialism at the turn of the twentieth century? What justifications did Americans offer for expansionism?

Answers will vary.

3. What effect did American ownership of the Philippines have on U.S. foreign policy?

Answers will vary.

4. Trace Theodore Roosevelt’s climb to the presidency of the United States, and explain why he was such an appealing vice presidential candidate in 1900.

Answers will vary.

5. Describe the controversy surrounding the building of the Panama Canal. How were the obstacles in the canal controversy overcome?

Answers will vary.

6. Describe the status of U.S.–Japanese relations during President Theodore Roosevelt’s administration. How did President Roosevelt’s policies toward Japan affect U.S. domestic policy?

Answers will vary.

7. Write an essay tracing the changing nature of America’s interventionist foreign policy in the early twentieth century from Roosevelt to Wilson. Discuss the various approaches advocated and the results of that involvement. Whose approach seemed most effective? Why?

Answers will vary.

8. Discuss the U.S. intervention in Mexico during the Wilson administration. What were the events that caused this intervention, and how was it resolved?

Answers will vary.

9. Explain the potential causes of the Spanish-American War, including the economic, political, and strategic elements of U.S. foreign policies during the 1890s.

Answers will vary.

10. How did the “Roosevelt Corollary” to the Monroe Doctrine affect U.S. relations with, and opinions toward, Latin America.

Answers will vary.

MATCHING

Match each person with one of the following descriptions.

1. William Jennings Bryan

2. Grover Cleveland

3. George Dewey

4. John Hay

5. William Randolph Hearst

6. Alfred Thayer Mahan

7. William H. Seward

8. Josiah Strong

9. Philippe Bunau-Varilla

10. Frederick Jackson Turner

11. Emilio Aguinaldo

12. William Howard Taft