Full Test Bank Ethical Concerns In Research Chapter.11

Chapter 11

Ethical Concerns in Research

Multiple Choice

1. What is the name given to the code of ethics governing research and involving human subjects that was developed following the revelation of scientific misconduct by German physicians during World War II?

A. Declaration of Helsinki
B. Nuremberg Code
C. Maltese Accord
D. Tuskegee Research Act

2. Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) have been established as a result of federal law for what purpose?

A. To review all research proposals being submitted for graduate degree requirements
B. To approve the publication of papers resulting from research activities involving human subjects
C. To assure that research protocols involving human subjects are complying with governmental regulations set forth for their protection
D. To provide researchers with assistance in the preparation of research proposals being submitted for federal funding

3. Ethical standards that have been codified and embraced by governments and organizations are generally based on the following philosophical orientation:

A. situational ethics.
B. behavioral ethics.
C. social cognitive theory.
D. normative ethics.

4. Which of the following is not a basic element that is required for informed consent according to 45 C.F.R. 46?

A. An explanation of the purposes of the research
B. The findings from the research study
C. A statement describing the extent to which confidentiality will be maintained
D. A description of any benefits to the subject or to others

5. The capacity of individuals to control when and under what conditions others will have access to their behaviors, beliefs, and values is called what?

A. Privacy
B. Confidentiality
C. Solitude
D. Assurance

 6. Which of the following is a correct statement regarding ethical principles guiding research involving children?

A. Informed consent is waived for all minor children.
B. Parental or guardian consent and child assent is required for children to participate in a research project.
C. Children are excluded from federal regulatory requirements concerning research participation.
D. Approval from a local physician is required prior to participation in a research project.

7. The presentation of ideas or the works of others without giving proper credit is called:

A. plagiarism.
B. copyright breach.
C. slander.
D. beneficence.

8. The Belmont Report (1979) has the following foundational premises, except:

A. respect for persons.
B. beneficence.
C. empowerment.
D. justice.

9. Which of the following is not a condition that would allow a study to be considered for “exempt” status in an IRB review?

A. Education setting with normal educational practices
B. Biological measurements (e.g., blood work)
C. Educational testing
D. Secondary research (if identifying private information is publicly available)

10. The following are areas of protection for the rights of animals, except:

A. transportation of animals.
B. care of animals.
C. use of animals.
D. years of participation for animals.

11. All of the following risks for participation should be described (including the magnitude) in an IRB application, except:

A. risks that are physical.
B. risks of being identified.
C. risks of a legal nature.

D. risks of an economic nature.

12. The ability to link information or data to a person’s identity violates what protection? 

A. Privacy
B. Confidentiality
C. Solitude
D. Assurance

13. All of the following are reasons to share the findings of a study, except:

A. dissemination leads to “good research.”
B. dissemination is a personal choice.
C. dissemination of findings is an ethical obligation.
D. dissemination of inconclusive and negative findings is needed.

14. The following are common types of research misconduct, except:

A. falsification.
B. fabrication.

C. triangulation.
D. plagiarism.

15. The following are types of self-plagiarism, except:

A. submitting part of a paper in a new paper and citing yourself.
B. submitting part of a previously submitted class paper for a comprehensive exam.
C. using parts of a previously submitted class paper for a new class paper.
D. submitting the same paper in more than one class.