Full Test Bank Ch2 Basics Of Human Biology

Biological Anthropology: Concepts and Connections, 3e (Fuentes)

Chapter 2 Basics of Human Biology

1) Which of the following is NOT one of the taxonomic classification categories for animals?

A) organism

B) phylum

C) kingdom

D) species

2) When we look at an organism's evolutionary relationships, we are examining its:

A) systology.

B) biology.

C) morphology.

D) phylogeny.

3) When we look at an organism's inner and outer form and structure, we are examining its:

A) systology.

B) biology.

C) morphology.

D) phylogeny.

4) The most common system for classifying organisms in use today is the:

A) Linnaean classification method.

B) linear classification method.

C) phylogenic classification method.

D) taxonomic classification method.

5) Characteristics that are unique to a species are called:

A) ancestral traits.

B) derived traits.

C) shared derived traits.

D) mature traits.

6) Traits or structures shared by all or most species in a group are called:

A) ancestral traits.

B) derived traits.

C) shared derived traits.

D) mature traits.

7) Features that are common to some species but not others are called ________ traits.

A) ancestral

B) derived

C) shared derived

D) mature

8) An animal's ________ consists of its observable and measurable traits.

A) mesotype

B) phylotype

C) prototype

D) phenotype

9) The surface of the human body is covered by:

A) connective tissue.

B) epithelial tissue.

C) muscle tissue.

D) nerve tissue.

10) Much of the internal cohesion of the human body is created by:

A) connective tissues.

B) epithelial tissues.

C) nerve tissues.

D) muscle tissues.

11) Cartilage, blood, and bone are:

A) connective tissues.

B) epithelial tissues.

C) muscle tissues.

D) nerve tissues.

12) Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle?

A) smooth

B) skeletal

C) epithelial

D) cardiac

13) Which of the following is NOT one of the main regions of the human skeleton?

A) the skull

B) the vertebral column (backbone)

C) the torso

D) the lower appendages

14) The major regions of the skull include:

A) the occiput, the cranium, the opticular grid, and the jaw.

B) the opticular grid, the cranium, the upper jaw, and the lower jaw.

C) the occiput, the cranium, and the mandible.

D) the cranium and the mandible.

15) The ________ make(s) up the upper jaw and central face.

A) foramen magnum

B) temporal bones

C) parietal bones

D) maxillae

16) The opening on the bottom of the skull is called:

A) the foramen magnum.

B) the temporal bone.

C) the parietal bone.

D) the maxilla.

17) Two ________ make up the sides of the head around the ears.

A) foramen magnum

B) temporal bones

C) parietal bones

D) maxillae

18) Two ________ create the sides and top of the cranium.

A) foramen magnum

B) temporal bones

C) parietal bones

D) maxillae

19) Blood consists of:

A) plasma, red blood cells (leukocytes), white blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets.

B) plasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets.

C) plasma, red blood cells (leukocytes), white blood cells (erythrocytes), platelets, and enzymes.

D) plasma, red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), platelets, and enzymes.

20) Identify a hormone that regulates the development and function of the male reproductive tract as well as the female reproductive function.

A) parathyroid hormone

B) luteinizing hormone

C) somatostatin

D) secretin

21) Chyme is:

A) the hormone that allows water absorption.

B) the clotting agent in blood platelets.

C) the membrane lining the fallopian tubes.

D) the mixture of gastric juices and partially digested food.

22) Ovaries are important because:

A) they connect the testes to the seminal vesicles.

B) they produce sperm.

C) they store egg cells.

D) they produce a high-fat nutrient for the offspring.

23) The testes are important because:

A) they help clot the blood when blood vessels rupture.

B) they produce sperm.

C) they produce milk.

D) they filter out waste materials from the body.

24) The somatic part of the peripheral nervous system:

A) produces the sensory and motor neurons.

B) regulates the flow of sensory and motor neurons.

C) includes the neurons that work without direct conscious control.

D) includes the neurons that react to conscious control.

25) The back and the base of the skull are created by the ________ bone.

A) temporal

B) parietal

C) frontal

D) occipital

26) Identify the tissue that makes up the main portions of the human brain.

A) connective tissue

B) nerve tissue

C) muscle tissue

D) epithelial tissue

27) The shoulder girdle consists of all of the following bones EXCEPT:

A) the clavicle.

B) the hyoid.

C) the scapula.

D) the collar bone.

28) Hormones can be divided into which of the following two general categories?

A) steroid hormones and estrogen-derived hormones

B) steroid hormones and amino acid-derived hormones

C) amino acid-derived hormones and testosterone-derived hormones

D) testosterone-derived hormones and estrogen-derived hormones

29) A mixture of gastric juices and partially digested food is called:

A) condyle.

B) chyme.

C) sesamoid.

D) alveolus.

30) Along with the cervical vertebrae, the other bone in the neck is called the:

A) ischium.

B) acetabulum.

C) scapula.

D) hyoid.

31) Which of the following does NOT occur in the large intestine?

A) fluid absorption

B) mineral and vitamin absorption

C) the storage of nondigestible material

D) digestion

32) Each os coxae consists of all of the following bones EXCEPT the:

A) ischium.

B) pubis.

C) acetabulum.

D) ilium.

33) Identify the bone that bears the majority of the weight in the lower leg.

A) the fibula

B) the femur

C) the ulna

D) the tibia

34) Which of the following bones has been implicated in the human ability to produce the complex sounds required for language?

A) the hyoid bone

B) the breastbone

C) the scapula

D) the clavicle

35) The thorax is composed of all of the following EXCEPT:

A) the breastbone.

B) a clavicle.

C) a sternum.

D) ribs.

36) Which of the following is NOT related to the male reproductive system?

A) the prostate gland

B) the Cowper's gland

C) follicle-stimulating hormone

D) progesterone

37) Steroid hormones are produced by all of the following EXCEPT the:

A) prostate glands.

B) adrenal glands.

C) testes.

D) ovaries.

38) Identify the group of bones that does NOT form the hand.

A) the carpals

B) the metacarpals

C) the phalanges

D) the metaphalanges

39) The human dental formula is:

A) 1223.

B) 3123.

C) 2123.

D) 2132.

40) The large round hollow that makes up the socket of the hip joint is called the:

A) ischium.

B) acetabulum.

C) scapula.

D) hyoid.

41) Which of the following filters out waste?

A) the kidneys

B) leukocytes

C) the liver

D) platelets

42) Which of the following is NOT one of the main functions of the circulatory system?

A) transportation

B) regulation

C) retention

D) protection

43) A structural classification system of all living forms on earth is called:

A) taxonomy.

B) morphology.

C) physiology.

D) phylogeny.

44) The only major bone in the human body that does not attach directly to another bone is the:

A) clavicle.

B) hyoid.

C) scapula.

D) collar bone.

45) ________ are small structures where gas exchange occurs.

A) Condyles

B) Sesamoids

C) Neurons

D) Alveoli

46) Write down the taxonomic classification of humans. Also, name one characteristic of each classification level that describes why humans are so categorized. For example, because humans are mobile, multicellular organisms composed of tissues that derive energy from the consumption of other organisms, they are classified as part of the kingdom Animalia.

47) Explain how evolutionary relationships among organisms are determined. In your answer, be sure to use and define terms such as morphology; phylogeny; and shared, ancestral, and derived traits.

48) Name the two major regions of the skull, and describe at least three characteristics of each region. In your characterization of the two major parts of the skull, be sure to name at least three of the bones and/or structures of the regions.

49) Reproduction is a critical element in the process of evolutionary change. Name two external and two internal structures of the female reproductive system and two external and two internal structures of the male reproductive system. Describe the roles of these eight structures in reproduction.

50) Name three basic physiological systems in the human body. Describe the functions and two structures of each of these three systems.