Test Generator Questions, Chapter 32, Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid–Base

Format: Multiple Choice

Chapter: 32

Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies

Cognitive Level: Apply

Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning

Learning Objective: 6

Page and Header: Use of Diuretics, p. 1027.

1. A client is taking a diuretic such as furosemide. When implementing client education, information about which change should be included?

A) Increased sodium levels

B) Increased potassium levels

C) Decreased potassium levels

D) Decreased oxygen levels

2. A woman aged 58 years is suffering from food poisoning after eating at a local restaurant. She has had nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for the past 12 hours. Her blood pressure is 88/50 and she is diaphoretic. She requires:

A) an access route to administer medications intravenously.

B) replacement of fluids for those lost from vomiting and diarrhea.

C) an access route to replace fluids in combination with blood products.

D) intravenous fluids to be administered on an outpatient basis.

3. A client has a physician’s order for NPO (nothing by mouth) following abdominal surgery to repair a bowel obstruction. The client has a nasogastric tube inserted to low intermittent suction. The client requires intravenous therapy for what purpose?

A) Replace fluid and electrolytes.

B) Administer blood products.

C) Provide protein supplements.

D) Treat the client’s infection.

4. Which solution is a crystalloid solution that has the same osmotic pressure as that found within the cells of the body and is used to expand the intravascular volume?

A) Hypertonic

B) Colloid

C) Isotonic

D) Hypotonic

5. Which fluid should be administered slowly to prevent circulatory overload?

A) 0.9% NaCl

B) 0.45% NaCl

C) Dextrose 5%

D) 5% NaCl

6. When an older adult client receiving a blood transfusion presents with an elevated blood pressure, distended neck veins, and shortness of breath, the client is most likely experiencing:

A) allergic reaction.

B) pulmonary embolism.

C) fluid overload.

D) anaphylaxis.

7. The primary extracellular electrolytes are:

A) potassium, phosphate, and sulfate.

B) magnesium, sulfate, and carbon.

C) sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate.

D) phosphorous, calcium, and phosphate.

8. Which client will have more adipose tissue and less fluid?

A) A woman

B) A man

C) An infant

D) A child

9. Which client has more extracellular fluid?

A) Adult woman

B) Adolescent man

C) Female school-age child

D) Newborn

10. A client with dehydration will have an increase in:

A) albumin.

B) potassium.

C) glucose.

D) aldosterone.

11. A decrease in arterial blood pressure will result in the release of:

A) protein.

B) thrombus.

C) renin.

D) insulin.

12. A client’s atrial pressure is known to be increased. What effect will this ultimately have on the client’s sodium levels?

A) Sodium levels will decrease.

B) Sodium levels will rise.

C) Sodium levels will match potassium levels.

D) Sodium levels will remain unchanged.

13. Major control over the extracellular concentration of potassium within the human body is exerted by:

A) aldosterone.

B) albumin.

C) progesterone.

D) testosterone.

14. Potassium is needed for neural, muscle, and:

A) optic function.

B) auditory function.

C) cardiac function.

D) skeletal function.

15. When the nurse reviews the client’s laboratory reports revealing sodium, 140 mEq/L; potassium, 4.1 mEq/L; calcium, 7.9 mg/dL, and magnesium, 1.9 mg/dL; the nurse should notify the physician of the client’s:

A) low potassium.

B) low calcium.

C) high sodium.

D) high magnesium.

16. The nurse is instructing a young woman on her dietary needs for calcium in the prevention of osteoporosis. What food supplies the greatest amount of calcium?

A) Cheese

B) Meat

C) Cauliflower

D) Salad

17. A child is eating a peanut butter sandwich. He or she is ingesting an excellent source of:

A) potassium.

B) sulfate.

C) calcium.

D) magnesium.

18. A client reports she has lactose intolerance and questions the nurse about alternative sources of calcium. What options can be provided by the nurse?

A) Eggs

B) Chicken

C) Apples

D) Spinach

19. A nurse is educating a group of adults on dietary requirements. What food should the nurse recommend as a significant source of phosphorous?

A) Olive oil

B) Steak

C) Butter

D) Nuts

20. Which individual with diarrhea for 3 days is most likely to suffer from fluid and electrolyte imbalance?

A) Infant

B) School-age child

C) Adolescent

D) Young adult

21. A mother of an infant calls the pediatric nurse and asks which fluids she should provide her baby since he is suffering from diarrhea. The nurse would inform the mother not to give:

A) Pedialyte.

B) formula.

C) breast milk.

D) bottled water.

22. A student has joined the marching band at the high school. The band begins practicing outside in August. This student and other band members need to be instructed that:

A) this exercise will have a minimal effect on fluid and electrolytes.

B) the band members should drink large amounts of water.

C) endurance increases as time increases on the field with heat.

D) the hot weather will assist in building them up for the marching season.

23. Which age group is at risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances resulting from fad dieting?

A) Adolescents

B) Young adults

C) Middle-age adults

D) Older adults

24. Which individual will take longer to sense thirst?

A) 18-year old

B) 30-year old

C) 50-year old

D) 70-year old

25. A 50-year-old client with hypertension is being treated with a diuretic. The client reports muscle weakness and falls easily. The nurse should assess which electrolyte?

A) Sodium

B) Chloride

C) Phosphorous

D) Potassium

26. A client aged 80 years, who takes diuretics for management of hypertension, informs the nurse that she takes laxatives daily to promote bowel movements. The nurse assesses the client for possible symptoms of:

A) hypocalcemia.

B) hypothyroidism.

C) hypoglycemia.

D) hypokalemia.

27. The nurse is reviewing the client’s arterial blood gas results. The test reveals a pH of 7.52, a PaO₂ level of 49 mm Hg, and an HCO₃ level of 28 mEq/L, the nurse suspects the client is most likely experiencing which condition?

A) Metabolic alkalosis

B) Metabolic acidosis

C) Respiratory acidosis

D) Respiratory alkalosis

28. A young man has developed gastric esophageal reflux disease. He is treating it with antacids. Which acid–base imbalance is he at risk for developing?

A) Respiratory alkalosis

B) Metabolic alkalosis

C) Respiratory acidosis

D) Metabolic acidosis

29. Which statement is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for a client 80 years of age diagnosed with heart failure and symptoms of edema, orthopnea, and confusion?

A) Extracellular volume excess related to heart failure, as evidenced by edema and orthopnea

B) Congestive heart failure related to edema

C) Fluid volume excess related to loss of sodium and potassium

D) Fluid volume deficit related to congestive heart failure, as evidenced by shortness of breath

30. The process of filtration begins at the:

A) glomerulus.

B) loop of Henle.

C) Bowman capsule.

D) collecting ducts.

31. The nurse is describing the role of antidiuretic hormone in the regulation of body fluids. What phenomenon takes place when antidiuretic hormone is present?

A) The client has a decreased sensation of thirst.

B) The renal system retains more water.

C) Urine becomes more diluted.

D) The frequency of voiding increases.