Full Test Bank Physiology VO2, Strength, Performance Ch.13

Chapter 13

The Physiology of Training: Effect on VO₂ Max, Performance, and Strength

Multiple Choice Questions
 

1. The average VO₂ max value for the young male sedentary population is 
A. 22 ml • kg^-1 • min^-1.
B. 35 ml • kg^-1 • min^-1.
C. 45 ml • kg^-1 • min^-1.
D. 83 ml • kg^-1 • min^-1.

2. In order to achieve improvements in VO₂ max, highly trained individuals may need to train at intensities of 
A. 40-70% VO₂ max.
B. 50-85% VO₂ max.
C. 60-95% VO₂ max.
D. 95-100% VO₂ max.

3. Cross-sectional studies show that the cardiovascular variable responsible for the large variation in VO₂ max in the normal population is maximal 
A. heart rate.
B. stroke volume.
C. arteriovenous O₂ difference.
D. systolic blood pressure.

4. Following training, if the increase in maximal cardiac output is balanced with a decrease in peripheral resistance, the mean arterial blood pressure will 
A. increase.
B. decrease.
C. remain the same.

5. Following an endurance training program, the oxygen deficit is smaller when the subject does the same work task. This is due to 
A. an increased cardiac output.
B. increases in the number of mitochondria and capillaries.
C. an increased heart rate.
D. a greater anaerobic capacity.

6. The enhanced capacity of the trained muscle to use fatty acids as a fuel results in 
A. decreased lactate formation.
B. decreased utilization of muscle glycogen.
C. sparing of blood glucose.
D. all of the above.

7. Which of the following training adaptations does not result in lower lactate production? 
A. increased glycogen utilization.
B. increased H form of LDH.
C. increased mitochondrial uptake of pyruvate.
D. decreased pyruvate formation.

8. The changes in the heart rate and ventilatory responses to a fixed submaximal work rate are lower after an endurance training program. These changes are due primarily to changes in the 
A. lung and heart.
B. central nervous system.
C. active skeletal muscles.

9. In the first 10 weeks of a resistance training program, the gains in strength are due primarily to 
A. neural adaptations.
B. hypertrophy.
C. hyperplasia.
D. increased muscle fiber size.

10. The increase in the maximal a-vO₂ difference is due to all of the following except: 
A. an increase in mitochondria in the muscle.
B. an increase in capillaries in the muscle.
C. an increase in hemoglobin.
D. all of these account for the increased a-vO₂ difference.

11. In terms of the factors that limit VO₂ max, improvements elicited by endurance training generally first affect ____________, and then ___________ after several weeks/months. 
A. a-vO₂ difference; cardiac output
B. cardiac output; a-vO₂ difference

12. Following endurance training, maximal stroke volume is enhanced by an increased 
A. end systolic volume.
B. venous return.
C. maximal heart rate.
D. afterload.

13. The systematic process in which the volume and intensity of training are varied over time is 
A. afterload.
B. overload.
C. specificity.
D. periodization.

14. Endurance training results in increased mitochondrial and capillary density in muscle but has no effect on muscle glycolytic capacity. This is an example of what training principle? 
A. overload
B. specificity
C. reversibility
D. none of the above

15. The increase in VO₂ max following training is caused by an increase in 
A. maximal stroke volume only.
B. maximal a-vO₂ difference only.
C. both maximal stroke volume and maximal a-vO₂ difference.
D. maximal heart rate only.

/ Questions

16. In a "two-legged" maximal cycle ergometer test, if each leg were to vasodilate to the extent experienced in a one-legged VO2 max test, mean arterial blood pressure would fall below normal levels.

17. Lactate removal is greater following an endurance training program because blood flow to muscle is decreased, and liver blood flow is increased at the same work rate.

18. Research indicates that anyone can increase his or her VO2 max with training, yet a genetic predisposition is required to have a VO2 max comparable to that of an elite endurance athlete.

19. Following endurance training, afterload decreases during maximal exercise because there is a decrease in sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity in the arterioles of the exercising muscles.

20. Following endurance training, maximal cardiac output during exercise is increased due to an increase in ventricular muscle tissue thickness.

21. Reducing the number of motor units required to perform an exercise task may reduce the heart rate and ventilation required to perform the task.

22. Training that involves very high volumes and intensities of exercise may increase one's risk of developing an upper respiratory tract infection.

23. The majority of evidence demonstrates that resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy is the result of muscle fiber hyperplasia.

24. The initial decrease in VO2 max with detraining occurs because skeletal muscle adaptations (a-vO2 difference) are lost.