Full Test Bank Ch.2 | The Process And Problems Of Social - Comprehensive Test Bank | Understanding the Social World 2e by Schutt by Russel K. Schutt. DOCX document preview.
Test Bank
Chapter 2: The Process and Problems of Social Research
Multiple Choice
1. An integrated social science review of the literature should accomplish three goals. These three goals are summarizing prior research, critiquing prior research, and ______.
a. presenting pertinent conclusions
b. replicating the findings of the study
c. transcribing the findings into one’s own words
d. authoring new research on the subject
Learning Objective: 2.3: Demonstrate how to search and review the research literature.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Integrated Literature Reviews
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Causal validity is also known as ______.
a. revolving causation
b. internal validity
c. generalizability
d. measurement validity
Learning Objective: 2.7: Define the standards of measurement validity, generalizability, causal validity, and authenticity.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Causal Validity
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. When unexpected patterns in the research lead to new insights or approaches, sociologists call them ______.
a. anomalous findings
b. a research circle
c. serendipitous findings
d. an empirical generalization
Learning Objective: 2.5: Describe three key social research strategies and when they are best used.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Young Adolescents’ Coping During Adult IPV
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Scientists utilize inductive and ______ reasoning when conducting research.
a. variable
b. intuitive
c. individualistic
d. deductive
Learning Objective: 2.3: Demonstrate how to search and review the research literature.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Explanatory Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Inductive research begins with specific data, which are then used to develop a ______ to account for data.
a. theory
b. variable
c. finding
d. generalization
Learning Objective: 2.5: Describe three key social research strategies and when they are best used.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Exploratory Research
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. A social research question is a question about the social world that one seeks to answer through the collection and analysis of ______.
a. real-life observation
b. empirical, verifiable data
c. a set of hypotheses
d. official records
Learning Objective: 2.1: Name the three characteristics of a good research question.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Social Research Questions
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. A social theory is a logically interrelated set of propositions that help us make sense of interrelated _____.
a. phenomena
b. questions
c. personal thoughts
d. members of communities
Learning Objective: 2.2: Discuss the role of theory in social research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Social Theories
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Cross-population generalizability occurs to the extent that the results of a study hold true for _____.
a. multiple populations
b. another individual
c. a single given community
d. one sample
Learning Objective: 2.7: Define the standards of measurement validity, generalizability, causal validity, and authenticity.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Generalizability
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. A measurement is valid when it ______.
a. provides an unanticipated outcome
b. contradicts other measures
c. reveals new information
d. measures what we think it will measure
Learning Objective: 2.7: Define the standards of measurement validity, generalizability, causal validity, and authenticity.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Measurement Validity
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. When researchers hypothesize that one variable increases as the other increases, the direction of association is ______.
a. negative
b. positive
c. absolute
d. predictable
Learning Objective: 2.5: Describe three key social research strategies and when they are best used.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Explanatory Research
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Repetitions of a study using the same research methods to answer the same research question are referred to as ______.
a. reversals
b. serendipitous studies
c. exploratory research
d. replications
Learning Objective: 2.3: Demonstrate how to search and review the research literature.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Domestic Violence and the Research Circle
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. Evaluating social theory is one of the most important objectives of ______.
a. social science
b. the human experience
c. philosophy
d. society
Learning Objective: 2.2: Discuss the role of theory in social research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Social Theories
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. Scholarly research must be ______.
a. published in a print journal
b. deductive
c. peer-reviewed
d. inductive
Learning Objective: 2.4: Develop a strategy for searching the web.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Searching the Literature
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. If a pattern in data is out of the ordinary, it may be considered ______.
a. unanimous
b. experimental
c. anomalous
d. obtained
Learning Objective: 2.7: Define the standards of measurement validity, generalizability, causal validity, and authenticity.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Young Adolescents’ Coping during Adult IPV
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. Replications of a study may allow us to establish ______.
a. social research standards
b. generalizability
c. research circles
d. anomalous findings
Learning Objective: 2.7: Define the standards of measurement validity, generalizability, causal validity, and authenticity.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Domestic Violence and the Research Circle
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. Research questions may change or expand during ______.
a. data collection and analysis
b. the development of a conclusion
c. the peer-review process
d. the formation of a hypothesis
Learning Objective: 2.1: Name the three characteristics of a good research question.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Social Research Questions
Difficulty Level: Hard
18. Explanatory and evaluative studies are types of ______.
a. symbolic interactionism
b. cross-population research
c. generalizable studies
d. deductive research
Learning Objective: 2.5: Describe three key social research strategies and when they are best used.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Explanatory Research
Difficulty level: Medium
19. Validity is the state that exists when statements or conclusions about empirical reality are ______.
a. incorrect
b. correct
c. unknown
d. empirically reviewed
Learning Objective: 2.7: Define the standards of measurement validity, generalizability, causal validity, and authenticity.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Social Research Standards
Difficulty Level: Easy
20. Sample generalizability is a key concern in ______.
a. survey research
b. quantitative research methods
c. developing a hypothesis
d. establishing a scientific paradigm
Learning Objective: 2.7: Define the standards of measurement validity, generalizability, causal validity, and authenticity.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Generalizability
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. Causal validity asserts that A ______.
a. and B are unrelated
b. causes B
c. may sometimes cause B
d. and B are the same
Learning Objective: 2.7: Define the standards of measurement validity, generalizability, causal validity, and authenticity.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Causal Validity
Difficulty Level: Easy
22. Generalizability may refer to a sample, as well as a ______.
a. cross-population
b. anomalous finding
c. inductive strategy
d. rational choice
Learning Objective: 2.7: Define the standards of measurement validity, generalizability, causal validity, and authenticity.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Generalizability
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. Peer-reviews are almost always ______.
a. conducted with others
b. anonymous
c. in-person
d. ignored
Learning Objective: 2.3: Demonstrate how to search and review the research literature.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Searching the Literature
Difficulty Level: Easy
24. Online bibliographic databases such as SocINDEX are most likely to contain ______.
a. peer-reviewed articles
b. newspaper articles
c. opinion pieces
d. informative videos
Learning Objective: 2.4: Develop a strategy for searching the web.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Searching the Literature
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. When searching the web for research materials, putting quotation marks around a phase will do which of the following?
a. produce only peer reviewed search results
b. enable Google scholar
c. limit your search
d. search video content
Learning Objective: 2.4: Develop a strategy for searching the web.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Searching the Web
Difficulty Level: Medium
26. The web provides a medium for anyone with basic skills to post just about anything. Thus, when searching the web for your research ______.
a. it is important to verify your sources
b. remember the majority of information can be trusted
c. you will rarely find scholarly materials
d. there are few ways to narrow your search results
Learning Objective: 2.4: Develop a strategy for searching the web.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Searching the Web
Difficulty Level: Easy
27. When searching the World Wide Web for research materials it is common to find that ______.
a. progress tends to be slow due to limited information
b. it is difficult to avoid information in which you have no interest or necessity
c. online scholarly information and resources are typically not peer reviewed
d. there are few academic databases or search tools
Learning Objective: 2.4: Develop a strategy for searching the web.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Searching the Web
Difficulty Level: Medium
28. When summarizing prior research during the literature review process, you should do which of the following?
a. focus on the particular research question you will address
b. focus on research questions that are unrelated to yours
c. work to discover a new research question
d. begin forming your conclusion
Learning Objective: 2.3: Demonstrate how to search and review the research literature.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Integrated Literature Reviews
Difficulty Level: Medium
29. A researcher may go through a peer-review process. This means the researcher ______.
a. must conduct a new study
b. should make changes and submit their work again
c. is prevented from resubmitting their work
d. is asked to submit their work elsewhere
Learning Objective: 2.3: Demonstrate how to search and review the research literature.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Searching the Literature
Difficulty Level: Medium
30. It is important for a research question to be ______.
a. broad
b. specific
c. valid
d. procedural
Learning Objective: 2.1: Name the three characteristics of a good research question.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Social Research Questions
Difficulty Level: Medium
31. Independent and dependent variables should be ______.
a. easily identifiable
b. revealed in your conclusion
c. open to interpretation
d. peer-reviewed
Learning Objective: 2.6: Name and illustrate the three different longitudinal studies.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Explanatory Research
Difficulty Level: Medium
32. When we conduct social research, we are attempting to connect theory with ______.
a. empirical data
b. dependent variables
c. explanatory research
d. the research circle
Learning Objective: 2.2: Discus the role of theory in social research.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Social Theories
Difficulty Level: Hard
33. The research circle concludes with ______.
a. data collection
b. data analysis
c. the peer-review process
d. external validity
Learning Objective: 2.5: Describe three key social research strategies and when they are best used.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Explanatory Research
Difficulty Level: Medium
34. In longitudinal research, data are collected ______.
a. in the political arena
b. at two or more points in time
c. exclusively from existing sources
d. through the use of web-based sources
Learning Objective: 2.6: Name and illustrate the three different longitudinal studies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Longitudinal Designs
Difficulty Level: Medium
35. Repeated cross-sectional designs are also known as ______.
a. trend studies
b. retro-analysis
c. fixed panel designs
d. event-based designs
Learning Objective: 2.6: Name and illustrate the three different longitudinal studies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Repeated Cross-Sectional Designs (Trend Studies)
Difficulty Level: Medium
36. People who have experienced the same event are known as a ______.
a. research circle
b. cohort
c. dependent variable
d. fixed sample
Learning Objective: 2.6: Name and illustrate the three different longitudinal studies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Event-Based Designs (Cohort Studies)
Difficulty Level: Easy
37. Longitudinal research measures ______ and ______ at different times to determine whether variation has occurred.
a. validity; generalizability
b. cohorts; cross sections
c. independent variables; dependent variables
c. opinions; observations
Learning Objective: 2.6: Name and illustrate the three different longitudinal studies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Longitudinal Designs
Difficulty Level: Medium
38. The three main types of longitudinal research include repeated cross-sectional design, fixed sample panel design, and ______.
a. cohort design
b. latitudinal design
c. subject fatigue
d. event-based design
Learning Objective: 2.6: Name and illustrate the three different longitudinal studies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Longitudinal Designs
Difficulty Level: Medium
39. Which of the following is necessary for a study’s finding to be considered authentic?
a. The various perspectives of participants must be fairly represented.
b. The findings must align in support of the original hypothesis.
c. The study cohort must include representatives from all social groups.
d. The researchers must not disclose their methodologies.
Learning Objective: 2.7: Define the standards of measurement validity, generalizability, causal validity, and authenticity.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Generalizability
Difficulty Level: Hard
40. Social research questions should be feasible, socially important, and ______.
a. possible to examine in a short period of time
b. scientifically relevant
c. qualitative
d. reflective of a researcher personal experiences
Learning Objective: 2.1: Name the three characteristics of a good research question.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Social Research Question
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. The goal of authenticity is stressed by researchers who exhibit focus and attention on their own individual thoughts and assumptions.
Learning Objective: 2.7: Define the standards of measurement validity, generalizability, causal validity, and authenticity.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Authenticity
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Specific deterrence theory predicts that arresting spouse abusers will lessen their likelihood of reoffending by increasing the costs of reoffending.
Learning Objective: 2.2: Discuss the role of theory in social research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Social Theories
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Cross-population generalizability may also be referred to as external validity.
Learning Objective: 2.7: Define the standards of measurement validity, generalizability, causal validity, and authenticity.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Generalizability
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Reviewing peer-reviewed articles that report prior research is an essential step in designing new research.
Learning Objective: 2.3: Demonstrate how to search and review the research literature.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Reviewing Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Social research questions are often refined as researchers make connections between theory and data.
Learning Objective: 2.1: Name the three characteristics of a good research question.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Social Research Strategies
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Newspapers and magazine articles are examples of empirical sources.
Learning Objective: 2.3: Demonstrate how to search and review the research literature.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Reviewing Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. A hypothesis involves a relationship of two or more variables.
Learning Objective: 2.1: Name the three characteristics of a good research question.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Explanatory Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Reviewing peer-reviewed journal articles that report prior research is an essential step in designing new research.
Learning Objective: 2.3: Demonstrate how to search and review the research literature.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Highlights
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Anomalous findings are unexpected patterns in data.
Learning Objective: 2.5: Describe three key social research strategies and when they are best used.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Explanatory Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Researchers utilizing the web should adopt a “buyers beware” approach.
Learning Objective: 2.4: Develop a strategy for searching the web.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Searching the Web
Difficulty Level: Easy
Short Answer
1. Briefly explain what a social research question is and the role it plays in the research process. In other words, what are the fundamental characteristics of a social research question and how do researchers utilize their questions to guide research?
Learning Objective: 2.1: Name the three characteristics of a good research question.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Social Research Questions
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. What is validity and why is it important?
Learning Objective: 2.7: Define the standards of measurement validity, generalizability, causal validity, and authenticity.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Social Research Standards
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. What is the goal a literature review? What special concerns should a researcher consider when searching the literature using the web?
Learning Objective: 2.3: Demonstrate how to search and review the research literature. | 2.4: Develop a strategy for searching the web.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Searching the Literature | Searching the Web
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. Explain the differences between deductive and inductive research.
Learning Objective: 2.5: Describe three key social research strategies and when they are best used.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Social Research Strategies | Explanatory Research
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. What is theory? What role does theory play in social science research?
Learning Objective: 2.2: Discuss the role of theory in social research.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Social Theories
Difficulty Level: Medium
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Comprehensive Test Bank | Understanding the Social World 2e by Schutt
By Russel K. Schutt