Chapter 7: Diagnosis and Classification Issues: DSM-5 and More

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. The harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders was developed by ______.

A. Sigmund Freud

B. Jerome Wakefield

C. Emil Kraepelin

D. B. F. Skinner

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Defines Abnormality?

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Jerome Wakefield is the creator of the theory of ______.

A. harmful dysfunction

B. the unconscious

C. aberrant behavior

D. categorical disorders

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Defines Abnormality?

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. According to the harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders, when we try to determine what is abnormal, we should consider ______.

A. scientific or evolutionary data, as well as social values that provide context for the behavior

B. the social constructs that regulate behavior and thought

C. cognitive contributions to irregular behaviors

D. behavioral, as well as psychoanalytic, components of abnormality

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Defines Abnormality?

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. In the United States, what is the most up-to-date, prevailing diagnostic guide for mental health professionals?

A. International Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition

B. International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition

C. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition

D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 6th Edition

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Who Defines Abnormality?

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Which of the following is NOT a part of DSM-5’s definition of a mental disorder?

A. clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

B. dysfunction in mental functioning

C. usually associated with significant distress or disability

D. consists of behaviors witnessed in less than 30% of the population

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Who Defines Abnormality?

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. All editions of the DSM have been published by the ______.

A. American Psychiatric Association

B. American Psychological Association

C. American Psychological Society

D. American Counseling Association

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Who Defines Abnormality?

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. The DSM is primarily authored by ______.

A. social workers

B. counselors

C. psychologists

D. psychiatrists

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Who Defines Abnormality?

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. The DSM reflects a medical model of psychopathology. This means that ______.

A. each mental disorder is a byproduct of a medical disorder centered in a part of the body other than the brain

B. each mental disorder is an entity defined categorically and features a list of specific symptoms

C. medication is the only acceptable form of treatment for mental disorders

D. psychotherapy cannot be expected to succeed unless it is accompanied by medication

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Who Defines Abnormality?

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Attenuated psychosis syndrome ______.

A. is not mentioned in the current DSM

B. is listed as a proposed criteria set in the “Emerging Measures and Models” section of the current DSM

C. is listed as an official disorder in the current DSM

D. is included in the current DSM as a subtype of major depressive disorder

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Is the Definition of Abnormality Important?

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. DSM-5 contains a list of “unofficial” disorders that are not yet diagnosable. In what section of DSM-5 are these proposed disorders listed?

A. Disorders for Further Consideration

B. Emerging Measures and Models

C. Proposed Criteria Groups

D. Initial Disorders for Discovery

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Is the Definition of Abnormality Important?

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Disorders such as attenuated psychosis syndrome are not official diagnoses and are listed as ______ in DSM-5.

A. upcoming diagnoses

B. research disorders

C. proposed criteria sets

D. culture-bound syndromes

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Why Is the Definition of Abnormality Important?

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Hippocrates identified an imbalance in ______ as the source of abnormality.

A. the ego

B. spiritual harmony

C. bodily fluids

D. the unconscious

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Before the DSM

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Emil Kraepelin was a pioneer of the diagnosis of mental disorders. Among the categories he identified were ______, which is similar to the current label of bipolar disorder, and ______, which is similar to the current label of schizophrenia.

A. manic-depressive psychosis; dementia praecox

B. anxiety neurosis; disorderly thought psychosis

C. dementia praecox; separation disorder

D. anxiety neurosis; separation disorder

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Before the DSM

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the primary purpose of diagnostic categories was ______.

A. the diagnosis of prisoners

B. the collection of statistical and census data

C. compliance with health insurance and managed care company policies

D. to offer guidance toward particular forms of medication and psychotherapy

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Before the DSM

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. In the mid-1900s, ______ developed a classification system to treat World War II soldiers that had a significant influence on the creation of the first DSM.

A. NATO

B. the World Health Organization

C. the U.S. Army and Veterans’ Administration

D. the European Psychiatric Association

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Before the DSM

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. The first edition of the DSM was published in ______.

A. 1914

B. 1930

C. 1952

D. 1986

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: DSM--Earlier Editions (I and II)

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. The first edition of the DSM contained only three broad categories ______.

A. psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders

B. internalizing, externalizing, and mediating disorders

C. primary, secondary, and tertiary disorders

D. Freudian, Jungian, and undifferentiated disorders

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: DSM--Earlier Editions (I and II)

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. DSM-I and DSM-II ______.

A. were empirically based

B. reflected a psychoanalytic orientation

C. included lists of specific symptoms or criteria for each disorder

D. offered significant generalizability and clinical utility

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: DSM--Earlier Editions (I and II)

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. DSM-III differed from its predecessors in all of the following significant ways EXCEPT that it ______.

A. introduced a multiaxial diagnostic system

B. listed specific diagnostic criteria to define disorders

C. featured a greater reliance on empirical data rather than clinical consensus

D. emphasized psychoanalytic and humanistic perspectives

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: DSM--More Recent Editions (III, III-R, IV, and IV-TR)

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. DSM-III was published in ______.

A. 1952

B. 1968

C. 1980

D. 1994

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: DSM--More Recent Editions (III, III-R, IV, and IV-TR)

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. DSM-III ______.

A. contained less disorders than DSM-II

B. was significantly longer in length than DSM-II

C. emphasized psychoanalytic and psychodynamic perspectives

D. introduced the General Adaptation Scale, which clinicians used to rate patients’ health on a 100-point scale

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: DSM--More Recent Editions (III, III-R, IV, and IV-TR)

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. DSM-5 was published in ______.

A. 1980

B. 1994

C. 2001

D. 2013

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: DSM-5: The Current Edition

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. DSM-5 was created by ______.

A. soliciting and summarizing public opinion on which disorders in DSM-IV should be eliminated

B. prominent researchers who were members of a Task Force and Work Groups

C. the American Counseling Association

D. the same organization that publishes the International Classification of Diseases

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: DSM-5: The Current Edition

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Internet gaming disorder ______.

A. is a new diagnosis included in DSM-5

B. is listed in the Emerging Measures and Models section of DSM-5

C. is a diagnostic criterion revised from DSM-IV to DSM-5

D. is diagnosed when an individual uses income from stolen goods to pay for online gaming memberships

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Changes DSM-5 Did Not Make

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Although many publications print the newest diagnostic manual’s title as DSM-5, the correct printing requires a Roman numeral (DSM-V).

B. As with previous editions, the current edition of the DSM instructs clinicians to provide multiaxial diagnoses.

C. The current DSM requires a GAF score to accompany all diagnoses.

D. The current DSM eliminates the five-axis diagnostic system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: New Features in DSM-5

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. ______, a new disorder in DSM-5, is described by some as frequent temper tantrums in children 6–18 years of age.

A. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

B. Mild neurocognitive disorder

C. Somatic symptom disorder

D. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: New Disorders in DSM-5

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Based on the textbook, which of the following is NOT a revision to a mental disorder that was included in DSM-5?

A. The “bereavement exclusion” included in the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode was dropped.

B. Asperger’s disorder was expanded and can now be diagnoses as mild, moderate, or severe Asperger’s disorder.

C. The age at which symptoms must first appear in individuals diagnosed with ADHD was changed from 7 to 12 years old.

D. The frequency of binges required for bulimia nervosa was decreased to once per week.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Revised Disorders in DSM-5

Difficulty Level: Hard

28. DSM-5 has received numerous criticisms. Which of the following is NOT a criticism discussed in the textbook?

A. DSM-5 was not expanded enough, and as a result, the current edition includes approximately the same number of disorders as the original edition.

B. While developing DSM-5, the authors were selective and vague with information they shared with the general public.

C. The membership of Work Groups was composed primarily of researchers, not clinicians.

D. DSM-5’s price is significantly higher than that of previous editions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Controversy Surrounding DSM-5

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. Recent editions of the DSM, including DSM-5, have received numerous criticisms. Which of the following statements is inconsistent with the criticisms discussed in the textbook?

A. The breadth of coverage of recent DSMs was expanded too much.

B. The cutoffs that separate those who qualify for disorders from those who do not are often arbitrary rather than empirically based.

C. Diagnoses such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder demonstrate a significant reduction in DSM gender bias.

D. Nonempirical influences, such as political and social forces, may have too much influence on the decisions made by DSM authors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Criticisms of the DSM

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. All editions of the DSM have offered a ______ approach to diagnosis.

A. dimensional

B. symptom- or criteria-based

C. categorical

D. multiaxial

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Alternative Directions in Diagnosis and Classification

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. Essentially, a categorical approach to diagnosis of mental disorders suggests that an individual ______.

A. either has or does not have a disorder

B. has every disorder to some extent

C. can only be diagnosed with one disorder at a single point in time

D. can have multiple disorders at the same time only if those disorders fall within the same larger category, such as depressive disorders or anxiety disorders

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Alternative Directions in Diagnosis and Classification

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. In recent years, researchers have offered alternatives to the categorical approach to the diagnosis of mental disorders. Specifically, the ______ approach has received significant attention, especially regarding the ______ disorders.

A. dimensional; anxiety

B. dimensional; personality

C. multiaxial; mood

D. medical model; eating

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Alternative Directions in Diagnosis and Classification

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. Researchers who endorse the dimensional approach to diagnosis of mental problems most often recommend that ______ serve as the basis for the dimensions.

A. the five-factor model of personality

B. cognitive thought distortion categories

C. Holland’s typologies

D. the Myers–Briggs types

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Alternative Directions in Diagnosis and Classification

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. Categorical diagnosis of mental illness has many advantages, including that it ______.

A. facilitates easier communication between professionals

B. forces professionals to think categorically

C. promotes sharper problem-solving abilities

D. is easily adapted into a dimensional model of diagnosis

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Alternative Directions in Diagnosis and Classification

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. Compared to the definition of generalized anxiety disorder in DSM-5 (2013), the definition of anxiety neurosis in DSM-II (1968) ______.

A. contains more specific diagnostic criteria

B. contains more terminology derived from psychoanalysis

C. lists more specific quantities and timeframes

D. is essentially the same; there is little difference between the two definitions

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: DSM--More Recent Editions (III, III-R, IV, and IV-TR)

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. What is harmful dysfunction theory?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Defines Abnormality?

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The DSM reflects a ______ model of psychopathology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Defines Abnormality?

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Which edition of the DSM was the first to rely heavily on empirical data to determine which diagnoses to include?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Defines Abnormality?

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. What central feature of DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and DSM-IV-TR was eliminated in DSM-5?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: DSM-5 The Current Edition

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. List two of the new mental disorders introduced in DSM-5.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: DSM-5 The Current Edition

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. List one criticism of recent editions of the DSM.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: DSM-5 The Current Edition

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. The ______ approach to diagnosis examines where on a continuum a client’s symptoms fall.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: DSM-5 The Current Edition

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Compare and contrast Jerome Wakefield’s definition of a mental disorder with the definition offered by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: What Defines Abnormality?

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Briefly explain how the profession of the primary authors of the DSM, as well as its publisher, has influenced its approach to conceptualizing mental disorders.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: DSM-5 The Current Edition

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Compare and contrast the categorical and dimensional approaches to diagnosis.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Alternative Directions in Diagnosis and Classification

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Unlike its predecessors, the “5” in DSM-5 is an Arabic numeral, not a Roman numeral (e.g., DSM-IV). Explain why the authors of the DSM made this change and what it suggests about the DSM.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: DSM-5 The Current Edition

Difficulty Level: Medium