Exam Questions Humanitarian Concerns Chapter 10

CHAPTER 10: HUMANITARIAN CONCERNS

What Students Should Learn from This Chapter

10.1 Explain major humanitarian challenges and their causes.

10.2 Discuss humanitarian policies to address these challenges.

10.3 Outline similarities and differences among key approaches to humanitarian challenges.

10.4 Examine the main components of alternative approaches to humanitarian crises.

10.5 Critically apply humanitarian policies at each level of analysis.

Test Questions

Multiple-Choice Questions

Question type: applied

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

1. Biafra is most commonly associated with

1. Famine.
2. Chemical pollution.
3. Genocide.
4. Overpopulation.

Question type: conceptual

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

2. Incidents or continuing problems threatening the health, safety, security, and well-being of many, usually in a distinct geographic area, are called

1. Humanitarian crises.
2. International misery.
3. Global crises.
4. Geocrises.

Question type: conceptual

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

3. Which of the following is NOT one of the three fundamental principles of humanitarian policies?

1. Humanity.
2. Impartiality.
3. Independence.
4. Humanism.

Question type: conceptual

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

4. Which of the following does NOT characterize humanitarian interventions?

1. The actions of foreign powers in a humanitarian crisis with or without the approval of a legal authority.
2. The attempt to eliminate the sources of the crisis.
3. In natural catastrophes, most governments usually refuse foreign aid and rescue groups.
4. Countries can choose to participate or to not get involved in international humanitarian actions.

Question type: factual

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

5. Which is NOT a biological agent that causes infectious disease?

1. Viruses.
2. Bacteria.
3. Parasites.
4. Membranes.

Question type: factual

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

6. HIV stands for

1. High-immunity virus.
2. Heteroinsufficiency virus.
3. Human immunodeficiency virus.
4. Human-intolerable virus.

Question type: factual

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

7. About _____ people have died from AIDS.

1. 2 million.
2. 700,000.
3. 36 million.
4. 3 billion.

Question type: applied

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

8. Which of the following is not an example of a pandemic?

1. Ebola.
2. Cancer.
3. Black Death.
4. AIDS.

Question type: applied

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

9. India was ravaged by _____ in the 1990s.

1. The plague.
2. Typhus.
3. Cholera.
4. Ebola.

Question type: applied

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

10. Chronic malnutrition is MOST likely to lead to

1. Distress and aggression.
2. Hunger and starvation.
3. Anger and rebellion.
4. Hallucinations and irresponsible actions.

Question type: applied

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

11. Which of the following countries did NOT experience a famine in the twentieth century?

1. India.
2. Russia.
3. China.
4. United States.

Question type: applied

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

12. The UN WFP stands for.

1. Worldwide Food Partnership.
2. World Food Programme.
3. Women’s Food Plan.
4. Water and Food Programme.

Question type: applied

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

13. Civilians in conflict-struck Darfur are NOT likely to

1. Develop stress-related disorders.
2. Be raped or physically abused.
3. Avoid psychological trauma.
4. Be exposed to physical injuries.

Question type: factual

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

14. The ethnic groups Tutsis and Hutus fought against each other in which country?

1. Congo.
2. Tunisia.
3. Rwanda.
4. Algeria.

Question type: applied

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

15. Mismanagement, a lack of resources, rampant corruption, and political violence ____ humanitarian problems and ____ their solution.

1. Alleviate . . . speed up.
2. Worsen . . . delay.
3. Help . . . stall.
4. Stop . . . enhance.

Question type: applied

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

16. In the twentieth century alone, an estimated _____ people died from natural disasters, including droughts, floods, and earthquakes.

1. 70 million.
2. 2 million.
3. 850,000.
4. 450,000.

Question type: applied

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

17. The 1930s collectivization process in the Soviet Union was characterized by

1. Peasants forced to join collective farms.
2. Farmers collecting additional taxes from neighboring villages.
3. Abundant harvests resulting from industrialization of agricultural practices.
4. High levels of worker productivity.

Question type: applied

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

18. The Tamil Tigers fight in

1. Sri Lanka.
2. Tibet.
3. Somalia.
4. Congo.

Question type: factual

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

19. About 40 percent of the world’s poor live in

1. The Middle East.
2. Sub-Saharan Africa.
3. Southeast Asia.
4. South America.

Question type: factual

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

20. This country is home to one-fourth of the world’s poor:

1. China.
2. Bangladesh.
3. Nigeria.
4. India.

Question type: conceptual

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

21. When a high concentration of people cannot obtain the minimum conditions to sustain a reasonable quality of life, the situation is termed

1. Population overkill.
2. Population bomb.
3. Overpopulation.
4. Overcrowding.

Question type: conceptual

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

22. Violence, hardship, or the threat of these can also displace people within or across state borders in search of asylum, or a place of safety. This is called

1. Voluntary immigration.
2. Involuntary migration.
3. Persecution.
4. Forced relocation.

Question type: conceptual

Section 10.1 Humanitarian Challenges

23. Involuntary migrants fleeing from one country to another are called

1. Asylum seekers.
2. Legal immigrants.
3. Refugees.
4. Guest workers.

Question type: applied

Section 10.2 Humanitarian Policies

24. In 2019 there were 16 peacekeeping missions worldwide, but not in this country:

1. Afghanistan.
2. Kosovo.
3. Liberia.
4. Iran.

Question type: conceptual

Section 10.2 Humanitarian Policies

25. In 2011 NATO intervened militarily in Libya, arguing that the action was a form of

1. Relief effort.
2. Humanitarian intervention.
3. Crisis prevention.
4. Refugee policy.

Question type: applied

Section 10.2 Humanitarian Policies

26. After observing the horrible experience in Biafra, a French physician started

1. Doctors without Borders.
2. The UN World Food Program.
3. The Food and Agricultural Organization.
4. The Red Cross.

Question type: factual

Section 10.2 Humanitarian Policies

27. The American Relief Administration gave help to

1. European countries after World War I.
2. Central European Countries after the implosion of the Soviet Union.
3. Asia after several tsunamis in the early 2000s.
4. Africa after the Arab Spring started.

Question type: applied

Section 10.2 Humanitarian Policies

28. In which of the following countries has the one-child policy been practiced?

1. India.
2. China.
3. Germany.
4. Spain.

Question type: applied

Section 10.2 Humanitarian Policies

29. UN adviser and Columbia University professor Jeffrey Sachs, author of The End of Poverty, argues that the most effective way to end poverty in poor countries is to

1. Encourage poor countries to export agricultural products, minerals, and timber.
2. Have rich countries make large investments in poor countries.
3. Require rich countries to give large sums of money to the governments of poor countries.
4. Force poor countries to enact one-child policies to help control population sizes.

Question type: conceptual

Section 10.2 Humanitarian Policies

30. How does the Grameen Bank operate without solid financial guarantees?

1. It has strong international creditors.
2. It only worked in the beginning, but failed eventually.
3. It is based on community building.
4. It uses credit sharks.

Question type: factual

Section 10.2 Humanitarian Policies

31. The Grameen Bank founded in Bangladesh is closely associated with

1. Funding large development projects.
2. Providing microcredit loans.
3. Advocating for strict population controls.
4. Encouraging investment in high technology.

Question type: factual

Section 10.2 Humanitarian Policies

32. In the United States and most European nations, asylum was long granted to people who are already in the country and unable or unwilling to return home because of a well-founded fear of persecution. This statement

1. Used to be true, but laws have become more stringent.
2. Is still largely true.
3. Remains true, but regulations might change in the future.
4. Has been false since the end of the Cold War.

Question type: factual

Section 10.2 Humanitarian Policies

33. Starting in 2015, Europe has struggled with a refugee crisis, with most refugees coming from

1. Africa and Russia.
2. Russia and South Asia.
3. The Middle East and India.
4. The Middle East and Africa.

Question type: factual

Section 10.2 Humanitarian Policies

34. Refugees flooding into Europe from the Mediterranean in 2015 were most intent on reaching

1. France.
2. Britain.
3. Sweden.
4. Germany.

Question type: conceptual

Section 10.3 Traditional Approaches to Humanitarian Policies

35. In the realist view, states have ______resolving humanitarian crises within their territory.

1. A limited interest in.
2. Primary responsibility for.
3. Serious problems.
4. No interest in.

Question type: conceptual

Section 10.3 Traditional Approaches to Humanitarian Policies

36. Realists believe all of the following about humanitarian interventions, EXCEPT

1. A country may intervene if a foreign humanitarian crisis directly affects its sovereignty or security.
2. States may intervene in humanitarian crises if the crises cause regional destabilization.
3. Humanitarian interventions may create security dilemmas.
4. Preventing genocides and curbing genocidal autocrats must be a priority.

Question type: conceptual

Section 10.3 Traditional Approaches to Humanitarian Policies

37. Liberalism emphasizes not only _______in humanitarian interventions.

1. Dangers but also opportunities.
2. Drawbacks but also difficult challenges.
3. Discrepancies but also overlap.
4. Benefits but also costs.

Question type: conceptual

Section 10.3 Traditional Approaches to Humanitarian Policies

38. ______ states that human beings, regardless of their origin and social status, are morally responsible to help those who suffer.

1. Feminism.
2. Marxism.
3. Humanitarianism.
4. Realism.

Question type: factual

Section 10.3 Traditional Approaches to Humanitarian Policies

39. R2P stands for

1. Reason to persecute.
2. Revenge to prisoners.
3. Revolution to free Pakistan.
4. Responsibility to protect.

Question type: conceptual

Section 10.3 Traditional Approaches to Humanitarian Policies

40. Global governance calls for all of the following, EXCEPT

1. A decreased role for NGOs.
2. Equality among states.
3. Mutual interdependence.
4. Universal jurisdiction.

Question type: conceptual

Section 10.3 Traditional Approaches to Humanitarian Policies

41. Global governance is global cooperation with ______ power to enforce compliance.

1. Full.
2. Little or no.
3. Strong but uncertain.
4. Punctual.

Question type: conceptual

Section 10.4 Alternative Views of Humanitarian Policies

42. According to the constructivist view of humanitarian policies, ______are inseparable from the international context.

1. Perceptions.
2. Military powers.
3. Financial resources.
4. Global power structures.

Question type: factual

Section 10.4 Alternative Views of Humanitarian Policies

43. In The Wretched of the Earth, Frantz Fanon ____ European humanism as a model for the Third World.

1. Praises.
2. Prescribes.
3. Rejects.
4. Questions.

Question type: factual

Section 10.4 Alternative Views of Humanitarian Policies

44. Which of the following was widespread during the conflicts in India, Latin America, and Africa?

1. Chinese military support.
2. Rape.
3. Immediate relief thanks to international humanitarian intervention.
4. Influenza.

Question type: factual

Section 10.5 Critical Applications

45. Which secretary general of the United Nations became an advocate of R2P?

1. Ban Ki-Moon.
2. Boutros Boutros-Ghali.
3. Kofi Annan.
4. U Thant.

Question type: applied

Section 10.5 Critical Applications

46. President Clinton’s failure to stop genocide in ______ may have spurred him to success in stopping ethnic cleansing in _____.

1. Rwanda . . . Kosovo.
2. Darfur . . . Serbia.
3. Cambodia . . . Armenia.
4. Poland . . . Croatia.

Question type: applied

Section 10.5 Critical Applications

47. Many critics said the boundary between humanitarian assistance and military intervention was especially blurry in Western intervention in

1. Japan in 2011.
2. Indonesia in 2004.
3. Haiti in 2010.
4. Libya in 2011.

Question type: factual

Section 10.5 Critical Applications

48. By recent estimates, global spending on humanitarian aid is about ____each year.

1. $8 billion.
2. $27 billion.
3. $550 billion.
4. $940 billion.

Question type: factual

Section 10.5 Critical Applications

49. Which of the following is usually NOT a successful approach for humanitarian interventions?

1. A participatory approach.
2. Unilateral action.
3. Transparency and accountability.
4. Wealth creation.

Question type: factual

Section 10.5 Critical Applications

50. This celebrity helped convince rich nations to forgive $40 billion of debt owed by poor countries:

1. Angelina Jolie.
2. Bono.
3. Ben Affleck.
4. George Clooney.

Short-Answer Questions

1. What is considered a humanitarian crisis?

2. Explain the concept of one-child policy.

3. What is the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic?

4. Define the acronym R2P.

5. Describe the term humanitarian sovereignty.

6. What does AIDS stand for? Explain.

7. Name and explain three causes of humanitarian problems.

8. What does Biafra stand for?

9. List and describe three factors for sustainable success of aid.

10. What is the typical nature of a peacekeeping mission?

11. Describe some of the challenges faced by internally displaced persons.

12. Explain the goal and methods of Grameen Bank.

13. What is the role of the WHO?

14. Name a few reasons why AIDS has spread more rapidly in Africa than in the United States.

15. What is global governance?

16. Explain the concept of peacekeeping.

17. When and why did Doctors without Borders start its work?

18. Briefly describe a human trafficking scheme.

19. Name at least three infectious diseases.

20. What is involuntary migration?

21. What are key problems often associated with overpopulation?

Essay Questions

1. Discuss the challenges of humanitarian interventions using a case study of your choice.

2. Choosing an empirical case, explain and analyze the consequences of a pandemic outbreak.

3. Relying on a constructivist perspective, examine and discuss the evolution of the AIDS pandemic in international relations.

4. Comparing realist and liberalist views on humanitarian interventions, discuss the R2P concept in international relations and its evolution.

5. Discuss the pros and cons of humanitarian assistance from a conflict theories viewpoint.

6. Are you in favor of celebrity activism? Discuss.

7. Write an essay about the feminist perspective on the causes and consequences of humanitarian challenges.

8. How do different conflict theories explain the causes and consequences of humanitarian challenges?

9. Compare, contrast, and analyze the realist, liberal, and constructivist approaches to dealing with humanitarian challenges.

10. Selecting an empirical case of your choice, discuss the factors that leaders must weigh before providing humanitarian support to a country or region in need.

11. Globalization supporters suggest that freer trade is a tool to alleviate poverty. Do you agree? Discuss.

12. What are the pros and cons of celebrity actions to alleviate humanitarian challenges?