Final Respiration Test Bank Chapter 6 - MCQ Test Bank | Raven Biology of Plants - 8e by Evert and Eichhorn by Ray F. Evert, Susan E. Eichhorn. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 6: Respiration
Multiple-Choice Questions
Which of the following statements about the reactions of glucose oxidation is FALSE?
a. The glucose molecule is hydrolyzed.
b. Hydrogen atoms are removed.
c. Oxygen is oxidized.
d. Energy is released.
e. Electrons go from higher to lower energy levels.
Which of the following statements concerning fermentation is FALSE?
a. It occurs under anaerobic conditions.
b. It involves O2 as the ultimate electron acceptor.
c. It involves the breakdown of organic molecules.
d. It releases less than 686 kcal/mole of glucose.
e. It is an exergonic process.
Which of the following does NOT occur during respiration?
a. hydrolysis of starch to glucose
b. formation of acetyl CoA
c. electron transport chain
d. citric acid cycle
e. glycolysis
Formation of ATP from ADP and phosphate as a result of electron transport occurs in:
a. the citric acid cycle.
b. the formation of acetyl CoA.
c. fermentation.
d. glycolysis.
e. oxidative phosphorylation.
In respiration, most of the energy in the original glucose molecule is:
a. stored in molecules of ADP.
b. stored in molecules of ATP.
c. stored in molecules of pyruvate.
d. released in molecules of carbon dioxide.
e. released as heat.
In glycolysis, one molecule of glucose is converted to ______ molecules of ______.
a. two; fructose
b. three; fructose.
c. two; pyruvate
d. three; pyruvate
e. two; sucrose
Which of the following statements concerning glycolysis is FALSE?
a. It is considered a primitive process.
b. It is an aerobic process.
c. It occurs in a series of 10 steps.
d. It is carried out by virtually all cells.
e. Its reactions are catalyzed by specific enzymes.
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
a. the cytosol
b. mitochondria
c. the nucleus
d. the endoplasmic reticulum
e. chloroplasts
When one speaks of the cell’s “net energy harvest” from glycolysis one is referring to the amount of:
a. ATP only.
b. ADP only.
c. NAD+ only.
d. NADH only
e. ATP and NADH.
The preparatory phase of glycolysis involves:
a. 2 molecules of ATP only.
b. 2 molecules of NAD+ only.
c. 2 molecules of NADH only.
d. 1 molecule of ATP and 1 molecule of NADH.
e. 1 molecule of ATP and 1 molecule of NAD+.
As part of the first step in the first preparatory reaction of glycolysis:
a. the glucose molecule is rearranged.
b. the glucose molecule is split in half.
c. glucose is phosphorylated.
d. NAD+ is reduced.
e. NADH is oxidized.
For every molecule of glucose that begins glycolysis, how many ATP molecules are consumed?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
e. 4
As part of the cleavage step in glycolysis, glucose is:
a. converted to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
b. phosphorylated to glucose 6-phosphate.
c. oxidized to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
d. reduced to phosphoenolpyruvate.
e. converted by the enzyme isomerase to fructose.
For each molecule of glucose that completes glycolysis, how many NAD+ molecules are reduced?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
e. 4
For every glucose molecule that completes glycolysis, how many total molecules of ATP are produced?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
e. 4
In glycolysis, what is the net energy harvest of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
e. 4
Most of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle are found in the _____ of the _____.
a. cytosol; cell
b. matrix; mitochondria
c. lumen; smooth ER
d. cristae; mitochondria
e. ribosomes; rough ER
Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA in the ____ of the _____.
a. cytosol; cell
b. matrix; mitochondria
c. lumen; smooth ER
d. cristae; mitochondria
e. ribosomes; rough ER
For every molecule of glucose that begins glycolysis, how many molecules of acetyl CoA are produced?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
e. 4
During the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, _____ is produced.
a. CO2
b. ATP
c. NAD+
d. ADP
e. 3-phosphoglycerate
Upon entering the citric acid cycle, the acetyl group combines with ______ to produce ______.
a. coenzyme A; pyruvate
b. glucose; glucose 6-phosphate
c. oxaloacetate; citrate
d. oxaloacetate; carbon dioxide
e. NADH; citrate
After acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle, the coenzyme A portion of the molecule:
a. combines with oxaloacetate.
b. combines with citrate.
c. is oxidized.
d. is reduced.
e. is released.
Which of the following does NOT occur during the citric acid cycle?
a. decarboxylation
b. substrate-level phosphorylation
c. oxidation
d. oxidative phosphorylation
e. regeneration of oxaloacetate
In each turn of the citric acid cycle, how many molecules of ATP are produced?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
e. 4
In the citric acid cycle, how many molecules of FADH are produced per molecule of glucose?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
e. 4
In the citric acid cycle, how many molecules of NADH are produced per molecule of glucose?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 4
e. 6
Most of the carriers of the electron transport chain are:
a. in the cytosol.
b. in the mitochondrial matrix.
c. contained between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes.
d. embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
e. embedded in the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Which of the following statements about iron-sulfur proteins is FALSE?
a. They are components of the electron transport chain.
b. Their iron is not attached to a porphyrin ring.
c. Their iron is attached to sulfides.
d. Their iron is attached to the sulfur of sulfur-containing amino acids.
e. They carry electrons and protons.
The most abundant component(s) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is/are:
a. cytochromes.
b. iron-sulfur proteins.
c. coenzyme Q.
d. NAD+.
e. FAD.
Who am I? I move freely within the mitochondrial membrane and thus shuttle electrons between other carriers.
a. CoQ
b. Fe-S proteins
c. cytochromes
d. cytochrome oxidase
e. CoA
The energy released by the flow of electrons along the electron transport chain is used directly to:
a. form ATP from ADP and phosphate.
b. oxidize NADH.
c. reduce FAD.
d. decarboxylate citrate.
e. pump protons.
The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is:
a. CoQ.
b. a cytochrome.
c. FMN.
d. oxygen.
e. carbon dioxide.
For each pair of electrons passing from NADH to oxygen, how many ATP molecules can be generated?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
e. 4
Oxidative phosphorylation depends on a gradient of ______ across the mitochondrial membrane.
a. ADP
b. phosphate
c. glucose
d. protons
e. electrons
In the electron transport chain, electrons pass from complex ____ directly to O2.
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
e. V
The electrochemical gradient resulting from electron transport is due to differences in ______ across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
a. only the electric charge
b. proton concentration only
c. electric charge and proton concentration
d. only the ATP concentration
e. ATP and NAD+ concentrations
Which of the following statements about ATP synthase is FALSE?
a. It synthesizes ATP.
b. It transports electrons.
c. It binds phosphate.
d. It binds ADP.
e. It transports hydrogen ions.
The number of ATP molecules generated from each NADH produced in glycolysis is _______.
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
e. 4
The number of ATP molecules generated from each NADH produced in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA is _______.
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
e. 4
Most of the ATP formed in respiration is produced by reactions associated with:
a. the electron transport chain.
b. the citric acid cycle.
c. glycolysis.
d. fermentation.
e. the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
The process of beta oxidation is involved in the breakdown of:
a. starch.
b. sucrose.
c. proteins.
d. nucleic acids.
e. triglycerides.
Under anaerobic conditions, yeasts and most plant cells convert pyruvate to:
a. acetyl CoA.
b. lactate.
c. ethanol and carbon dioxide.
d. ATP.
e. glucose.
Which of the following processes occurs in both lactate fermentation and alcohol fermentation?
a. formation of acetyl CoA
b. release of carbon dioxide
c. pumping of protons
d. oxidation of NADH
e. activation of ATP synthase
In lactate fermentation and alcohol fermentation, the net ATP production is ______ molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
e. 4
“Catabolism” specifically refers to the various pathways in which organisms ______ organic molecules.
a. synthesize
b. break down
c. phosphorylate
d. oxidize
e. reduce
The metabolic “hub” of the cell is:
a. fermentation.
b. glycolysis.
c. oxidative phosphorylation.
d. the electron transport chain.
e. the citric acid cycle.
True-False Questions
More energy is obtained when glucose is oxidized under aerobic conditions rather than anaerobic conditions.
In glycolysis, ATP is consumed in some reactions and produced in others.
In glycolysis, NADH is consumed in some reactions and produced in others.
At the end of glycolysis, most of the energy in the original glucose molecule is still present in pyruvate.
The inner mitochondrial membrane is permeable to most small molecules and ions.
After glycolysis is completed, the carbon atoms present in a pyruvate molecule move directly into the citric acid cycle.
In the citric acid cycle, ATP is produced in some reactions and consumed in others.
In the citric acid cycle, NADH is produced in some reactions, but it is not consumed.
In the citric acid cycle, carbon dioxide is produced in some reactions, but it is not consumed.
The complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose requires two turns around the citric acid cycle.
The complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose requires two turns around the citric acid cycle.
Cytochromes are unique electron carriers in that they can accept protons as well as electrons.
Ubiquinone is also called coenzyme Q.
For each pair of electrons that passes from NADH to oxygen, three molecules of ATP are formed during oxidative phosphorylation.
ATP synthase catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate.
Without a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, chemiosmotic coupling cannot occur.
Each NADH molecule produced in glycolysis is transported across the mitochondrial membrane at a “cost” of one ATP.
For each glucose molecule that begins respiration, 38 ATPs are formed.
The NADH generated during fermentation donates its electrons to the mitochondrial electron transport chain.
The hydrolysis of starch to sugars is an example of an anabolic reaction.
Intermediates in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle serve as precursors for anabolic pathways.
Essay Questions
1. An Overview of Glucose Oxidation; pp. 107-108; moderate
Distinguish between respiration and fermentation. Which process produces more usable energy for the cell? How do you explain this?
2. Glycolysis; pp. 108, 110; moderate
What is the basic difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation? What do these processes have in common?
3. Glycolysis; pp. 108–110; moderate
Summarize the reactions of glycolysis, focusing on the involvement of ATP/ADP and NAD+/NADH.
4. The Aerobic Pathway; p. 111; moderate
Summarize the reactions in which pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA.
5. The Aerobic Pathway; pp. 111–112; moderate
Summarize the reactions of the citric acid cycle, focusing on the involvement of ATP/ADP, NAD+/NADH, and FAD/FADH2. In what way is this metabolic pathway a cycle?
6. The Aerobic Pathway; pp. 112–113; difficult
Discuss the roles of the various types of electron carriers in the electron transport chain. Why is it important that some carriers transport only electrons and others transport electrons and protons?
7. The Aerobic Pathway; pp. 111-112; moderate
Explain why electrons donated by NADH to the electron transport chain result in the formation of fewer ATP molecules than electrons donated by FADH2.
8. The Aerobic Pathway; p. 115; moderate
Discuss the functioning of ATP synthase.
9. The Aerobic Pathway; pp. 115-116; moderate
What is meant by chemiosmotic coupling?
10. The Aerobic Pathway; pp. 116–117; difficult
Account for the net gain of 36 molecules of ATP from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose.
11. Anaerobic Pathways; p. 118; moderate
It is said that fermentation provides a means for the cell to “recycle” NAD+. Explain how this is true.
12. Anaerobic Pathways; pp. 118–119; easy
What do lactate fermentation and alcohol fermentation have in common? How are they different?
13. The Strategy of Energy Metabolism; pp. 119-120; moderate
Explain why the citric acid cycle can be regarded as the metabolic “hub” of the cell.
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MCQ Test Bank | Raven Biology of Plants - 8e by Evert and Eichhorn
By Ray F. Evert, Susan E. Eichhorn