Chapter 8: Race and Ethnicity

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. What is the term for defining a minority group as a race and then attributing negative characteristics to it?

A. ethnocentrism

B. racialism

C. racism

D. racial profiling

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Concepts of Race and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Which of these is a socially constructed definition based on some real or presumed physical or biological characteristic?

A. ethnicity

B. kinship

C. nationality

D. race

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Concepts of Race and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Which of these is defined based on some real or presumed cultural characteristic, such as language or religion?

A. ethnicity

B. culture

C. race

D. biological heritage

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Concepts of Race and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Anthony is very proud of his Italian and French background. Therefore, it can be said that Anthony is very proud of which of these?

A. his racial background

B. his interpersonal background

C. his ethnicity

D. his social heritage

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Concepts of Race and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Which of these is true of the line between racial and ethnic groups?

A. Race is related to nature and ethnicity is related to nurture.

B. Racial and ethnic groups are obviously very different.

C. Racial and ethnic groups are vague and unclear.

D. Racial and ethnic groups are historically defined.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Concepts of Race and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. How old is the concept of race?

A. It goes back to ancient history.

B. It began around the Renaissance.

C. It began during the Civil War in the United States.

D. It is a 20th-century phenomenon.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Historical Thinking About Race

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. During the 19th and 20th centuries, folk ideas about race were supplemented with ______ justifications for treating people of other races differently.

A. realistic

B. irrational

C. legal

D. scientific

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: “Scientific” Explanations

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Which of these refers to the belief that racial differences were the result of evolutionary differences among the races?

A. cultural heritage

B. ethnocentrism

C. racial hypothesis

D. social Darwinism

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: “Scientific” Explanations

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Gregor Mendel's work on genetics and heredity during the 19th century led to which of these ideas?

A. Races could not be distinguished from one another based on genetic makeup.

B. Race was related to the melanin levels in skin based on sun exposure.

C. Races could be distinguished from one another based on genetic makeup.

D. Aside from skin tone, people were the same physiologically, with the same number of genes.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: “Scientific” Explanations

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. What is the name of the movement that argued for genetic improvements to the human population through scientific manipulation?

A. eugenics

B. social Darwinism

C. phrenology

D. the Human Genome Project

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: “Scientific” Explanations

Difficulty Level: Hard

11. Which tests were used to show genetically based racial differences in intelligence in the early 1900s?

A. blood type tests

B. skull measurements

C. IQ tests

D. taxonomic testing

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: “Scientific” Explanations

Difficulty Level: Hard

12. While historical explanations of race favored ______ explanations, contemporary explanations of race tend to be based on ______.

A. pseudoscientific; cultural factors

B. geographic; genetic factors

C. legal; social and cultural factors

D. scientific; genetic

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Cultural Explanations

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Which of these is a problem with the cultural explanations of race?

A. They blame individuals rather than social structures for racial inequalities.

B. They mistake cultural differences for biological differences.

C. They are not scientific.

D. They focus too extensively on social construction.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Cultural Explanations

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. According to the hypodescent rule, which of these is true?

A. Anyone with one Black ancestor is considered Black.

B. Anyone with at least two White grandparents is considered White.

C. Anyone who married a Black person would be considered Black in the eyes of the law.

D. Anyone whose skin tone was “hypodescent” or darker than a shade specified in the law was considered Black regardless of parentage.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Fluidity of Racial Categories

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Tonya’s maternal grandmother is Black. Even though Tonya looks outwardly White, according to the ______, Tonya would be considered Black.

A. hyperdescent rule

B. hypodescent rule

C. racializing rule

D. ethnographic rule

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Fluidity of Racial Categories

Difficulty Level: Hard

16. It wasn't until the ______ census that people could officially identify with two or more races.

A. 1900

B. 1970

C. 2000

D. 2015

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Fluidity of Racial Categories

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. The U.S. Census Bureau has estimated that in 2044, the non-Hispanic White population will be in the minority when compared to the combined non-White population groups. Non-Hispanic Whites will still be the largest single category in the United States, however. What is this is called?

A. a demographic flip

B. an unmarked minority category

C. a majority–minority population

D. a minority–majority population

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Majority–Minority Relations

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Which group is in a subordinate position in terms of wealth, power, and prestige?

A. majority group

B. minority group

C. racial group

D. ethnic group

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Majority–Minority Relations

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Which group is in a dominant position along the dimensions of wealth, power, and prestige?

A. majority group

B. minority group

C. racial group

D. ethnic group

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Majority–Minority Relations

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Who defined minority and majority groups in terms of wealth, power, and prestige?

A. Karl Marx

B. Max Weber

C. Émile Durkheim

D. Herbert Spencer

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Majority–Minority Relations

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Prejudice is a(n) ______, whereas discrimination is a(n) ______.

A. action; attitude

B. process; belief

C. activity; action

D. attitude; action

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Mary is a waitress who refuses to wait on Black customers. This exemplifies which of these?

A. prejudice

B. discrimination

C. intersectionality

D. stereotyping

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Which of these is the idea that members of a minority group are affected by the nature of their position in other systems or forms of social inequality?

A. multiracialism

B. pluralism

C. intersectionality

D. hegemony

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Intersectionality

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Kimberly is a 22-year-old African American female who has been passed over for a promotion for 5 years at her company. She thinks the combination of her age, race, and sex has prevented her from climbing the executive ladder. This is an example of which concept?

A. hyposectionality

B. hypersectionality

C. horizontal mobility

D. intersectionality

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Intersectionality

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. When immigrants come to the United States, many of them feel compelled to give up their native language to learn English. This is an example of which of these?

A. segregation

B. genocide

C. assimilation

D. pluralism

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Patterns of Interaction

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. During the 1950s, Blacks and Whites had separate bathroom facilities, attended separate schools, and used different water fountains. What does this exemplify?

A. genocide

B. assimilation

C. segregation

D. pluralism

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Patterns of Interaction

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. When Irish immigrants came to the United States in the early 1900s, many Whites called them names and treated them in a very negative manner. This exemplifies which of these?

A. homophobia

B. ethnocentrism

C. xenophobia

D. structural racism

Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss the foundations of racism.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Racism

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. What groups are more likely to be poor?

A. Hispanics and Whites

B. Hispanics and Asians

C. Hispanics and Blacks

D. Whites and Asians

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Structure and Racism

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. What percentage of Whites in the United States are characterized as “poor?”

A. 9

B. 20

C. 30

D. 40

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Structure and Racism

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. When a set of ideas that reflects the point of view of a White person is accepted as the taken-for-granted understanding of how to interpret culture, it is referred to as which of these?

A. White privilege

B. White racial frame

C. xenophobia

D. institutional racism

Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss the foundations of racism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Culture and Racism

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Juan is a Latino student who is seen as “acting White” by joining a fraternity. Which concept does the charge of “acting White” exemplify?

A. White racial frame

B. White privilege

C. Black racial frame

D. prejudice

Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss the foundations of racism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Culture and Racism

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. When hospitals give preferential treatment to Whites as opposed to members of minority groups, this is referred to as which of these?

A. prejudicial bias

B. individual bias

C. institutional discrimination

D. individual discrimination

Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss the foundations of racism.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Institutional Racism

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. Which of these is true of institutional racism?

A. It is more likely to be detected than individual racism.

B. It is more likely to be seen as a problem than individual racism.

C. It benefits men more than women.

D. It benefits Whites.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss the foundations of racism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The “Invisibility” of Institutional Racism

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. Most hate groups in the United States are which of these?

A. Black power groups

B. Brown Power groups

C. White supremacist movements

D. birther movement groups

Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss the foundations of racism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Hate Groups

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. Neo-Nazis and the Ku Klux Klan are examples of which of these?

A. xenophobic groups

B. hate groups

C. racial groups

D. hegemonic groups

Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss the foundations of racism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Hate Groups

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. The civil rights movement, which took place in the 1950s and 1960s, ended the ______ laws.

A. Jim Crow

B. August Comte

C. Stanley Milgram

D. Franklin Mills

Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss the foundations of racism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Civil Rights Movement

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. The Civil Rights Movement led to the passage of which of these?

A. the Voting Rights Act of 1965

B. the Anti-Segregation Act of 1964

C. the Equal Rights Amendment

D. the Hyde Amendment

Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss the foundations of racism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Civil Rights Movement

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. After the successes of the civil rights movement, several social movements arose in the late 1960s and early 1970s that promoted pride in one’s racial identity. These movements were called which of these?

A. diaspora movements

B. ghetto movements

C. power movements

D. indigenous movements

Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss the foundations of racism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Collective Identity and “Power” Movements

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. Which of these refers to the dispersal, typically involuntary, of a racial or ethnic population from its traditional homeland and over a wide geographic area?

A. assimilation

B. genocide

C. segregation

D. diaspora

Learning Objective: 8.4: Explain race and ethnicity in a global context.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Race and Ethnicity in a Global Context

Difficulty Level: Medium

40. What is the name for a set of ideas and texts produced by the Global North to control and exploit groups from the East?

A. xenophobia

B. orientalism

C. genocide

D. diaspora

Learning Objective: 8.4: Explain race and ethnicity in a global context.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Global Prejudice and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Medium

41. Paul Gilroy’s book The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness argues that we should focus on which of these to understand majority–minority global flows?

A. national boundaries

B. social class

C. the Atlantic region as a transnational space

D. slaves

Learning Objective: 8.4: Explain race and ethnicity in a global context.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Global Flows Based on Race and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Hard

42. When the state of California’s Constitution said that all cities and towns of the state would be granted state power to remove the Chinese population outside of their city limits, they were engaging in which of these?

A. direct expulsion

B. voluntary expulsion

C. deportation

D. genocide

Learning Objective: 8.4: Explain race and ethnicity in a global context.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Expulsion

Difficulty Level: Medium

43. Which of these refers to the establishment by the dominant group of policies that allow or require the forcible removal of people of another ethnic group?

A. assimilation

B. genocide

C. ethnic cleansing

D. pluralism

Learning Objective: 8.4: Explain race and ethnicity in a global context.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ethnic Cleansing

Difficulty Level: Medium

44. The Holocaust is an example of which of these?

A. assimilation

B. genocide

C. amalgamation

D. segregation

Learning Objective: 8.4: Explain race and ethnicity in a global context.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Genocide

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. Acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group is called which of these?

A. assimilation

B. genocide

C. amalgamation

D. segregation

Learning Objective: 8.4: Explain race and ethnicity in a global context.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Genocide

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. A racial group is defined primarily by cultural characteristics.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Concepts of Race and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. People who are French would be considered an ethnic group.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Concepts of Race and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Racial and ethnic groups can overlap even though they have different definitions.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Concepts of Race and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Enlightenment thinkers believed in the unity of humankind, but they also believed in classifying people along a continuum from primitive to modern.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: “Scientific” Explanations

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Social Darwinists believed that there were evolutionary differences between races.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: “Scientific” Explanations

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Unlike past scientific explanations of race, cultural explanations of racial inequality tend to be more bias-free.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Cultural Explanations

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. That Barack Obama can be seen as Black even though he had a White mother is a legacy of the hypodescent rule.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Fluidity of Racial Categories

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Globally speaking, race categories are uniform and solid.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Fluidity of Racial Categories

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. New Mexico and Texas are two states that have a majority–minority population.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Majority–Minority Relations

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Because women make up 51% of the population, they are categorized as a majority group.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Majority–Minority Relations

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Joseph believes that people who have a Latino background are lazy. This would be referred to as discrimination.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Prejudice is an attitude and discrimination is an action.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. The stereotype of Black men as dangerous criminals has persisted since slavery.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Intersectionality is a concept applicable only to women of color.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Intersectionality

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Intersectionality describes the convergence of minority group status with positions in other systems or other forms of inequality.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Intersectionality

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. When Lanetta, who migrated from Burma, began speaking English exclusively and socializing only with U.S. students she was exhibiting assimilation.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Patterns of Interaction

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. The murder of large numbers of American Indians by the White settlers in the period of westward expansion is an example of genocide.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Patterns of Interaction

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Historically, segregation was mandated by law in the United States.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Patterns of Interaction

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. The link between poverty and race is one of the main indicators of racial stratification.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss the foundations of racism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Structure and Racism

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Contemporary racism in the United States is primarily a matter of physical domination of the state on minority populations.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss the foundations of racism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Culture and Racism

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Institutional racism can be found within the educational and health-care systems.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss the foundations of racism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Institutional Racism

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Institutional racism is harder to detect than individual racism.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss the foundations of racism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The “Invisibility” of Institutional Racism

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. The number of hate groups in the United States has declined since 9/11.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss the foundations of racism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Hate Groups

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. The Civil Rights Movement ended institutional racism in the United States.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss the foundations of racism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Civil Rights Movement

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Diaspora refers to the dispersal, typically involuntary, of a racial or ethnic group from its traditional homeland.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Explain race and ethnicity in a global context.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Race and Ethnicity in a Global Context

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. Historically, imperialism, colonialism, economic development, Westernization, and Americanization have worked to Northerners’ advantage and to Southerners’ disadvantage.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Explain race and ethnicity in a global context.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Global Prejudice and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Racism is a phenomenon that is exclusive to the United States.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Explain race and ethnicity in a global context.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Global Prejudice and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. While the numerical increase of populations is a contributing factor to ethnic conflict within in nation-states, other challenges emerge because of economic and cultural factors.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Explain race and ethnicity in a global context.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ethnic Conflict within Nation-States

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. Ethnic cleansing is defined as the establishment by the minority group of policies that allow or require the forcible removal of people of another racial group.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Explain race and ethnicity in a global context.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ethnic Cleansing

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Today, no nation-states engage in genocide.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Explain race and ethnicity in a global context.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Genocide

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Differentiate between race and ethnicity and give two examples of each type of group.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Contrast historical and recent views of racial categories and ethnic identities in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Concepts of Race and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination? Give an example of each. Can a person be prejudicial without being discriminatory? Explain your answer. Can a person be discriminatory without being prejudicial? Explain your answer.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. What is intersectionality? Name one group, political movement, or protest that failed to highlight intersectionality. How would the group you mention benefit from greater intersectionality?

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe majority–minority relations.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Intersectionality

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. What techniques did Blacks and progressive allies use to resist racial oppression during the civil rights movement? How did racist Whites and their representatives often respond?

Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss the foundations of racism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Civil Rights Movement

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Discuss institutional racism and provide examples in three different institutional settings based on your readings.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Discuss the foundations of racism.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Analysis

Answer Location: Institutional Racism

Difficulty Level: Medium